Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references. / Microfiche. / vi, 96 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’étudier la possibilité d’utiliser la spectrométrie Raman dite "conventionnelle" pour l’analyse, voire le contrôle in situ de solutions ioniques et d'en déterminer les limites. Nous avons étudié différentes solutions salines, composées d'ions polyatomiques comme le nitrate (NO3-) donnant des raies Raman autour de 1000 cm-1, et d'ions halogénures (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) qui ne possèdent pas de signature directe mais influencent de manière indirecte le spectre de l’eau. Les méthodologies proposées dans ce travail permettent une identification et une quantification des solutions salines et sont basées sur des analyses classiques de spectres à l'aide de pré-traitements (normalisation, correction de ligne de base). Les limites de détection des ions étudiés correspondent pour certains ions aux limites de potabilité de l’eau (nitrates et sulfates par exemple). D’autres substances restent impossibles à quantifier (nitrite, ammonium). Des méthodes statistiques ont ensuite été employées. Ainsi, l’analyse en composante principale (ACP) permet d’identifier la nature d’une solution saline, que l’ion présente une signature directe ou indirecte, et d'accéder aux arrangements moléculaires des ions avec l’eau. La régression PLS permet de quantifier les ions en solution à travers des modèles de prédiction. Cette méthode a été utilisée sur des solutions pures de nitrate et de chlorure avec des erreurs sur les prédictions en concentration 4 à 5 fois plus faibles que celles trouvées par les méthodes classiques. Ces méthodes statistiques ont également permis de descendre à des gammes de concentrations en ion Cl- beaucoup plus faibles (10-100 mM) / The objective of this research is to study the possibility of using conventional Raman spectroscopy for analysis, or in situ control of substances dissolved in water and to determine the limits of this technique. Several salt solutions were studied. Polyatomic ions such as nitrate (NO3-) give intense Raman lines around 1000 cm-1. Halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) have no direct signature but indirectly affect the water spectrum. The methodology proposed in this work for identification and quantification of salt solutions is based on classical analysis of spectra using pre-treatment methods (normalization, baseline correction). The limits of detection of the studied ions correspond to the water potability limits. It is possible to go below the potability limits for nitrates and sulfates for example but it is impossible to reach them for some other substances (nitrite, ammonium). Then, statistical methods were used. Thus, the principal component analysis (PCA) allows to identify the nature of a salt solution (with direct or indirect signatures) and to acces to the molecular arrangements of ions with water. PLS regression quantifies the ions through predictive models. This method was used on pure solutions of nitrate and chloride with errors on the concentration predictions 4 to 5 times lower than those found by classical methods. Lower concentration ranges (10-100 mM) for the Cl- ion are reachable using these statistical methods

Syftet har varit att på uppdrag av Periallo identifiera vad kunder tycker är viktigast ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Detta har skett genom att besvara frågorna vad som är viktigt för konsumenterna ur ett säkerhetsperspek-tiv när de handlar av små e-handelsföretag och vilka säkerhetslösningar samt betallösningar som är relevanta för små e-handelsföretag. Vi har även undersökt om det är värt för ett litet e-handelsföretag att investera i en certifiering. Arbetet har kartlagt betallösningar, säkerhetslösningar och certifieringar med hjälp av en kritisk litteraturstudie och med en enkät, det vill säga en kvantitativ metod. Resultatet av undersökningen har visat att de flesta kunderna känner sig trygga när de handlar på Internet. Den säkraste betallösningen anses vara faktura, medan de populäraste betalsätten är konto/kreditkort och direktbetalning. Utöver det har undersökningen också visat att det är viktigare för mindre och okända e-handelsföretag att tydligt visa vilka säkerhetslösningar de använder sig av gentemot de stora och kända företagen trots att de flesta av deltagarna inte var medvetna om vilka säkerhetslösningar som finns för att skydda företag och konsument. / The purpose of this study is, on behalf of Periallo, to identify what it is that customers consider to be of greatest importance from a security perspective. This has been conducted from the answers given by consumers when asked a question concerning what they deem to be important from a security perspective when they shop from small e-commerce companies. In addition, a consideration has also been given to the security and payment solutions that are relevant to small e-commerce companies. An examination has also been conducted as to whether it is worth a small e-commerce company investing in a certification. In this work, payment solutions, security solutions and certifications have been identified by means of a critical literature review and a questionnaire, which is a quantitative method. The results of the study have shown that the majority of customers feel that it is safe to shop online. The most secure payment solution is considered to be an invoice, while the most popular payment methods are debit/credit cards and direct payment. In addition, the study has also shown that it is more important for a small and unknown e-commerce company to properly reflect upon the security solutions that they use against the large and well-known companies, even though, the majority of the participants in this study, were not aware of the security solutions available to protect companies and consumers.

