Cada vez mais presente em pesquisas na área da administração, a Corporate Social Performance (CSP), ou Performance Social Corporativa, vem sendo tema de muitas pesquisas nas últimas quatro décadas, principalmente, no que tange a sua mensuração. Com sua característica multidimensional, a CSP vem sendo medida de diversas maneiras, com a utilização de relatórios de sustentabilidade, surveys, banco de dados e índices. Essa pesquisa traz uma contribuição metodológica a essa temática, trazendo um modelo de mensuração de CSP com dimensões e variáveis identificadas na literatura. Depois, analisou-se a aderência desse modelo com indicadores dos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade que utilizam as diretrizes GRI-G4 e com o questionário ISE-2016. Então, propôs-se uma avaliação da aderência de ambas as medidas. Além das análises descritivas, utilizou-se os métodos de correlação de Pearson e de Spearman para avaliar a associação entre as pontuações das duas métricas diferentes e o Teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para comparar as duas distribuições. Foram elaborados dois modelos de mensuração, considerando as dimensões identificadas na literatura correspondentes aos stakeholders primários. As análises de correlação de Pearson e Spearman resultaram em uma correlação muito baixa entre as duas métricas, GRI e ISE. O Teste Mann-Whitney mostrou que não há evidências que suportem a hipótese de que os relatórios de sustentabilidade GRI e o questionário ISE sejam diferentes para os stakeholders comunidade, clientes e fornecedores. Ainda, foi realizada a Regressão Linear Múltipla para que os efeitos de outras variáveis pudessem ser avaliados. Nessa análise foi possível verificar uma melhor associação entre as métricas de GRI e ISE para o stakeholder Empregados, o que pode ser explicado pelo maior número de variáveis encontradas. / The Corporate Social Performance (CSP) has been present in management scholarship for the past four decades, mainly concerning to the ways of its measurement. Due to its multidimensional characteristic, the CSP has been measured in different ways, such as using sustainability reports, surveys, database and indexes. This research aims to contribute to this subject, assessing the correlation of a measurement model that uses data from sustainability reporting aligned with the GRI-G4 guidelines, with a measurement model that uses the Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial - ISE-2016 survey data. In addition to the descriptive analysis, it was used the statistical methods of correlation of Pearson and correlation of Spearman to evaluate the association between the scores of the two different metrics and the Mann-Whitney U test. The analysis of Pearson and Spearman correlation resulted in a very low correlation between both scales, GRI and ISE. However, the Mann-Whitney test showed that there is a relationship between both distributions for the following stakeholders: employees, suppliers and customers. Finally, It was perfomed a Multiple Linear Regression and it was verified a better association between the GRI and ISE scales for the Employees stakeholder, which can be explained by the greater number of variables found.

Esta pesquisa analisa a influência dos indicadores no desempenho das Instituições de Ensino Superior. Para isso, foi realizado uma pesquisa em duas etapas. Na primeira, identificou-se na literatura um conjunto de indicadores e dimensões que foram submetidos a onze especialistas em ensino e gestão de desempenho. Desta etapa resultou um dashboard composto por nove dimensões e 67 indicadores. Em uma segunda etapa, foi realizado um survey com 109 instituições de ensino, utilizando estes indicadores. Como resultados, todos os especialistas ressaltaram a importância da gestão de desempenho para o atingimento dos resultados e objetivos estratégicos, assim como as principais relações de causa e efeito. A partir do survey realizado, o estudo apresenta, por meio dos testes qui-quadrado, de regressão logística múltipla e de análise de correspondência múltipla associações entre o IGC da instituição e a presença, a importância e a forma como os gestores usam os indicadores. Analisando conjuntamente a presença, a importância e o uso dos indicadores na tomada de decisão, percebe-se que apenas dois indicadores - vínculo a programas internacionais (em sua unidade ou fora dela) e alunos que fazem mais de um curso (fidelização) - mostraram-se associados ao IGC em todas as análises estatísticas. Analisado as dimensões, apenas \"Acadêmico\", \"Sociedade/extensão\" e \"Financeiro\" não se mostraram associadas ao IGC em pelo menos uma análise. As dimensões \"Internacionalização e Pesquisa\", \"Aluno/Cliente\" e \"Mercado\" foram as dimensões que se apresentaram mais associadas ao IGC, o que ocorreu em no mínimo 50% dos testes realizados. Do ponto de vista gerencial, esta pesquisa apresenta um dashboard de gestão para instituições de ensino superior. Destaca-se a apresentação de indicadores e dimensões para se gerenciar uma instituição de ensino e a forma como esses indicadores e dimensões estão associados ao IGC. / The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of performance indicators on the performance of High Education Institutions. For this, the research\'s been organized in two different stages. For the first stage, a set of indicators and dimensions were identified in the literature which were submitted to eleven specialists in teaching and performance evaluation. As result, this stage led to a dashboard composed of nine dimensions and 67 indicators. In