Os vasos de fino calibre apresentam maior risco para reestenose e revascularização da lesão alvo. Limitações relacionadas com a navegabilidade dos sistemas de dilatação por balão e menor capacidade de acomodação da neoíntima podem contribuir para isto. O stent autoexpansível de nitinol Sparrow® dedicado a vaso de calibre < 2,75 mm, resultou num conjunto com perfil de um fio-guia 0,014\". Testado na forma de stent de metal puro no estudo CARE I, revelou-se seguro e eficaz em vasos de fino calibre. Este estudo avaliou, de forma pioneira, o despenho de um stent autoexpansível farmacológico neste cenário. O objetivo primário foi comparar a perda luminal tardia no vaso-alvo pela angiografia coronária quantitativa ao final de oito meses, entre os stents Sparrow® farmacológico e não farmacológico, em coronárias com diâmetro de referência < 2,75 mm. Casuística e métodos: Os pacientes foram randomizados de forma prospectiva em dois grupos para procedimento de angioplastia: um grupo com o emprego o stent Sparrow® farmacológico (sirolimus), e ou outro grupo com o stent Sparrow® na versão não farmacológica. Análise pela angiografia coronária quantitativa foi realizada imediatamente antes e após o procedimento e aos oito meses, com seguimento clínico de 24 meses. Foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS Statistics® para análise estatística e foi considerado nível de significância de 5% e poder de 80% para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra. Resultados: 24 pacientes foram randomizados, 12 no grupo com stent farmacológico Sparrow® e 12 no grupo com a versão não farmacológica. Na avaliação angiográfica aos oito meses verificou-se significativa redução de perda luminal tardia no grupo com o stent farmacológico Sparrow® em comparação com grupo com a versão não farmacológica (0,25 + 0,16 mm versus 0,97 + 0,76 mm, p = 0,008, IC 95% de -1,19 ; -0,22). No seguimento clínico de 12 meses, não foram observados eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (morte, infarto ou necessidade de revascularização do vaso alvo) no grupo com stent farmacológico. Não ocorreu trombose intrastent. Conclusão: Em pacientes submetidos à angioplastia transluminal percutânea em artérias coronárias com diâmetro de referência < 2,75 mm, o emprego do stent farmacológico autoexpansível Sparrow®, em comparação com a versão não farmacológica do mesmo stent, resultou em significativa redução de perda luminal tardia, sem ocorrência de eventos clínicos que deponham contra a segurança do dispositivo pesquisado. / Small vessels represent a group with high risk for restenosis and target lesion revascularization. Limitations associated with navigability of balloon dilation systems and less accommodating of the neointima may contribute to this. The self-expanding Sparrow® stent system dedicated to the vessel size <2.75 mm resulted in a profile similar to a 0.014\" guide wire angioplasty. Tested as bare metal stent in the CARE trial I, the Sparrow® stent system has proved to be safe and effective in small vessels. This study evaluated, for the first time, the performance of a self-expanding drug eluting stent in this scenario. The primary objective was to compare the in-stent late lumen loss by quantitative coronary angiography at the end of eight months between the Sparrow® drug-elutig stent and Sparrow® bare metal stent in coronary arteries with reference diameter <=2.75 mm. Materials and methods: Patients were prospectively randomized (1:1) Analysis by quantitative coronary angiography was performed immediately before and after the procedure and at eight months with clinical follow-up to 12 months. We used the IBM® SPSS for statistical analysis and was considered a significance level of 5% and 80% power for the calculation of sample size. Results: 24 patients were randomized, 12 in each group. At Eight months follow-up there was significant reduction in late lumen loss in the Sparrow® drug-eluting stent group compared to the Sparrow® bare metal stent group (0.25 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.97 + 0.76 mm, p = 0.008, 95% CI -1.19 to -0.22). Up to 12 months of clinical follow-up there no cases of death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization Of note, there was no stent thrombosis. Conclusion: In patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in coronary arteries with reference diameter <= 2.75 mm, the use of Sparrow® drug-eluting stent, compared to the Sparrow® bare metal stent, resulted in significant less late loss without occurrence of clinical events that weigh against the security of device.