Il existe des nombreuses solutions lisses dans le domaine de la théorie des cordes, caractérisées par une topologie non triviale (bulles) et sans sources localisées. Dans cette thèse nous analysons quelques-unes parmi les solutions les plus importantes avec les différents objectifs pour lesquels ils sont étudiés. Des solutions lisses en onze dimensions peuvent être interprétées comme microétats BPS de trou noir dans le cadre de la Fuzzball proposal. On peut promouvoir ces microétats à être quasi-BPS en plaçant de supertubes au minimum métastable à l’intérieur de ces solutions. Nous montrons que ces minima peuvent abaisser leur énergie lorsque les bulles se déplacent dans certaines directions dans l’espace des modules, ce qui implique que ces microétats quasi-BPS sont en fait instables. L’énergie dissipée par ces solutions correspond au rayonnement Hawking et on compare le taux d’émission et la fréquence à celles du trou noir correspondant. En modifiant la géométrie asymptotique de ces microétats on pourrait construire des microétats pour des trous noirs BPS sans charge électrique en cinq dimensions. Il faut donc trouver une nouvelle solution de supergravité en cinq dimensions dont la norme du vecteur de Killing passe de positive à nulle dans certaines régions. Nous construisons des exemples explicites où la norme du vecteur de Killing supersymétrique est une fonction réelle non-analytique telle que tous ses dérivés sont nulles à un point où le vecteur de Killing devient nul. Dans la solution de Lin-Lunin-Maldacena on trouve un mécanisme pour briser la supersymétrie similaire à celui utilisé pour les microétats quasi-BPS. Nous analysons l’énergie potentielle de branes M2 polarisés en branes M5. Lorsque les charges des M2 sont parallèles à ceux de la solution, nous trouvons des configurations stables. Lorsque les charges des M2 ne sont pas parallèles, nous trouvons des états métastables qui brisent la supersymétrie et nous analysons le processus de rayonnement d’énergie. Nous analysons aussi la solution de Klebanov-Strassler et construisons sa version T- duale dans la supergravité de type IIA. Pour cela une analyse approfondie est nécessaire pour choisir l’isomérie la plus appropriée. Notre construction est la première étape d’un programme pour tester la stabilité des antibranes dans la supergravité de type IIA. / There exist many smooth solutions in String Theory characterized by a nontrivial topology threaded by fluxes and no localized sources. In this thesis we analyze some of the most important bubbled solutions along with the different purposes they are studied for. Some smooth, eleven-dimensional solutions can be interpreted as BPS black hole microstates in the context of the Fuzzball proposal. One can promote these to be microstates for near-BPS black holes by placing probe supertubes at a metastable minimum inside these solutions. We show that these minima can lower their energy when the bubbles move in certain directions in the moduli space, which implies that these near-BPS microstates are in fact unstable. The decay of these solutions corresponds to Hawking radiation and we compare the emission rate and frequency to those of the corresponding black hole. By modifying the asymptotic behavior of these microstates one could be able to construct microstates for five-dimensional BPS black holes with no electric charge. To do so one needs to find a new supergravity solution in five-dimensions whose Killing vector switches from timelike to null in some open regions. We construct explicit examples where the norm of the supersymmetric Killing vector is a real not-everywhere analytic function such that all its derivatives vanish at a point where the Killing vector becomes null. In the Lin-Lunin-Maldacena solution we find a supersymmetry-breaking mechanism similar to that used for near-BPS microstates. We analyze the potential energy of M2 probes polarized into M5 brane shells. When the charges of the probe are parallel to those of the solution we find stable configurations, while when the charges are opposite we find metastable states that break supersymmetry and analyze the decay process to supersymmetric configurations. We analyze also the Klebanov-Strassler solution and construct its T-dual version in Type IIA. This is done by just reconstructing the solution expanded on a small region of the deformed conifold, after a thorough analysis to choose the most suitable isometry. Our construction is the first step in a program to test the stability of antibranes in Type IIA backgrounds.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This master thesis is focused on energy audit of a civil building in regards of the state legislati-on. The purpose of this energy audit is to compare energy properties of this civil building and also to design at least two variations of energy savíng solutions. These solutions are designed regarding an economic and ecological focus of the audit and the variations of energy savings.

