Face au succès des économies d'Asie du sud-est, favorisé par une stratégie de croissance tirée par les exportations, une importante littérature s'est développée autour de la question de l'incidence des mésalignements du taux de change sur la croissance économique. Notre travail apporte un éclairage complémentaire sur ce sujet, en focalisant sur le cas particulier des économies d'Afrique Subsaharienne dont l'évolution globale de la croissance semble connaitre un regain depuis le début du 21ème siècle. Dans cette perspective, nous nous intéressons, dans un premier temps, à la question de la détermination du taux de change d'équilibre, puisque ce dernier sert de référence dans l'évaluation des mésalignements. Cette étape nous permet d'aborder la question de l'apport du régime de change dans la limitation des mésalignements. Il apparaît alors que l'apport du régime de change en termes de limitation des mésalignements est ambigu. À l'issue de cette analyse, nous envisageons, dans un second temps, l'évaluation proprement dite de l'influence des mésalignements sur la croissance de 16 pays d'Afrique Subsaharienne. Au terme de cette recherche, les résultats obtenus montrent que la surévaluation agit négativement sur la croissance économique. Pour autant, la sous-évaluation n'exerce pas d'effet favorable, quel que soit le cadre institutionnel retenu. De ce fait, il semble que la solution de sortie de l'union monétaire pour les pays de la Zone Franc ne peut pas être justifiée par l'espoir de retrouver une marge de manœuvre supplémentaire à travers la manipulation du change. / Faced with the success of Southeast Asian economies, fueled by an export-led growth strategy, an important literature developed around the question of the growth effects of exchange rate misalignments. This work provides further insights on this question, by focusing on the particular case of Sub-Saharan African countries, whose growth has picked up since the beginning of the 21st century. In this perspective, we first determine the equilibrium exchange rate as this value provides a benchmark for the computation of misalignments. This step allows us to tackle the importance of the exchange rate regime in limiting misalignments. It seems that the exchange rate regime has an ambiguous effect on limiting misalignments. Subsequent to this analysis, we assess the impact of misalignments on growth in 16 Sub-Saharan African countries. The results of this assessment are in favor of the thesis that the overvaluation acts negatively on growth. However, the under-valuation of the exchange rate does not have a positive effect, irrespective of the institutional framework considered. Therefore, it seems that countries' exit from the Franc Zone cannot be justified by the expectation that the manipulation of the exchange rate would offer countries more policy flexibility.

In the beginning this thesis deals with the theory of the exchange rate, its quotations, significance of its economic effect and ultimately the parity rate of interest, which is divided into a covered and an uncovered interest parity. It is followed by the methodology, which includes formulas and procedures used to achieve the aim. The most important part is the practical part, which deals with the general presentation of selected countries (Czech Republic, Republic of Poland, Hungary, Republic of Croatia and Romania) in terms of significant macroeconomic indicators and also shows the development of the exchange rates and interest rates in those countries. Subsequently, the thesis focuses on the verification of the uncovered interest parity by means of a graphical analysis, a regression analysis and a paired t-test. In view of results of these methods the conclusion was reached, that the theory has not been proven. The last two chapters describe the differences between the results of the selected countries and the possible reasons for the failure of the uncovered interest rate parity.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciaram as exportações dos segmentos de soja e calçados do Brasil e Rio Grande do Sul durante o período 2000 a 2010. Em um primeiro momento, a partir de uma visão geral, são realizadas análises do comércio exterior brasileiro e do Rio Grande do Sul. Na sequência há uma explanação sobre a evolução da política cambial brasileira e sua relação com o desempenho nos setores da indústria e agricultura no Brasil. Por fim, observam-se os resultados dos segmentos selecionados no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul e identificam-se os fatores que influenciaram os respectivos desempenhos das exportações no período analisado. O trabalho revela que, além dos impactos ocasionados pelo câmbio e China, também estão ocorrendo movimentos de produção dos segmentos de soja e calçados do Rio Grande do Sul para outros estados, o que tem reduzido a participação gaúcha desses segmentos na pauta das exportações brasileiras. / The aim in this work is to identify the factors influencing exportations in the soybean and footwear sectors in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul from 2000 to 2010. First, starting from an overview, analyses are made on Brazilian and Rio Grande do Sul's foreign trade. Secondly, we explain the evolution in Brazilian exchange rate policy and its relation to performance in industry and agriculture in the country. Finally, we point out the results delivered by determined sectors in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul and identify the factors responsible for the performance in exportations in that given period. The work reveals that in addition to the impacts caused by exchange rate and China, there are also production movements to other states occurring in the soybean and footwear sectors in Rio Grande do Sul, which reduces the participation of this state in these sectors of Brazilian exportations.

