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La meilleure ennemie de la France : Guides, récits de voyage outre-Manche et considérations sur l'Angleterre pendant la monarchie de Juillet / Best enemy of France : Guidebooks, travel accounts and considerations about England during the July MonarchyKuo, Sheng-Lung 05 February 2018 (has links)
Le règne de Louis-Philippe (1830-1848), le roi français le plus anglophile, commence dans une atmosphère anglomane. Différents conflits entre Paris et Londres pendant cette période réveillent néanmoins des pensées anglophobes chez certains Français. Partant de ces trois sentiments qui se distinguent et coexistent à la fois, et à la lumière des différents courants de l’époque, comme le romantisme, le nationalisme et le socialisme, ce travail consiste à étudier les représentations de l’Angleterre sous la monarchie de Juillet. Une étude des relations franco-britanniques depuis le siècle des Lumières jusqu’à la chute du dernier roi français sert de toile de fond à ce travail : elle permet d’éclaircir la vision générale qu’avaient les Français de leurs voisins au cours du temps. Les guides de voyage publiés pendant le règne du roi des Français et les écrits des voyageurs français relatant leurs découvertes et expériences de la vie à l’anglaise au sein de « l’Angleterre commerciale et industrielle » font ensuite l’objet de nos analyses. À cela s’ajoute un examen de leurs considérations relatives à l’état social de cette Angleterre industrielle, dans un contexte où la France commence à suivre elle-même la voie de l’industrialisation. Ces diverses images de la Grande-Bretagne tirées des œuvres des voyageurs semblent toutes indiquer le motif de leurs séjours outre-Manche : étudier l’Angleterre afin d’instruire leur patrie, la France, voire le monde entier. / The most Anglophile French king, Louis-Philippe (1830-1848), commences his rule inan Anglomaniac atmosphere. Throughout his reign though, several conflicts opposing Parisand London are the cause of an unfolding Anglophobic spirit. Starting off from these three feelings that are both distinct and interdependent, and in the perspective of the main contemporary trends like romanticism, nationalism and socialism, this thesis aims at studyingthe various representations of England during the July Monarchy. A study of the evolving Franco-British relationship from the Age of Enlightenment until the fall of the last Frenchking, is the background to this work: it helps understanding the judgment that the French exercised on their English neighbors during this period. Guidebooks published during the“King of the French” regime and writings from French travelers who expand on their discoveries and experiences of the English life within a “commercial and industrial England”,are then an object of analysis. A final aspect of this study focuses on their considerations with respect to the social state of this “industrial England”, in a context when France is pursuing apath of industrialization. Those diverse images about Great Britain extracted from French travelers’ publications are all pointing to the true motive of their stay across the Channel: a circumspect study of England that can be used to educate their own country, France, or eventhe whole world.
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Too foul and dishonoring to be overlooked : newspaper responses to controversial English stars in the Northeastern United States, 1820-1870Smith, Tamara Leanne 30 September 2010 (has links)
In the nineteenth century, theatre and newspapers were the dominant expressions of popular culture in the northeastern United States, and together formed a crucial discursive node in the ongoing negotiation of American national identity. Focusing on the five decades between 1820 and 1870, during which touring stars from Great Britain enjoyed their most lucrative years of popularity on United States stages, this dissertation examines three instances in which English performers entered into this nationalizing forum and became flashpoints for journalists seeking to define the nature and bounds of American citizenship and culture. In 1821, Edmund Kean’s refusal to perform in Boston caused a scandal that revealed a widespread fixation among social elites with delineating the ethnic and economic limits of citizenship in a republican nation. In 1849, an ongoing rivalry between the English tragedian William Charles Macready and his American competitor Edwin Forrest culminated in the deadly Astor Place riot. By configuring the actors as champions in a struggle between bourgeois authority and working-class populism, the New York press inserted these local events into international patterns of economic conflict and revolutionary violence. Nearly twenty years later, the arrival of the Lydia Thompson Burlesque Troupe in 1868 drew rhetoric that reflected the popular press’ growing preoccupation with gender, particularly the question of woman suffrage and the preservation of the United States’ international reputation as a powerfully masculine nation in the wake of the Civil War.
Three distinct cultural currents pervade each of these case studies: the new nation’s anxieties about its former colonizer’s cultural influence, competing political and cultural ideologies within the United States, and the changing perspectives and agendas of the ascendant popular press. Exploring the points where these forces intersect, this dissertation aims to contribute to an understanding of how popular culture helped shape an emerging sense of American national identity. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that in the mid-nineteenth century northeastern United States, popular theatre, newspapers, and audiences all contributed to a single media formation in which controversial English performers became a rhetorical antipode against which “American” identity could be defined. / text
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