This thesis is covering the Convention of the rights of the child, its consequences and use in pedagogical theory and practice according to the paragraph 42 of this convention. It has three main parts, which are aiming for following the logical consequence of the topic compilation. First part is covering theoretical base of the Convention, starting with its historical development and current state, legal position, institutional arrangement, approaches to the Convention by selected European countries, including analysis of individual articles and it also presents commentary to these articles in connection with legal regulations in Czech Republic and finding the causes and deficiencies of its implementation, observing to it and its fulfilling. Second part is covering the definition of article 42 of the Convention as to the further education of adults as a tool for exercising the rights of children and to other theoretical and practical possibilities of its further efficient dissemination. Third part is related to that as it provides practical exercises, directions and games, how to get children acquainted with the document of the Convention not only during the school, but also within their free-time activities, including the chance for children to take part in the children{\crq}s parliaments or establishing own school self-governments and thus participate on public matters.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2017-08-28T17:50:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Damasio_Tese_IBICT_2017.pdf: 4347272 bytes, checksum: aac9089b91eb4fd2d792540f78444f88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T17:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Damasio_Tese_IBICT_2017.pdf: 4347272 bytes, checksum: aac9089b91eb4fd2d792540f78444f88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / Mudanças no forma de comunicação entre os cientistas ocorreram ao longo dos últimos séculos, mas a publicação em periódicos especializados, já no século XX, tornou-se o formato padrão e central da ciência. Em paralelo ao aumento exponencial da produção em periódicos, observou-se também um aumento no número de casos de má conduta, o que levou a uma série de iniciativas mundiais para auxiliar a elaboração de politicas e a formação de especialistas no tema, também tratado de Integridade em Pesquisa. A despeito da literatura crescente neste tema, ainda há poucos estudos sobre a responsabilização dos diferentes atores, a saber, autores, revisores e editores, em casos de má conduta. Considerando a relevância do tema e a escassez de literatura específica, este estudo parte da seguinte questão: como os editores de revistas científicas, brasileiras e de outros países da América Latina, percebem as diferentes práticas de má conduta no processo editorial? Outras questões mais específicas também direcionaram o estudo: Em que momento do fluxo editorial são identificadas as más condutas? Quais os procedimentos das revistas? As revistas têm políticas editoriais específicas para lidar com a prevenção e detecção de más condutas? Como definem plágio e outras más condutas? Qual a familiaridade dos editores com práticas de má conduta? Qual a responsabilização de autores, revisores e editores? Para responder estas questões, o estudo, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, focou na população de editores de revistas científicas das maiores coleções da Plataforma SciELO, ou seja, Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Colômbia, Cuba e México. Um questionário online foi enviado para os 858 editores-chefes, dos quais 209 retornaram. A análise das respostas utilizou tratamento estatístico para descrever as variáveis extraídas das questões fechadas e também análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin, das questões abertas. Um primeiro conjunto de resultados mostra que 80% dos editores brasileiros e latino americanos indicam que as más condutas raramente ou nunca ocorreram em suas revistas; o momento mais frequente de identificação das más condutas é na análise dos pareceristas e os procedimentos mais frequentes é de rejeitar o artigo. Também identificou-se que a maior parte das revistas participantes do estudo têm políticas específicas de prevenção, mas 36,6% das revistas brasileiras e 24,7% das latino americanas indicaram que não as possuem. Sobre a familiaridade com algumas práticas, o editores brasileiros e latino americanos são mais familiarizados com envio simultâneo de trabalhos, conflitos de interesse e plágio. Sobre o conhecimento sobre plágio, autoplágio e redundância, identificou-se que a maior parte dos editores apresenta a definição uma clássica para estas práticas, ou seja, demonstram conhecimento sobre um conceito do senso comum. Por fim, sobre as responsabilidades nas ocorrências de fabricação, falsificação e plágio, a maior parte dos editores aponta que os autores são totalmente responsáveis, enquanto outros, especialmente os editores latino-americanos, delegam aos revisores esta responsabilidade. O trabalho, que não é exaustivo, teve o objetivo de primeiramente adentrar em temática ainda não explorada e buscar uma melhor compreensão sobre a relação entre questões éticas da comunicação cientifica, o fluxo editorial e os editores, cujas informações, espera-se, possam servir de referência para pesquisas e estudos futuros. / The way scientists communicate has changed over the last few centuries; however publication in specialized journals has become the standard and central format of science since the twentieth century. Parallel to the exponential increase of journals production, there has also been an increase in the number of misconduct cases, which has led to a series of global initiatives to assist with both, policy development and the training of experts on this theme, which is also referred to as Integrity in Research. In spite of the