the second stage, a survey was carried out with 109 educational institutions, using the 67 indicators. In the result, all experts emphasized the importance of performance management to achieve strategic results and goals, as well as the main relationships of cause and effect. From the survey conducted, the study presents, through chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression and multiple-correspondence analysis, the associations between the IGC of the institution and the presence, importance and the way managers use the indicators. By analyzing the presence, importance and use of the indicators in a whole, in the decision-making process, what can be noted is that only two indicators - international programs links (same institutions or partnership) and students enrolled to more than one course (loyalty) were associated to IGC in all statistical analyzes. Analyzing the dimensions, only \"Academic\", \"Society / extension\" and \"Financial\" were not shown to be associated with the IGC in at least one analysis. The dimensions \"Internationalization and Research\", \"Student / Customer\" and \"Market\" were the most associated dimensions with the IGC, which occurred in at least 50% of the performed tests. From an administrative point of view, this research presents a management dashboard for high education institutions. It is worth to highlight the presentation and dimensions of indicators to manage an educational institution and the way these indicators and dimensions are associated with the IGC.

Esta dissertação investiga de forma pioneira no Brasil os efeitos da competição no mercado de produtos sobre a qualidade da governança corporativa. O período de análise foi de 2005 a 2007, com uma amostra de 90 empresas no período. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes inter-relacionadas. A primeira investiga se as variáveis de competição no mercado de produtos impactam de forma significativa a qualidade de governança das companhias. Como aproximação da qualidade de governança, foi utilizado um índice de governança adotado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa. Como aproximação para competição no mercado de produtos, foram utilizadas diversas medidas, tais como o Índice de Herfindahl- Hirschmann, a razão de concentração das quatro principais empresas do mercado e o número de competidores. Os resultados, embora não conclusivos em virtude da ausência de significância estatística de algumas variáveis explicativas relativas à competição, sugerem no geral que a competição influencia a qualidade de governança corporativa. Em síntese, as análises indicam que quanto menor o grau de competição no mercado de produtos, menor a qualidade de governança corporativa das companhias. A segunda parte investiga se o impacto da qualidade da governança corporativa sobre o desempenho das companhias varia em função do grau de competição no mercado de produtos. No geral, observou-se que a qualidade de governança corporativa afeta positiva e significantemente o desempenho das companhias quando estas operam em setores menos competitivos. Contudo, os resultados não podem ser considerados conclusivos, em função da ausência de significância estatística das variáveis explanatórias principais em todas as regressões. No geral, os resultados da pesquisa contribuem para os pesquisadores da área ao discorrer sobre uma nova variável que pode afetar a definição da estrutura de governança das companhias e que, portanto, pode ser utilizada em modelos estatísticos: a competição no mercado de produtos. A pesquisa também contribui com o debate sobre definições de políticas de governança corporativa pelos órgãos reguladores. . / As a pioneer in Brazil, this dissertation investigates how product market competition (PMC) effects on the corporate governance quality. The analysis frame coincides with the period from 2005 to 2007, with a total sample of 90 companies. The research was divided into two interrelated parts. The first one investigates how PMC variables significantly impact the quality of corporate governance. In order to estimate the corporate governance quality, we used a governance index developed by the Brazilian Corporate Governance Institute. As a proxy for PMC, several measures were used, such as the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, the concentration ratio of the four major companies in the market and the number of competitors. The mean results of these tests, though not conclusive because of the absence of statistical significance for some explanatory variables related to competition, in general suggest that competition influences the quality of corporate governance. In summary, the analysis indicates that companies with low PMC have lower corporate governance quality. The second part investigates if the impact of corporate governance quality on organizational performance varies depending on the degree of PMC. Overall, it was observed that the quality of corporate governance positively and significantly affects organizational performance when they operate in less competitive sectors. However, the results can not be considered conclusive due to the absence of statistical significance for the main explanatory variables in all regressions. Overall, the research results contribute to academicians and practitioners to discuss a new variable that can affect the corporate governance structure definition and therefore can be used in statistical models: product market competition. The research also contributes to the debate on corporate governance and policies development by regulatory agencies.