Submitted by Gabriel Gebrim (gabriel.gebrim@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T10:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_GabrielGebrimVFinal.pdf: 1596163 bytes, checksum: dfba3a70fed962186f2acf0e199ebf84 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Gabriel, boa tarde Para que o título esteja conforme a Ata assinada, será necessário retirar também o subtítulo (Reservas internacionais como ferramenta contra a volatilidade) Grata on 2016-09-02T15:43:57Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gabriel Gebrim (gabriel.gebrim@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T15:55:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_GabrielGebrimVFinal1.pdf: 672983 bytes, checksum: 7d9582001788311836b8585e0b09429f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-02T18:18:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_GabrielGebrimVFinal1.pdf: 672983 bytes, checksum: 7d9582001788311836b8585e0b09429f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T18:34:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_GabrielGebrimVFinal1.pdf: 672983 bytes, checksum: 7d9582001788311836b8585e0b09429f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / This paper analyzes if international reserves can reduce the effects of terms of trade shocks over the Exchange rate in Brazil. For this matter, an expansion of the model proposed by Aizeman e Riera-Critchon (2008) was developed for the Brazilian reality. The paper uses quartely data from 1972 to 2015. The results shows evidence that the active managment of international reservas can smooth the effect of terms of trade shocks over the Exchange rate and current account. / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se as reservas podem ser usadas para reduzir efeito de choques nos termos de troca sobre o câmbio no Brasil. Para isso, foram feitas expansões no modelo de análise proposto Aizeman e Riera-Critchon (2008) para a realidade brasileira. A análise feita utilizou dados brasileiros trimestrais de 1972 até 2015. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento de reservas é capaz de mitigar o efeito de choques positivos dos termos de troca no câmbio e na balança comercial.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 johnliuturma2004.pdf.jpg: 12342 bytes, checksum: 2bea1c4035c89c2307b4cb760d9f566a (MD5) johnliuturma2004.pdf: 369564 bytes, checksum: 7c620a827a2cc6f2c516bed27c870382 (MD5) johnliuturma2004.pdf.txt: 49576 bytes, checksum: b159d560c6000e2d4736afaacdc682b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-05T00:00:00Z / This thesis examines the relationship between interest rates and exchange rate movements using the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIP). Assuming rational expectations, we evaluated Brazilian data from Plano Real (July 1986) until August 2006. We found evidences that lead to reject UIP in the long run. Furthermore, we investigated the presence of UIP without the assumption of rational expectations. We used market surveys of future exchange, published at the Boletim Focus. We also found evidences that give no support to UIP hypothesis. / Esta dissertação procura examinar a relação entre taxas de juros e os movimentos da taxa de câmbio, a partir da paridade descoberta de juros (PDJ). Foi utilizado o procedimento pressupondo expectativas racionais e foi testada a validade da PDJ com dados da economia brasileira desde o Plano Real (julho de 1994) até agosto de 2006. Encontramos evidências que levam à rejeição da PDJ no longo prazo. Além disso, foi examinada a validade da PDJ sem a necessidade de utilizar a hipótese de expectativas racionais, foram utilizadas as previsões de câmbio dos analistas financeiros, publicadas no Boletim Focus de novembro de 2001 a novembro de 2006. Também encontramos evidências que levam à rejeição da PDJ no Brasil.