A Artéria de Adamkiewicz é a maior artéria radiculomedular anterior que alcança a artéria espinal anterior, sendo responsável pelo suprimento sanguíneo de até dois terços distais da medula espinal. Uma lesão desta artéria durante um procedimento cirúrgico implica em graves complicações como paresia de membros inferiores e também paraplegia, muitas vezes de caráter definitivo, podendo acontecer durante a realização do tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas toracoabdominais e patologias da coluna vertebral. Geralmente a artéria de Adamkiewicz está localizada entre a oitava vértebra torácica e a primeira lombar. Os exames de angiotomografia computadorizada da medula espinal e angioressonância magnética são métodos seguros, não invasivos e amplamente utilizados para identificá-la. Esta investigação teve como objetivo avaliar a Artéria de Adamkiewicz através da Angiotomografia Computadorizada Coronariana de Múltiplos Detectores acoplado ao Eletrocardiograma. Por meio de estudo prospectivo, foram analisados 86 exames de angiotomografia coronariana. Os exames foram analisados por dois investigadores independentes e a confiabilidade inter e intraobservador das variáveis nível de origem e lado de entrada foi avaliada. Os resultados evidenciaram uma taxa de identificação da artéria de Adamkiewicz em 71 (82,5%) exames. O nível de origem foi identificado entre T9 e T11 em 56 (79,2%) exames. Em relação ao lado, em 65 (91,5%) pacientes o lado de entrada foi o lado esquerdo. O exame de angiotomografia computadorizada coronariana de Múltiplos Detectores acoplado ao Eletrocardiograma mostrou taxas de identificação da artéria de Adamkiewicz semelhantes aos encontrados nos exames de angiografia, angiotomografia computadorizada e angioressonância da medula espinal / The Adamkiewicz artery is the most important radiculomedular artery that reaches the anterior spinal artery and is responsible for blood supply to distal two thirds of the spinal cord. An injury to this artery during a surgical procedure involves serious complications such as paresis of lower limbs and also paraplegia, often permanently, which may happen during the surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms and pathologies of the spine. Usually the Adamkiewicz artery is located between the eighth thoracic vertebra and the first lumbar. Computed tomography angiography scans and spinal magnetic resonance angiography are safe methods, non-invasive and widely used to identify it. This research aimed to evaluate the artery of Adamkiewicz by Computed Coronary Tomography Angiography with multiple detectors coupled to Electrocardiogram. In a prospective study, we analyzed 86 exams of Computed Coronary Tomography Angiography. The exams were analyzed by two independent researchers and the inter and intraobserver reliability of the variables source level and entrance side was evaluated. The results showed an identification rate of Adamkiewicz artery in 71 (82.5%) examinations. The level of origin was identified between T9 and T11 in 56 (79.2%) examinations. In relation to the side, in 65 (91.5%) patients had the entrance side on the left side. Adamkiewicz artery evaluation by Angiotomography Coronary Computed with Multiple detectors coupled to Electrocardiogram showed Adamkiewicz artery identification rates similar to those found in angiography examinations, computadorized tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of the spinal cord

Objetivo: Determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da pesquisa do nistagmo de privação vertebrobasilar (PNPVB), Angiorressonância magnética (AngioRM), investigação ultrassonográfica cervical e Doppler transcraniano (DTC) em pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de insuficiência vertebrobasilar (IVB). Método: o estudo foi aprovado pela comissão de ética local. Os participantes deram consentimento formal. Foi formado grupo de estudo (GE) e grupo controle (GC) com 12 sujeitos em cada, pareados por sexo e idade, sendo 4 masculinos e 8 femininos, com média de idade de 72,66 (±8.35 anos). Os doentes foram selecionados do Ambulatório de Otoneurologia do HC-FMUSP com idade acima de 55 anos, sem outra provável causa de tonturas. Voluntários assintomáticos do Grupo de Apoio Multidisciplinar ao Idoso Ambulatorial (GAMIA) formaram o GC. Todos os participantes realizaram avaliação cardiogeriátrica para excluir qualquer doença de base que pudesse ser a causa da tontura, que não a IVB. Assim, os dois grupos realizaram a PNPVB, a AngioRM, a avaliação ultrassonográfica cervical e DTC. Resultados: PNPVB, AngioRM e avaliação ultrassonográfica cervical não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. No DTC, foram detectadas diferenças significantes em cinco variáveis: velocidade do pico sistólico da artéria