growing literature on this subject, there are still few studies on the accountability of the different actors, that is, authors, reviewers and editors, in misconduct cases. Considering the relevance of such a theme and the scarcity of specific literature, this study starts with the following question: how do the editors of scientific journals from Brazil and other Latin American countries perceive the different misconduct practices in the editorial process? Other more specific questions also directed the present study: at what point in the editorial flow are the misconducts identified? What are the procedures of the magazines? Do magazines have specific editorial policies to deal with the prevention and detection of misconduct? How do they define plagiarism and other misconducts? What is the publishers' familiarity with misconduct practices? What is the responsibility of authors, reviewers and editors? In order to answer such questions, this quantitative qualitative study focused on the population of scientific journals editors of the largest collections of the SciELO Platform, that is, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba and Mexico. An online questionnaire was sent to the 858 chief editors, of which 209 returned. A statistical analysis was carried out to describe the variables extracted from the closed questions, in addition to the content of the open questions, according to Bardin. A first set of the results shows that 80% of Brazilian and Latin American publishers indicate that misconduct has rarely or never occurred in their journal. The analysis of the reviewers is the most frequent moment for identifying the misconducts; rejecting the article is the most frequent procedure. It was also seen that most of the journals participating in the study have specific prevention policies; however 36.6% of the Brazilian journals and 24.7% of the Latin American ones said that they do not. Concerning familiarity with some practices, Brazilian and Latin American publishers are more familiar with the simultaneous submission of papers, conflicts of interest, and plagiarism as well. Considering knowledge on plagiarism, self-plagiarism and redundancy, it was seen that most of the editors have the classic definition for these practices, that is, they show knowledge about a common sense concept. Finally, regarding responsibility for Fabrication, Falsification and Plagiarism, most editors point out that the authors are fully responsible, whereas others, especially Latin American publishers, delegate this responsibility to the reviewers. This non-exhaustive study had as its main purpose to enter into a not yet explored topic, in addition to seek a better understanding on the relationship among the ethical issues of scientific communication, the editorial flow and the editors, whose information is expected to be used for further research and studies.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2015-12-11T17:16:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Carlo Bruzaferro Monti.pdf: 2502180 bytes, checksum: 678f8cd1b6f320299ab6fbb349aae510 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-11T17:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Carlo Bruzaferro Monti.pdf: 2502180 bytes, checksum: 678f8cd1b6f320299ab6fbb349aae510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar de que forma o desempenho da liderança e a importância dos seus papéis podem influenciar a promoção de atividades de inovação organizacionais. Para isso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivos específicos registrar qual a percepção dos gestores quanto à importância e o desempenho dos seus papéis, registrar quais tipos de atividades de inovação são promovidos pelos gestores sob a ótica de cada um dos seus papéis, analisar todas as variáveis de forma cruzada e criar um índice de coerência na promoção das atividades de inovação. A metodologia utilizada é um estudo de caso, com levantamento de informação feito por meio de questionário com perguntas fechadas. Foram feitas análises quanto aos tipos de atividades mais frequentes, aos tipos de atividades por cada papel do gestor, à importância de cada responsabilidade dos gestores, ao desempenho de cada responsabilidade dos gestores e ao desempenho em conjunto com a importância. Por fim, conclui-se que os gestores desta empresa não se comportam exatamente como esperado pela literatura. Este comportamento cria a oportunidade de se propor uma metodologia para que os gestores avaliem periodicamente suas responsabilidades e promovam as atividades de inovação necessárias de modo a maximizar sua coerência. / The aim of this study is to analyze how the performance of leadership and the importance of their roles can influence the promotion of organizational innovation activities. To do this, this research has the following specific objectives: registering the perception of managers on the importance and performance of their roles, record which types of innovation activities are promoted by managers from the perspective of each of their roles, analyze all the variables crosswise and create a consistency index in the promotion of innovation activities. The methodology used is a case study with information from survey through a questionnaire made of closed questions. Analyses were made for the most frequent types of activities, types of activities for each role of the manager, the importance of each one of manager’s responsibilities, the performance of each manager’s responsibilities and the performance together with the importance. Finally, it is concluded that managers of this company do not behave exactly as expected by literature. This behavior creates the opportunity to propose a methodology for managers periodically evaluate their responsibilities and promote the necessary innovation activities in order to maximize their coherence.