Submitted by silvia matos (silvia.matos@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T12:11:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SilviaMatos.pdf: 612943 bytes, checksum: afbbe0d255820e85eb4639ae4f0ef00e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Virginio Machado(andrea.machado@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T12:35:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SilviaMatos.pdf: 612943 bytes, checksum: afbbe0d255820e85eb4639ae4f0ef00e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-11T18:12:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SilviaMatos.pdf: 612943 bytes, checksum: afbbe0d255820e85eb4639ae4f0ef00e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-08 / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the price-setting behavior in Brazil and, in particular, the effects on inflation and good-level real exchange rate persistence. This thesis is composed by three Chapters. In the first Chapter, we present the main stylized facts about the behavior of retail prices in Brazil using micro data from the CPI index computed by the Fundação Getulio Vargas. Moreover we construct time series of price-setting statistics and relate them to macroeconomic variables using regression analyses. In Chapter 2, we investigated the relevance of heterogeneity in countries price stickiness on good-level real exchange rate persistence, considering a newly constructed panel data set of relative prices of 115 common products between the U.S. and Brazil. Chapter 3 is devoted to the relation between sectoral price stickiness and inflation persistence. / O objetivo desta tese é investigar as estratégias de precificação no Brasil, enfatizando os efeitos sobre a persistência da inflação e da taxa de câmbio real setorial. Esta tese é composta por três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, nós apresentamos as principais características do comportamento dos preços no Brasil, utilizando os microdados do Índice de Preços ao Consumidor, computado pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Adicionalmente, nós construímos as séries de tempo das estatísticas de price-setting e as relacionamos com as variáveis macroeconômicas utilizando análise de regressão. No capítulo 2, nós investigamos o efeito da heterogeneidade da rigidez de preços entre países sobre a persistência da taxa de câmbio real setorial, considerando um painel de preços relativos de 115 produtos comuns entre Brasil e EUA. Por fim, o capítulo 3 explora a relação entre rigidez de preço setorial e persistência inflacionária.

Submitted by Veridiana de Andrade Nogueira (veridiana.nogueira@safra.com.br) on 2012-03-05T18:06:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Veridiana_Nogueira_dissertacao_MPE.pdf: 355072 bytes, checksum: 6d7ce3ba52bc1eceff0a03b598f9feb5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-03-05T19:13:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Veridiana_Nogueira_dissertacao_MPE.pdf: 355072 bytes, checksum: 6d7ce3ba52bc1eceff0a03b598f9feb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-05T19:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veridiana_Nogueira_dissertacao_MPE.pdf: 355072 bytes, checksum: 6d7ce3ba52bc1eceff0a03b598f9feb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-03 / This paper estimates the transmission of exchange rate changes to price indices in Brazil using the methodology of structural autoregressive vectors (SVAR) with vector error correction (VEC). The study period begins on the introduction of the inflation targeting (June 1999) and ends in September 2011. The results support the evaluation that monetary policy has matured in recent years, with a concomitant improvement in the macroeconomic environment. Comparing our results with previous studies, we found a significant reduction in the pass-through of the exchange rate for inflation. / Este trabalho estima a transmissão da variação cambial aos índices de preços brasileiros, utilizando a metodologia de vetores autorregressivos estruturais (SVAR) com vetores de correção de erros (VEC). O período estudado tem início na introdução do regime de metas para a inflação (junho de 1999) e se encerra em setembro de 2011. Os resultados reforçam a avaliação de que houve amadurecimento da política monetária nos últimos anos, concomitantemente a uma melhora do ambiente macroeconômico. Na comparação dos nossos resultados com estudos anteriores, encontramos significativa redução do pass-through da taxa de câmbio para os índices de inflação.