Lindningsstationen på ABB Power Transformers i Ludvika är idag styrd med fotpedal, som på senare år fått stor kritik kring dess ergonomiska utformning och risk för belastningsskador. I en studie år 2011 testades ett system med röststyrning som bemöttes positivt inom det ergonomiska perspektivet, men negativt inom dess prestanda och bristande säkerhetsklassning. Strax efteråt lades konceptet på is, till vilket företaget nu villee se vart tekniken kring röststyrning och assisterande lösningar ligger idag. Syftet med denna rapport är att skapa ett jämförande underlag för vidare investeringsbeslut av olika lösningar relaterade till industriell röststyrning och assisterande lösningar, vilket inkluderar hur de kan appliceras på den nuvarande lindningsmaskinen. Genom en litteraturstudie och intervjuer skapades 1) en lista med dem kundbehov som lösningen skulle uppfylla samt en lista med kundbehov som lösningen var tvungen att uppfylla samt 2) produktkrav som en trådlös nödstoppslösning var tvungen att följa. Dessa ingångsparametrar användes sedan i en marknadsundersökning där olika företag och system kring röststyrning, assisterande lösningar och nödstopp jämfördes.,  där tre Tre förslag på röststyrning och två nödstopp gick vidare för analys kring konceptuell implementering. Slutsatsen av arbetet blev att tekniken kring industriell röststyrning fortfarande är i en utvecklande fas, där en lösning idag kräver en kombination av flera mindre komponenter. De nödstoppslösningar som identifierades kan dock inköpas och implementeras idag. Om företaget väljer att investera i en lösning inom en snar framtid, rekommenderas en uppgradering av den tidigare lösningens hårdvara från Honeywell. Är företaget villiga att lägga lite mer tid och resurser på lösningen rekommenderas Voice INTER Connect:s lösning. Alternativt avvakta tills ITSpeex kan erbjuda en fullständig lösning. / The winding station at ABB Power Transformers in Ludvika is today controlled using a foot pedal, which in recent years has received a lot of criticism for its poor ergonomic design and risk for repetitive strain injuries. In a study performed in 2011, a voice control system was tested, and positively received from an ergonomic perspective, but negatively when it came to both performance and proper safety. Shortly afterwards, the concept was put on hold, to which the company now wants to see where the technology surrounding voice control and assistive solutions are today. The purpose of this report is to create a comparative foundation for future investment decisions, about different solutions related to industrial voice control and assistive solutions, which includes how the solutions are applied at the current winding station. Through a literature study and interviews,1) a list of customer needs was made, which the voice solution had to fulfill, and 2) product requirements which the wireless emergency stop had to follow. These were later used in a market research where different companies and systems involving voice control, assistive solutions and emergency stops were compared. Three proposals for voice control and two for emergency stop moved on to further analysis about conceptual implementation. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the industrial voice control technology is still under development, where a contemporary solution requires a combination of several smaller components. The identified emergency stops solutions can, however, be purchased and installed today. If the company chooses to invest in a solution within the near future, an upgrade of the previous solution from Honeywell is recommended. With time and resources available, a solution from Voice INTER Connect is the one to pick. Alternatively hold off until ITSpeex can offer a complete solution.

A method for measurement of crystallization induction time periods using a spectrophotometer is described. The turbidity of lysozyme solutions at sodium chloride concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% (w/v) in 0.1 M NaAc (pH 4.0) and a lysozyme concentration of 10mg/ml was monitored at 350nm and showed a dramatic increase after nucleation occurred. Heterogeneous sources of nucleation were removed via filtration with 100,000 and 500,000 MWCO filters. Larger pore size, 0.2μm, filters were not able to remove these particles. The non-filtered and 0.2μm filtered had the same turbidity profiles except that the 0.2μm filtered had an induction time of 152min compared with the 119min induction time for the non-filtered solution. The 500,000 MWCO filter had a significant reduction in the formation of prenucleation aggregates and the induction time increased from 119min for non-filtered to 178min for the 500,000 MWCO filtered. Also, when the 100,000 MWCO filter was used there was no nucleation or crystallization over the 240min time frame. The increase in turbidity was attributed to an increase in particle size and not to bacterial growth because the solutions were found to be free of bacteria or fungi by microbiological analysis. Results from hanging drop vapor diffusion crystallization on the same solutions used in the turbidity study indicate that the sources removed by filtration lead to nucleation. Finally, sodium azide was added to the solutions at a concentrations of 0.17% (w/w) and was found to interfere with or delay lysozyme nucleation.

No description available.