O presente estudo apresentou os objetivos de: desenvolver lista de indicadores para compor modelo de avaliação de desempenho para as CEs e após verificar sobre o uso e finalidade dos indicadores CEs, na sequência foi verificado sobre a existência de correlação (associação) dos indicadores com as finalidades de tomada de decisão estratégica, monitoramento e controle, educação e aprendizagem, legitimidade e comunicação externa, e por fim foi verificado sobre as finalidades mais relevantes no uso dos indicadores nas CEs. O desenvolvimento metodológico do estudo ocorreu em três etapas, sendo que na primeira e segunda etapa a pesquisa se caracterizou como do tipo exploratória, com dados coletados por meio das técnicas de pesquisa de grupo focal e Delphi e a terceira etapa da pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva e correlacional, com dados coletados por meio de pesquisa Survey. A primeira etapa do estudo iniciou a partir da relação teórica de trinta e quatro indicadores, que por meio da pesquisa de grupo focal junto a cooperativa Creluz foi possível acrescentar outros trinta e três indicadores de uso das CEs. Estes indicadores foram distribuídos nas seguintes dimensões: econômico-financeira, eficiência operacional, pessoas e inovação, qualidade técnica e comercial, satisfação do consumidor, relacionamento com associados e benefícios sociais e ambientais. Na segunda etapa do estudo, os 67 (sessenta e sete) indicadores foram submetidos a apreciação de quinze especialistas em eletrificação por meio da técnica de pesquisa Delphi, tendo em vista selecionar os indicadores mais importantes (privilegiados) para compor um modelo de avaliação de desempenho para as CEs - MADCE. Os especialistas indicaram quarenta e um indicadores para compor o modelo de avaliação de desempenho. Na sequência na terceira etapa do estudo os quarenta e um indicadores do modelo de avaliação, foram submetidos por meio de um instrumento de coleta de dados junto as CEs, tendo em vista: i) verificar sobre o uso e as finalidades de uso dos indicadores pelas diretorias das CEs, ii) verificar sobre o grau de associação/correlação do uso dos indicadores com as finalidades de tomada de decisão estratégica, monitoramento e controle, legitimidade, educação e aprendizagem e comunicação externa, e iii) verificar sobre as finalidades mais relevantes no uso dos indicadores. Os resultados demonstram que os indicadores que compõe o modelo de avaliação são quase sempre e sempre utilizados pelas CEs, com níveis de uso variando de 0,49 a 0,87 de uma escala de zero a um. Os indicadores mais utilizados pelas CEs fazem parte das dimensões que retratam sobre a eficiência operacional, o relacionamento com associados e econômico-financeiros. Quanto às finalidades das informações dos indicadores pelas diretorias, os resultados demonstram que os indicadores possuem os seguintes propósitos: i) para o monitoramento e controle (0,70), ii) para a tomada de decisão estratégica (0,67), iii) para a comunicação externa (0,66), iv) para a legitimidade (0,63) e v) para a educação e aprendizagem (0,62) de uma escala de zero a um. Após verificou-se sobre os graus de correlação (associação) dos indicadores com as finalidades descritas. Os resultados demonstram correlações fortes e positiva dos indicadores (variáveis) com a tomada de decisão estratégica e monitoramento e controle e correlação moderada e positiva com a educação e aprendizagem, legitimidade e comunicação externa. Por fim, foi possível verificar sobre as finalidades mais relevantes em função da frequência do número de correlações fortes. Os resultados demonstram que as finalidades mais relevantes no uso dos indicadores são as seguintes, pela ordem: tomada de decisão estratégica, monitoramento e controle, legitimidade e educação, aprendizagem e comunicação externa. / The present study has the following objectives: develop list of indicators to compose model performance evaluation for ECs and after checking on the use and purpose of the indicators ECs following was found on the correlation (association) with the indicators purposes of strategic decision making, monitoring and control, education and learning, legitimacy and external communication, and ultimately was found on the most important purposes in the use of indicators in ECs. The methodological development of the study occurred in three stages, with the first and second stage of the study was regarded as exploratory type, with data collected by the techniques of focus group research and Delphi and the third stage of the research was descriptive and correlational, with data collected through Survey Research. The first phase of the study started from the theoretical relationship of thirty-four indicators that through focus group research with the cooperative Creluz could add another thirty-three indicators of use of ECs. These indicators were distributed in the following dimensions: economic and financial, operational efficiency, people and innovation, technical and commercial quality, consumer satisfaction, and relationship with associated social and environmental benefits. In the second stage of the study, 67 (sixty seven) indicators underwent assessment of fifteen experts electrification through the Delphi survey technique, in order to select the most important indicators (privileged) to compose a model of performance evaluation for ECs - MADCE. Experts indicated forty-one indicators to compose the model performance evaluation. Following the third stage of the study the forty-one indicators of the evaluation model, submitted by an instrument to collect data from the ECs, in order to: i) check on the use and purpose of use of indicators by boards of ECs, ii) check on the degree of association / correlation of the use of indicators for the purposes of strategic decision making, monitoring and control, legitimacy, education and learning and external communication, and iii) check on the most important purposes in use of indicators. The results demonstrate that the indicators that make up the evaluation model are almost always used by CEs and always with use levels ranging from 0.49 to 0.87 on a scale of zero to one. The indicators used by more ECs are part of the