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar teórica e empiricamente o repasse das oscilações cambiais para os níveis de preços no Brasil, através da estimação do pass-through. O período analisado foi de 1994 a 2014, com foco no período de taxa de câmbio flexível. O pass-throughfoi estimado em duas abordagens distintas, através de um OLS em janelas fixas (rollingwindows) onde os parâmetros são fixos no tempo e através de um modelo com parâmetros variáveis no tempo, pelo Filtro de Kalman. Os resultados apresentaram evidências de uma queda do repasse com a adoção do regime de câmbio flutuante, um repasse cambial menor após apreciações do que após depreciações eque reações do IGP-DI do IPA são mais rápidas e intensas a choques da taxa de câmbio que o IPCA. / This dissertation analyzed theoretically and empirically the pass-through from exchange ratetoinflationin Brazil. The analyzed period extends from 1994 to 2014, focusing on the floating exchange rate regime. Two methodologies were employed: i) an OLS through rolling windowsin which the parameters are fixed in time and ii) aKalman filter, with varying-parameters. The results suggested a lower pass-through since the adoption of a floating exchange rate regime andalso a lower pass-through after an appreciation then after depreciations. In addition, responses of the IGP-DI and IPAfrom exchange rate shocks are faster and more intense thanthose of IPCA.

This thesis is concerned with the implications of the financial liberalisation of the Chinese economy for savings, investment, monetary policy and the exchange rate, in China. In the first part, the financial repression hypothesis is tested on savings and investment, with the result that there is some evidence to support the complementarity between money and physical capital in China since 1987, although this effect is shown to have become weaker over the sample period as liberalisation has taken place. The second issue is to investigate the consequences of interest rate liberalisation in China, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. There are two main findings. First, raising deposit rates serves to alter the division of production between consumption and investment and to improve the efficiency of the monetary policy transmission mechanism through interest rates. Second, the deregulation of deposit and loan rates leads to less volatility in inflation as interest rates are allowed to partly absorb shocks to the economy. Other monetary policies under financial repression in China are examined as well. The results based on the DSGE model suggest that the interest rate rule is more effective and powerful than the conventional money growth rule and the adjustment of the required reserve ratio helps little to contain inflation. In addition, the administrative window guidance on bank loans contributes to less volatility of inflation and stabilises the deregulation process of deposit and loan rates. The final part of the thesis examines the sources of the volatility in real exchange rate, which are shown to stem essentially from demand shocks, although up to a quarter of the volatility comes from relative supply disturbances, perhaps reflecting the importance of supply-side reform in China since the early 1990s.

In the first chapter, entitled “On Cross-country Differences in the Contribution of Nontraded Goods to Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations”, The contribution of nontraded goods to Real Exchange Rate (RER) fluctuations for a large number of countries that include high, middle, and low-income countries are estimated using Engel’s (1999, JPE) approaches. We also propose a new quantity dual approach which does not require any assumption regarding the functional form for either the production function or for the overall price index to estimate similar measures. All the three approaches used yield qualitatively similar estimates, but there exists a large cross-country variation in the contributions of the nontraded goods to RER fluctuations. Income, government expenditure, exchange rate volatility, and political stability are found to be negatively correlated to the contributions of nontraded goods, while inflation, consumption expenditure, and openness are positively correlated to the contributions of nontraded goods to RER fluctuations. In the second chapter, entitled “The Great Recession and Price Convergence in the United States”, We analyze the differential nature of commodity price convergence in cities in the U.S.A. before and after the Great Recession of 2008. Using quarterly retail price data for 50 commodities from 279 cities for the period 1992- 2014, we show that the speed of price convergence for almost all the commodities increased after the great recession, and that observation is more pronounced for nonperishable prices. We also observe that the price convergence disparity between the most and the least affected states widened, with the most affected areas experiencing much higher speed of price convergence than before the Great Recession. Moreover, the geographic variations of changes in rate of convergence are noteworthy. In the third chapter, entitled “Language, Topography, and Price Convergence”, we ask what else can downgrade technological innovations, improvement of transportation infrastructures, and other policy tools in boosting integrations of commodity markets? This paper analyzes the impact of two highly exogenous variables – languages and elevations - on retail price convergence which indicates the level of market integration. Using data from a very ethnic and topographically diversified country- India- we show that language and topographical variations represent intrinsic barriers to market integration and should not be overlooked. Therefore, ceteris paribus, a country with more similarities in languages and less variation in topographical features is likely to benefit more from technological improvements and from the improvement of transportation infrastructures due to the resulting faster rate of convergence.