Magister Legum - LLM / Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager. / South Africa

Public organisations account for their performance by making annual reports available to the public. While such increased emphasis on performance leads to a greater awareness of annual reports, it also raises the question of whether performance information is relevant and effective for accountability purposes. This qualitative study uses the Critical Realism approach to assess the contribution of performance reports in making municipalities more responsible; and their managers accountable for achieved and failed service delivery targets. Content and thematic analyses are applied to the collected data following case studies on the metropolitan cities of Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg, and Tshwane in Gauteng, South Africa. The findings are that despite poor quality issues in reports, there is no link between performance and accountability. In other words, while performance reports have the capacity to correctly provide actual performance data, they are not used to hold public managers to account. Generally, politicians from underdeveloped countries are elected based on popularity rather than ability, hence they are reluctant to utilise performance reports, instead they tend to keep those public managers who look after their interest despite failures. Therefore, lack of consequences, complex governance systems, and passive citizenry, create a safe zone for both councillors and public managers to remain unaccountable. Further studies are recommended on empowering communities and accountability of councillors to citizens. / Business Management / M. Phil (Accounting Sciences)

This study explored the competency frameworks of nontraditional principal preparation programs to determine how they aligned to research-based best practices for school leaders. The research questions that guided this work were: To what degree are the McREL 21 Leadership Responsibilities addressed in the competency frameworks of nontraditional principal preparation programs? How do the leaders of the nontraditional principal preparation programs view the degree to which their competencies include the McREL 21 Leadership Responsibilities? A multi-case study analysis was conducted that compared the competency frameworks of four nontraditional principal preparation programs. The Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP), New Leaders, New York City Leadership Academy (NYCLA), and Teaching Trust were the nontraditional programs selected for this study. Leaders from the four organizations were interviewed. The findings from the research illustrated that a majority of the McREL 21 Leadership Responsibilities were included in the competency frameworks of nontraditional principal preparation programs. The study revealed that four of the McREL 21 were not included in any of the competency frameworks. Another finding was the lack of focus on talent management and personal dispositions in the McREL 21 Leadership Responsibilities. Nontraditional principal preparation programs are a growing avenue for principal preparation, as such their use of research on principal success was promising.

This study aimed to explore and describe the role perceptions of social workers working with children who have been sentenced to compulsory residence due to being in conflict with the law. Exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research designs were applied in using a qualitative research approach. The researcher collected the data using semi-structured interviews with all the social workers working with children sentenced to compulsory residence at Bosasa Child & Youth Care Centres. The data analysis was done using the eight steps identified by Tesch (in Creswell, 2014:198). The data verification was accomplished using Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1990:214-220). The research study provided valuable conclusions and recommendations to different role-players who have an interest in the role of social workers working with children sentenced to compulsory residence. The findings indicated the importance of regular training for social workers who work with children sentenced to compulsory residence to help children to deal with risk factors that may increase the probability of offences occurring. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science, Social Work)

The world has been facing unprecedented waves of financial crisis due to a number of challenging ethical issues and cultures within organisations, and ethical leadership and decision making amongst other things. Research has been undertaken to study the relationship between ethics and leadership. However, the assessment of interrelationships between specific ethical context dependent and independent variables are yet to be undertaken within a multi-cultural multi-industry context. Independent variables are conceptualised as organisational culture, ethical organisational climate; mediating variables are conceptualised as ethical leadership and decision making, and internal and external workplace pressures. Dependent variables are conceptualised as organisational citizenship behaviour, employee ethical behaviour and conduct, and perceived employee performance. This study examines these dynamics within a conceptual research model using a macro-meso-micro framework and establishes the interrelationships as well as mediating effects on organisational citizenship behaviour, employee ethical behaviour and conduct, and perceived employee performance. Out of an initial sample of 526, a total of 523 participants of varying backgrounds working in ‘large’ organisations across diverse industries in Mauritius (with a population of 2,534 ‘large’ establishments) were subject to empirical study. A quantitative study was performed which employed correlation, multiple regression, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and model fit assessments. The outcomes of the study show that organisational culture and ethical organisational climate (as macro independent variables) jointly influence the dependent variables both directly and indirectly to varying degrees. It was also found that ethical leadership and decision making, and internal and external workplace pressures (as meso variables) have statistically significant mediating effects on the dependent variables of organisation citizenship behaviour and perceived employee performance. The model proved to have a good fit and can be adopted as a guiding model for the business and research communities. The study also helps to better understand the prevailing state of ethical climate, practices, and workplace pressures affecting employees’ ethical stance as well as the key ethics related actions that are critical for implementation as evidenced empirically in Mauritius. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