dimensions that portray on operational efficiency, relationships with associates and economic-financial. As for information purposes by the boards of the indicators, the results show that the indicators have the following purposes: i) to monitor and control (0.70), ii) for strategic decision making (0.67), iii) for external communication (0.66), iv) to the legitimacy (0.63) ev) for education and learning (0.62) on a scale from zero to one. After it was found on the degrees of correlation (association) of the indicators for the purposes described. The results show strong correlations and positive indicators (variables) with strategic decision making and monitoring and control and moderate and positive correlation with education and learning, legitimacy and external communication. Finally, it was possible to check on the most relevant purposes depending on the frequency of the number of strong correlations. The results show that the most important purpose in the use of indicators are as follows, in order: strategic decision making, monitoring and control, legitimacy and education, learning and external communication.

Gauging the quality of the relationship between federal managers and employees and its impact on organizational performance excellence is a continuing problem for the federal Office of Personnel Management (OPM). President Barack Obama's President's Management Agenda mandated several actions- to respond to the problem. Part of the mandate was to use data from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) to gauge the relationship between management and employees and overall performance. The FEVS is a tool that measures employees' perceptions of whether, and to what extent, conditions that characterize successful organizations are present in their agencies. The research question for the study was whether differences exist between the employees of higher and lower performing federal agencies as measured by the Engagement Index of the FEVS. The samples were controlled for sex, age, and education. Secondary- data obtained from the OPM 2014 FEVS were obtained for the research.- This quantitative study involved a nonexperimental, correlational, and descriptive research design. Multiple regression analysis determined differences among the dependent variables as portrayed within the high- and low-performing agencies. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic variables. Analysis results of the 2014 FEVS report determined that no difference existed between employees- (n- = 258) from higher and lower performing agencies as measured by the FEVS. The study contributes to positive social change by enabling agencies to determine where managerial changes are necessary for agency performance. Longitudinal studies using the FEVS can contribute to future improvements in federal agencies performance improvements.

Oil and gas industry business leaders who fail to implement adequate talent retention strategies experience reduced profits and sustainability challenges. During the first 2 years following downsizing, 67% of organizations using excuse-based downsizing reflected reduced sales and profitability, and 11% of such organizations experienced financial losses. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful Calgary medium size oil and gas businesses implemented to retain talented employees after downsizing. The population for the study included business leaders of 3 medium oil and gas businesses in Calgary, Canada, who had successfully implemented talented employee retention strategies. Data were collected from interviews with the leaders and from artifacts such as the company websites and social media pages. Inductive analysis was guided by the transformational leadership theory and human capital theory, and trustworthiness of interpretations was bolstered by member checking. Five themes emerged: transformational leadership, training survivors, establishing trust, rewarding and recognizing surviving employees, and competing for survivor employees with other industries. The application of the findings from this study could contribute to positive social change by providing insights for medium oil and gas business leaders on the strategy implementation for talent retention that increases workplace stability and employees supporting their families as well as contributing positively to their communities.

Petroleum-producing companies in Nigeria were forced to increase spending on Nigerian-sourced materials and services from $8 billion to $13 billion since 2010, due to the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act. The act was enacted in 2010 to support local firms and improve the companies' performance. However, there is sparse research on how the act affected the companies' performance. This study was an examination of the impact of the act on the companies' performance. Bandura's social cognitive theory was the theoretical framework. The research questions of this descriptive correlational study were used to examine the act's effect on employee and organizational performance. The independent variable was employees' perception of the level of implementation of the act. The dependent variables were employees' perceived task and perceived organizational business performance. Collection of interval level survey data from 372 full-time employees of the 5 major petroleum-producing companies in Nigeria was possible by anchoring only the ends of the Likert scale with words. The Pearson product-moment correlation results indicated that the independent variable correlated positively with each dependent variable. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the act had a positive effect on the employees' internal competence factor and the organizations' operational performance factor. The results are significant for Nigerian government officials and managers of the companies in understanding the impact of the act on performance. The outcomes have potential implications for positive social change through improved implementation strategies to achieve the objectives of the act. Researchers could focus on examining the impact of the act on employees' internal competence factor in future studies.