cerebral média direita (ponto de corte em 76,00; sensibilidade de 0,83; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,012), velocidade diastólica final da artéria basilar (ponto de corte em 24,00; sensibilidade de 0,66; especificidade de 0,66; p=0,028), índice de pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria cerebral média esquerda (ponto de corte em 0,85; sensibilidade de 0,83; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,005), IP da artéria cerebral média direita (ponto de corte em 0,88; sensibilidade de 0,75; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,010), IP da artéria basilar (ponto de corte em 1,01; sensibilidade de 0,91; especificidade de 0,91; p < 0,001). Considerando-se o IP da artéria basilar, calculou-se o poder estatístico para uma amostra com 12 sujeitos em cada grupo, sendo > 95%. Conclusão: a PNPVB e a AngioRM não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. O DTC mostrou sensibilidade de 91% e especificidade de 91% para o diagnóstico da IVB relacionada à tontura, quando o IP da artéria basilar for maior que 1,01 / Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the vertebro-basilar deprivation nystagmus (VBDN), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), cervical ultrasonographic investigation and Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TDU) in patients with clinical diagnosis of vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). Methods: The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. The patients gave formal consent for participating in this study. We composed 2 groups: a study group (SG) and a control group (CG), comprised of 12 patients each, with sex- and age-matched patients (4 men and 8 women). Their mean age was 72.66 (±8.35) years. The study group included patients from the neurotology outpatient clinic of the HC-FMUSP who were over 55 years old, without any other possible cause for dizziness than VBI. Asymptomatic volunteers from the geriatrics outpatient clinic were included in the CG. All participants were subjected to evaluation of a cardio-geriatric professional, to exclude any subjacent disease that could cause dizziness other than VBI. Then, both groups were subjected to VBDN, MRA, cervical ultrasonographic investigation and TDU. Results: The VBDN, MRA and cervical ultrasonographic investigation did not demonstrate differences between the groups. The TDU demonstrated that the systolic pulse velocity of the right middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.83, specificity=0.75; p=0.028), final diastolic velocity of the basilar artery (sensitivity=0.66; specificity=0.66; p=0.028), pulsatility index (PI) of the left middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.83; specificity=0.75; p=0,005), PI of the right middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.75; specificity=0.75; p=0.010), and the PI of the basilar artery (sensitivity=0.91; specificity=0.91; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the diseased group compared to controls. Considering the PI of the basilar artery, we observed that the statistic power of the test was higher than 95%. Conclusion: The VBDN, MRA and cervical ultrasonographic investigation did not demonstrate significant changes in patients with VBI compared to controls. The PI of the basilar artery, measured using the TDU, demonstrated high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (91%) levels in the diagnosis of VBI when the PI was higher than 1.01

Orientador: Donizeti Cesar Honorato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kaleff_PauloRoland_D.pdf: 1126011 bytes, checksum: 23cb0c05a54790e4896ebd16d8754941 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A angiotomografia cerebral 3D (ATC) passou a ser uma alternativa à angiografia por subtração digital (ASD) para a detecção dos aneurismas intracranianos. As recomendações atuais para a hemorragia subaracnóidea aguda (HSA) secundária à ruptura de aneurismas intracranianos incluem o tratamento definitivo precoce. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi o de avaliar a contribuição da ATC para a diminuição do tempo entre o diagnóstico da HSA e o diagnóstico do aneurisma, bem como para a diminuição do tempo entre a admissão do paciente e a exclusão do aneurisma, quando comparada com a ASD. Como objetivo secundário buscou-se comparar a sensibilidade de ambos os métodos diagnósticos, comparar os resultados clínicos de dois grupos de pacientes diagnosticados pala ATC e/ou pela ASD e avaliar a contribuição da ATC na abordagem cirúrgica aos hematomas secundários à ruptura de aneurismas intracranianos. Uma análise retrospectiva foi conduzida cobrindo 100 pacientes admitidos com HSA e diagnosticados para aneurisma via ATC (n=60) ou via ASD (n=40). Os dados coletados