La scène internationale se caractérise par des relations de diverses natures entre les États. Pourtant, en observant plus attentivement, on se rend compte que cette coopération prend des tournures non linéaires sous le prisme des considérations financières. En effet, le financement est devenu le dénominateur qui façonne les relations interétatiques. Le droit international de l’environnement en général, et le secteur des produits chimiques et des déchets dangereux en particulier, n’échappe pas à ce paradigme. L’essentiel des échanges internationaux a pour trame de fond, l’exploitation des ressources naturelles et le commerce. Or depuis la deuxième et la troisième révolution industrielle, l’homme a appris à extraire et transformer les minerais et à synthétiser de nouvelles molécules pour la fabrication de produits de toute sorte. La surexploitation des ressources naturelles a parallèlement généré des retombées environnementales indésirables en termes de pollution transfrontière et d’atteintes graves sur la santé humaine. Cet état de choses a progressivement conduit à l’adoption d’instruments juridiques internationaux pour en limiter ou éradiquer les effets. C’est dans ce contexte que sont nées les Conventions de Bâle, de Rotterdam, de Stockholm, et récemment, la Convention de Minamata sur le mercure. Ces quatre instruments juridiques forment le système légal dans le secteur des produits chimiques et déchets dangereux. Toutefois, l’efficacité de cet arsenal passe inévitablement par la mise en œuvre de ces conventions. Or force est de constater que les choses ne sont pas aussi faciles dans la pratique. Le principal point d’achoppement réside très souvent dans les questions de financement des surcoûts que leur application entraîne dans les pays en voie de développement. Qui doit payer? La réponse à cette question passe par l’explication et l’interprétation du Principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées et l’analyse de l’efficacité des mécanismes de financement mis en place dans le cadre de chaque convention. Face à ces préoccupations liées au financement, la question qu’on peut se poser est celle de savoir si le régime juridique n’est pas la source du problème. De plus, quel est l'impact des tentatives de restructuration entamées depuis quelques années? Quelles améliorations peuvent être proposées? C’est à cet ensemble de préoccupations que cette thèse apporte des réponses. / The international scene is marked by different types of interstate relationships. However, upon close consideration, this collaboration takes on a non-linear appearance from a financial point of view. In fact, funding has become the common denominator that shapes interstate relationships. International environmental law, as well as the chemical industry - particularly the hazardous waste sector - do not escape this paradigm. The exploitation of natural resources and trade constitute the foundation of this vital area of international exchanges. Since the second and third industrial revolutions, man has learned to extract and transform minerals and synthesize new molecules in order to manufacture of all sorts of products. The overexploitation of natural resources has by the same token led to undesirable environmental impacts in the form of transboundary contamination and severe damage to human health. This state of affairs has gradually led to the adoption of international legal instruments with a view to limiting or eradicating the aforementioned effects. It was within this context that the Basel, Rotterdam, Stockholm and, most recently, the Minamata Convention on Mercury were adopted. These four legal instruments form the legal structure in the chemicals and hazardous waste sector. However, the effectiveness of this arsenal involves the implementation of these conventions. But this is not as easy in practice. The main stumbling block is often the question of financing the additional costs that their implementation entails in developing countries. Who should pay? The answer to this question lies in the explanation and interpretation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the analysis of the effectiveness of the financing mechanisms set up under each convention. In the face of these funding concerns, the question that can be asked is whether the legal regime is not the source of the problem. Moreover, what is the impact of the restructuring attempts initiated in recent years? What improvements can be proposed? It is to this set of concerns that this thesis provides answers.

This study explored factors that influence attitudes towards performance management among staff in the Core Network Field Operation (CNFO) of Telkom Eastern Cape. Performance management concerns achieving organisational goals efficiently and effectively. An observation by a manger that the staff were not performing optimally and were displaying a negative attitude towards performance management, necessitated an objective investigation into the reasons for such attitudes and also to be derivative of a corrective solution. This qualitative study was done in the form of a descriptive open ended survey involving geographically dispersed employees. Factual evidence gathered from the result of the study supports the literature that people have different views of performance management. A direct consequence of the different views could be in the inconsistent application of performance management. Solutions and possible corrective actions to improve employee participation and perception as sought by this study are contained in detail in the report / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)