Leaders of small businesses need dynamic capabilities created through careful implementation of information technologies (ITs) to enhance efficiency, performance, and output. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies leaders of small businesses used in developing countries to implement ITs for improved business performance. The framework for this study was the technology, organization, and environment model. The sample population consisted of 10 leaders of small businesses located in the Accra region of Ghana. The study participants had at least 5 years of experience working with small businesses that implemented IT. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and review of companies' strategic and project plans. The data analysis process included methodological triangulation, coding, the identification and congregation of themes, and the interpretation of inferences. Five themes emerged: top management support for IT implementation, investment in appropriate IT infrastructures, engaging in appropriate IT knowledge and skills training, creating an organizational culture of IT acceptance, and embracing legal and regulatory frameworks for IT. Findings from this study might assist leaders of small businesses in gaining insights into key IT strategies required for improving small business survivability. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to facilitate employment generation and reduce poverty in developing countries by improving small business performance.

Healthcare administrators have regarded employee motivation and performance as significant factors because of the challenges with employee disengagement, which may decrease patient satisfaction and profitability for healthcare organizations. The number of available jobs within healthcare continues to increase at a high rate, while the total hires within the healthcare industry decreased from 2.9% in December 2014 to 2.7% in January 2015. Motivation in the workplace is a continuous concern for organizational leaders, more specifically for the health care industry. Based on Vroom's expectancy theory, the purpose of this single-case study was to explore the motivational strategies healthcare organizations' leaders could implement to improve the performance of entry-level medical service employees. Data collection consisted of direct observation and semistructured interviews of 4 leaders and 22 entry-level medical service employees at a health care organization in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina. Data analysis included the use of multiple sources of data collection, along with the use of member checking with interview transcripts, which allowed triangulation and verification of the themes derived from the interview data. The 2 main themes revealed were workplace motivation and organizational leadership, which affects employees' performance and organizational effectiveness. Business leaders in organizations may use the findings of this study to increase employee organizational commitment, which could improve the U.S. health care industry turnover rates. Social change implications include the importance of the need for leaders to develop effective motivational strategies for motivating employees.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como propósito analisar o gerenciamento cultural e o impacto no desempenho organizacional de uma organização de 145 anos, com 68 mil funcionários, que representa o maior agente financeiro do Brasil de fomento ao desenvolvimento urbano, nos segmentos de habitação, saneamento e infra-estrutura, na administração de fundos, e em programas e serviços de caráter social. A posição da empresa no mercado nacional e principalmente sua trajetória, passando por uma crise de confiança e resultados, com motivos internos e externos, até a recuperação recente de seus resultados associada ao ambiente do mercado financeiro, vem apresentando constantes alterações, principalmente devido às mudanças no cenário econômico que foi responsável pela significativa mudança organizacional. Neste estudo foi feita uma análise qualitativa de questionários semi-estruturados,discursos presidenciais,e entrevistas individuais, segundo tipologias culturais e modelos propostos por Chow et al. e Gordon. Conclui-se que a organização passou a ter um planejamento estratégico mais voltado para o mercado e seus clientes, reforçando a premissa de que existe uma forte correlação entre cultura, estratégia e desempenho, e evidenciando a importância de algumas variáveis como: processo de comunicação, estrutura de poder e processo decisório no gerenciamento da mudança organizacional. / [en] This dissertation has as objective to analyze the cultural management and the impact on the organizational performance of a 145 year old organization, which with 68.000 employees represents the largest Brazilian financial agent. This organization fosters the urban development in real state, sanitation, infrastructure, funds administration and in social programs and services. The position the company holds in the national market and mainly its history through liability crisis and its results with internal and external reasons until its recent result recovery is associated with the financial market environment. This position has been showing constant alterations mainly due to the financial setting changes that have been responsible for the significant organizational changes. In this study, a qualitative analysis has been done on semi-structured questionnaires, presidential speeches and individual interviews according to cultural and proposed models by Chow and Al Gordon. It has been concluded that the organization has adopted a strategic planning more focused on the market and on the clients emphasizing the idea that there is a strong correlation among culture, strategy and performance and making more evident the importance of some variables such as combination process, power structure and decision process and the management of the organizational changes.