foram divididos de acordo com o método diagnóstico utilizado inicialmente para a detecção do aneurisma. Os tempos transcorridos entre o diagnostico da HSA e o diagnóstico do aneurisma foi consistentemente inferior para os pacientes submetidos à ATC (p<0.000005). Em relação ao tempo transcorrido entre a admissão e o tratamento definitivo, 70% das ocorrências para pacientes submetidos à ATC ficaram abaixo de 72 horas enquanto 60% das ocorrências para pacientes submetidos à ASD excederam 72 horas (p<0.003). A sensibilidade da ATC para aneurismas rotos foi de 0, 967 e para todos os aneurismas de 0, 931. A maioria dos casos submetidos à ATC antes da drenagem do hematoma teve o aneurisma tratado no mesmo procedimento cirúrgico. A ATC contribuiu para a redução do tempo entre o diagnóstico da HSA e o diagnóstico do aneurisma, bem como para a redução do tempo entre a admissão e o tratamento definitivo do aneurisma. A sensibilidade dos métodos foi equivalente, especialmente para os aneurismas rotos, em exames tecnicamente satisfatórios. Nos casos de hematomas secundários à ruptura de aneurismas intracranianos, a realização da ATC previamente à abordagem cirúrgica contribuiu para o tratamento definitivo do aneurisma no mesmo procedimento cirúrgico da drenagem do hematoma / Abstract: Due to its technical advancements, 3D cerebral computed tomography angiography (CTA) is increasingly being considered as an alternative to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of intracranial aneurysms. Actual guidelines for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) recommend early definitive treatment. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CTA in shortening of time span between the diagnosis of the aSAH and the diagnosis of the aneurysm, as well as the shortening of time span between admission and definitive aneurysm treatment, when compared to DSA. As secondary goals we aimed at comparing the sensitivity of both methods, at comparing the clinical results between two studied patient groups diagnosed by CTA and/or by DSA and at evaluating the contribution of CTA to the surgical approach to intracranial hematomas secondary to aneurysm rupture. A retrospective analysis was performed covering 100 patients admitted with aSAH and diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms either by CTA (n=60) or by DSA (n=40). The data collected for both groups were separated according to the method used for the initial diagnosis of the aneurysm. The time spans between the diagnosis of the aSAH and the diagnosis of the aneurism were consistently smaller for CTA patients than for DSA patients (p<0.000005). Regarding the time spans between the admission and the final treatment, 70% of the outcomes for CTA patients remained below 72 hours and 60% of the outcomes for the DSA group exceeded 72 hours (p<0.003). The sensitivity for ruptured aneurysms was 0,967 and for all aneurysms 0,931. In the majority of cases where a CTA was performed previously to the hematoma evacuation the aneurysm could be treated in the same surgical procedure. CTA contributed to the shortening of the time elapsed between the diagnosis of the aSAH and the diagnosis of the aneurysm, as well as to the shortening of the time elapsed between admission and definitive treatment. The sensitivity of the methods was equivalent, especially for ruptured aneurysms, in technically satisfactory CTA. The use of CTA did not have a negative impact in the clinical outcome or the treatment. CTA performed previously to hematoma evacuation contributed to the definitive treatment of the aneurism in the same surgical approach / Doutorado / Neurologia / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

This thesis presents tests and discussions evaluating different methods for doing automatic or semi automatic blood vessel segmentation on single CT data volumes of the head and neck. The two approaches being closest to accomplish this are a bone subtracting registration process, and a more advanced region growing combined with morphology.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze angiographic findings and the presence and topography of cerebral ischemic and/or hemorrhagic lesions in cerebral CT or MRI, and to assess the long-term clinical outcome of a series of 136 consecutive cervicocephalic artery dissection (CCAD) patients. Pulsatile tinnitus was evaluated as a symptom of CCAD. Medical records and films were reviewed retrospectively. Irregular stenosis was found in angiography in 50% and occlusion in 33% of the dissected cervicocephalic arteries. Irregular stenosis normalized in 81% and occlusion recanalized in 34%. Other findings, such as pseudoaneurysms, intimal flaps, double lumens, and irregular dilatations were rare and often remained unchanged in follow-up. Pulsatile tinnitus was a presenting symptom in 12% of the CCAD patients, but the majority of patients had concomitant head or neck pain, ischemic brain symptoms, Horner's syndrome, or cranial neuropathies. Of the 131 patients who underwent brain imaging, 73 (56%) had signs of infarction in cerebral CT or MRI. Occlusion of the dissected vessel was accompanied by infarction in 76%, irregular stenosis in 40%, and other findings only rarely. Of the anterior circulation infarctions, 95% (39/41) were territorial, subcortical, or territorial infarctions with fragmentation and could thus be considered embolic. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in CT in 5 of the 22 patients (23%) with intracranial dissection. The patient's long-term clinical outcome was assessed using two methods: a classification into categories based on neurological symptoms and defects and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Of the 136 CCAD patients, 60% recovered with no or mild disability and 79% scored 0–2 on mRS. In the case of dissection of one or more cervicocephalic arteries without occlusion, the figures were 75% and 89%. In the case of occlusive dissection of one or more arteries, only about 35% of the patients recovered well, having no or mild disability, and 61% scored 0–2 on mRS. No significant differences were seen in recovery after intra- and extracranial dissections. In conclusion: irregular stenosis, which is the most common angiographic finding in CCAD, is associated with brain infarction less frequently than occlusion, and the long-term clinical outcome is good in most cases. Occlusion of the dissected vessel causes more brain infarctions, and only about 35% of the patients recover well, having no or mild disability. More than 10% of CCAD patients have pulsatile tinnitus as a presenting, and sometimes the only symptom.

L’imagerie cardiovasculaire du rongeur par RMN est un véritable défi en ce qui concerne la résolution spatiale et temporelle, le contraste et le temps d’expérience. S’il est aujourd’hui admis que l’acquisition 3D doit être privilégiée chez le petit animal, les temps d’acquisition en 3D sont parfois très longs. Ils doivent pourtant rester compatibles avec les temps d’expérience in vivo. L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de développer de nouvelles méthodes d’imagerie cardiovasculaire 3D rapides pour le petit animal à 4.7 et 9.4 T. Tout d’abord, nous avons développé deux méthodes d’IRM cardiaque 4D (3D résolue dans le temps) à contraste «sang noir». La première méthode est basée sur une séquence TrueFISP (Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession). Elle a permis d’obtenir le contraste sang noir en une heure d’acquisition. La deuxième méthode est basée sur une séquence FLASH (Fast Low Angle Shot). Elle utilise un gradient bipolaire pour supprimer le signal sanguin et le contraste a été rehaussé en Manganèse. Trente minutes d’acquisition ont alors été suffisantes. Ensuite, une méthode d’angiographie temps-de-vol 3D du corps entier de la souris a été développée. Le contraste vasculaire a été amélioré grâce à l’adjonction de motifs de suppression du signal tissulaire. L’imagerie de l’arbre vasculaire entier a pu être réalisé en moins de 10 minutes. Enfin, une nouvelle méthode d’angiographie fonctionnelle ciné temps-de-vol 4D utilisant une acquisition écho-planar a été développée. Les résultats préliminaires montrent qu’il est possible de diviser par quatre les temps d’acquisition de l’angiographie fonctionnelle classique. Tous ces résultats montrent que l’imagerie cardiovasculaire 3D haute résolution est possible dans des temps d’acquisition raisonnables voire rapides / Cardiovascular MRI in rodents is a real challenge in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, contrast and experiment times. Though it is accepted that 3D acquisition should be preferred in small animals, 3D acquisition times can be very long. However, they must remain compatible with in vivo experiment times. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop new fast 3D methods of cardiovascular imaging in small animals at 4.7 and 9.4 T. First, two 4D cardiac MRI methods (3D time resolved) were developed in «black-blood» contrast. The first method is based on a TrueFISP sequence (Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession). It allowed to make black blood contrast in one hour acquisition time. The second method is based on a FLASH sequence (Fast Low Angle Shot). It uses a bipolar gradient to suppress the blood signal and the contrast was enhanced by using Manganese. Thirty minutes were then enough. Next, a time-of-flight angiography method for the whole body of mice was developed. The vascular contrast was improved by adding preparation modules to suppress the signal from tissues. The imaging of the whole arterial tree was realized within less than ten minutes. Finally, a new 4D time-of-flight method of functional cine angiography with echo-planar acquisition was developed. Preliminary results showed that acquisition times could be divided by four compared with those in classical functional angiography. All these results show that high resolution 3D cardiovascular imaging is possible in reasonable or even fast acquisition times.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-25T12:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Islane Cristina Martins.pdf: 2501962 bytes, checksum: f8da8fe4623e40c91559079d260f0d75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T12:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Islane Cristina Martins.pdf: 2501962 bytes, checksum: f8da8fe4623e40c91559079d260f0d75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / FACEPE / O círculo arterial cerebral é um polígono anastomótico na base do encéfalo que comunica o sistema carotídeo com o sistema vértebro-basilar e as carótidas entre si. Há muitas variações morfológicas nesse polígono e possíveis diferenças entre os sexos, particularmente no segmento A1 da artéria cerebral anterior e na origem da artéria cerebral posterior (ACP). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar comparativamente a frequência de hipoplasia do segmento A1 e do padrão fetal da artéria cerebral posterior no homem e na mulher. Foram analisadas retrospectivamente 848 angiografias por ressonância magnética arterial, em 426 homens e 422 mulheres, respectivamente, que se submeteram ao exame no Centro de Diagnóstico Multimagem. Os exames foram escolhidos aleatoriamente entre 1.000 angiorressonância realizadas entre 2010 e 2016, independente do motivo da solicitação médica. Hipoplasia do segmento A1 foi definido por analise qualitativa, quando havia uma nítida assimetria entre os dois segmentos A1 direito e esquerdo bem como o padrão fetal da artéria cerebral posterior. Para análise de hipoplasia foram medidos os diâmetros dos segmentos A1. Para análise do padrão fetal (diâmetro da ACP na origem da artéria carótida>diâmetro do segmento P1) foram analisadas 1.296 artérias carótidas em 648 indivíduos. Na análise estatística utilizouse o teste exato de Fisher. Os homens 152/326 (46,6%) apresentaram hipoplasia de A1 em comparação com 108/322 (33,5%) das mulheres (p<0,01, OR=1,7; IC95% 1,3-2,4). A hipoplasia de A1 nos homens foi mais frequente a direita (20% vs. 15%, p<0,01). O padrão fetal foi mais comum nas mulheres 151/644 (23,4%) do que em homens, 100/652 (15,3%) (p<0,001, OR=1,7; IC95% 1,3-2,2). As mulheres também apresentam mais padrão fetal bilateral do que os homens (8,0% vs. 3,4%; p<0,01; OR=0,4; IC 0,2-0,8). A hipoplasia do segmento A1 da artéria cerebral anterior é mais frequente nos homens e nas mulheres há uma maior frequência do padrão fetal da artéria cerebral posterior. / The Circle of Willis is an anastomotic polygon encephalon base that communicates the carotid system with vertebrobasilar system and carotid each other. There are lots of morphological variations that polygon and possible differences between genders particularly in the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and the origin of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) which are risk factors for anatomical brain aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the frequency of hypoplasia of the segment A1 and fetal type of cerebral posterior artery in man and woman. It was retrospectively reviewed 648 magnetic resonance angiographies in 326 men and 322 women, respectively. The tests were randomly chosen among about a thousand magnetic resonance angiographic performed between 2010 and 2016 in Multimagem Diagnostic Center, regardless of the medical reason request. Hypoplasia of the A1 segment was defined by qualitative analysis, when there was a clear asymmetry between the two segments A1, right and left. For hypoplasia analysis were also measured diameters of segments A1. For hypoplasia analysis were also measured diameters of segments A1. For analysis of the fetal type (diameter of the ACP origin of the carotid artery> diameter of the P1 segment of the ACP) were analyzed 1,296 carotid arteries (right and left) in 648 individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. In men 152/326 (46.6%) showed hypoplasia A1 compared to 108/322 (33.5%) of women (p <0.01, OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2, 4). Hypoplasia A1 was more common in men right (20% vs. 15%, p <0.01). Fetal type was more common in women 151/644 (23.4%) than in men (100/652; 15.3%) (p <0.001, OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2, two). Women also have more bilateral fetal rate than men (8.0% vs. 3.4%; p <0.01). In conclusion, hypoplasia of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery is more common in men and in women there is a greater frequency of fetal type of the posterior cerebral artery. Keywords: Circle of Willis

INTRODUÇÃO: A cineangiocoronariografia é um procedimento médico invasivo que envolve sentimentos de medo e ansiedade. Estudos internacionais têm avaliado o efeito da música como técnica de intervenção para redução da ansiedade utilizando-a antes, durante e depois da cineangiocoronariografia. Contudo, os resultados de sua aplicação durante o procedimento não são consensuais. OBJETIVO: A proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da música, aplicada durante a realização do procedimento, na ansiedade de pacientes submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia pela primeira vez. MÉTODOS: Os desfechos estudados foram o nível de ansiedade medido pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Beck, a frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial, ambas medidas pelo método intra-arterial. Participaram do estudo 300 pacientes randomizados entre o grupo controle (procedimento padrão) ou grupo música (cineangiocoronariografia realizada com a intervenção musical). Foi realizado o cegamento da pesquisadora durante toda a coleta e análise estatística dos dados. RESULTADOS: Os grupos eram semelhantes em relação às características de base, bem como dados sobre os hábitos musicais dos pacientes e dados da cineangiocoronariografia. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos controle e música para todos os desfechos estudados: nível de ansiedade (p=0,072), pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,379), pressão arterial diastólica (p=0,152) e frequência cardíaca (p=0,853). Notou-se também que, mesmo antes da realização do procedimento, 80,9% do grupo controle e 76,9% do grupo música já apresentavam o menor nível de ansiedade (mínima). As mulheres mostraram-se mais ansiosas do que os homens (p=0,000 pré-exame e p=0,022 pós-exame). Não houve relação na comparação entre ansiedade e diferentes faixas etárias (p=0,352 pré-exame, p=0,198 pós-exame). CONCLUSÃO: A música aplicada no presente estudo durante a cineangiocoronariografia não se mostrou efetiva na redução dos níveis de ansiedade, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca dos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento pela primeira vez. Constatou-se também que as mulheres são mais ansiosas do que os homens e que não houve relação entre o nível de ansiedade e faixas etárias / BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography is an invasive medical procedure that involves feelings of fear and anxiety. International studies have evaluated the effects of music intervention to reduce anxiety by using it before, during and after coronary angiography. However, the results of this strategy are not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of music, employed during the procedure, on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography for the first time. METHODS: Outcomes were anxiety level measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, heart rate and blood pressure, both measured by intra-arterial method. The study included 300 patients randomized between the control group (standard procedure) or music group (standard procedure with a music intervention). The researcher was blinded throughout the data collection and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Baseline variables were adequatly balanced between both groups, as well as data on musical habits and coronary angiography. No differences were observed between the control group and music group in any of the outcomes: level of anxiety (p = 0.072), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.379), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.152) and heart rate (p = 0.853). It was also noted that even before the procedure, 80.9% of the control group and 76.9% of the music group had low level of anxiety. Women were more anxious than men (p = 0.000 pre-test and p = 0.022 post-test). No relationship was found between anxiety and age (p = 0.352 pre-test, p = 0.198 post-test). CONCLUSION: The music used in this study during coronary angiography was not effective in reducing anxiety levels, blood pressure or heart rate in patients undergoing the procedure for the first time. It was also found that women are more anxious than men and that there was no relationship between anxiety levels and age

A angiografia coronariana por tomografia computadorizada (ACTC) é um exame bem estabelecido no diagnóstico da doença arterial coronariana. Entretanto, segmentos coronarianos submetidos a implante de stent podem apresentar limitação na avaliação luminal. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o valor adicional da perfusão miocárdica por tomografia computadorizada (PMTC) à avaliação anatômica isolada pela ACTC em portadores de stent, tendo o cateterismo (CATE) como referência. Quarenta e seis pacientes (56,9±7,2 anos, 28 homens) com indicação clínica de CATE em até 60 dias foram submetidos à avaliação combinada de ACTC e PMTC, por meio de tomógrafo de 64 detectores (Aquillion 64, Toshiba). A aquisição foi iniciada com a fase de estresse (PMTC) usando-se dipiridamol a 0,56mg/kg/4min e 60ml de contraste a 3ml/s, seguido de reversão com aminofilina 240mg e metoprolol (até 20mg). Em seguida, realizou-se a ACTC com 80-90ml de constraste a 5ml/s. Os dados da PMTC, da ACTC, e do CATE foram analisados por dois observadores independentes, sem informações clínicas dos pacientes. Primariamente analisou-se a ACTC, seguida da avaliação da PMTC. Concluída esta fase, os observadores tinham a possibilidade de reclassificar os segmentos coronarianos submetidos a stent cuja avaliação estivesse limitada ou inadequada por artefatos. A dose total média de radiação foi 15,83±4,93 mSv e todos os exames foram adequados. Um total de 129 segmentos coronarianos foi avaliado na ACTC, bem como os respectivos territórios miocárdicos pela PMTC. Destes, 54 territórios (42%) eram relacionados à presença de stents, sendo 19 com stents de avaliação adequada e 23 com avaliação luminal limitada, porém possível, e 12 segmentos de avaliação inadequada (sem possibilidade de avaliação luminal). Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e acurácia para a ACTC isolada nos territórios com stents foram de, respectivamente: 85%, 76%, 85%, 76% e 81%, e com o uso combinado da ACTC + PMTC foram de, respectivamente 88%, 95%, 97%, 83% e 92% (p=0,0314). Nos territórios com stent e avaliação luminal prejudicada (limitada ou inadequada) os valores para análise da ACTC isolada foram de, respectivamente: 83%, 71%, 75%, 80% e 77% e após a análise da ACTC + PMTC foram de, respectivamente: 89%, 94%, 94%, 89% e 92% (p = 0,0441). A avaliação combinada da ACTC + PMTC permitiu melhorar a acurácia diagnóstica da avaliação de obstrução coronariana significativa em pacientes portadores de stents, comparativamente à avaliação isolada da ACTC / Coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) is a well established examination in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the segments with prior coronary stent implantation may have limited luminal evaluation. The aim of this study is to assess the incremental value of myocardial computed tomography perfusion (myocardial CTP) to the anatomical assessment by coronary CTA alone in patients with stents, using catheterization (CAT) as a reference method. Forty-six patients (56.9 ± 7.2 years, 28 men) referred to CAT by clinical indication within 60 days, were evaluated with combined evaluation of coronary CTA and myocardial CTP through 64-detector CT scanner (Aquillion 64, Toshiba). The acquisition protocol began with the stress phase (myocardial CTP), using dipyridamole to 0.56 mg/kg/4min and 60ml of contrast (3ml/s), followed by a bolus of aminophylline 240 mg and metoprolol (up to 20mg). After, it was performed the coronary CTA wih 80-90ml of contrast (5 ml/s). Data from the myocardial CTP, coronary CTA and CAT were analyzed by two independent observers, with no knowledge to clinical information. The observers reviewed the coronary CTA findings, and in a second time performed the evaluation of myocardial CTP. So, they had the possibility to reclassify segments with coronary stent that were considered with limited or inadequate assessment due to artifacts. Mean total dose of radiation was 15.83 ± 4.93 mSv, and all examinations were interpretable. A total of 129 coronary segments were evaluated by coronary CTA, and also were their correspondent myocardial territories by myocardial CTP. Of these, 54 territories (42%) were related to the presence of stents, 19 stents with adequate evaluation, 23 with limited evaluation, but possible, and 12 with inadequate evaluation (no luminal assessment possible). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for the coronary CTA in territories with stents were respectively: 85%, 76%, 85%, 76% and 81%, and the combined use of coronary CTA + Myocardial CTP were respectively 88%, 95%, 97%, 83% and 92% (p=0.0314). In territories with impaired luminal stent evaluation (limited or inadequate), the values for analysis of coronary CTA alone were: 83%, 71%, 75%, 80% and 77%, and after analysis of myocardial CTP were, respectively: 89%, 94%, 94%, 89% and 92% (p = 0.0441). The combined evaluation of the coronary CTA and myocardial CTP has improved the diagnostic accuracy of the evaluation of significant coronary obstruction in patients with stents, compared to the assessment of coronary CTA alone