The use of still images in instruction has a long history in the field of education. With the widespread use of microcomputers and the development of graphic software, the ability to create and use animated images has greatly increased; today many people use animated images in their teaching and training activities. Since the use of different types of images in instruction has various influences on students'learning results, the different effects between animated images and still images have been studied widely among researchers. However, the research results are not consistent. Some research results show that animated images are more effective than still images and some show no difference or less effective results. This experimental study explores the effects of animated images and still images on college students' learning of motion-related tasks and non-motion related tasks, with the students possessing different levels of field dependence-independence. This study found that: For learning tasks involving motion and/or change, animated images were more effective than still images for college students, and field dependent students benefited more from animated images than did the field independent students. However, for learning tasks that did not involve motion or change, there was no difference in learning results from the use of still images as opposed to animated images. In addition, for such learning tasks, there was no difference in the learning benefits of still images to field dependent versus field independent learners. / Ph. D.

Zebrafish, a novel vertebrate model organism, has a high nucleotide sequence homology with human genes. Its transparent and fast developing embryo allows the analysis of physiological and anatomical characteristics, many of which are similar to those of mammals. Although the prolific nature of zebrafish can facilitate genetic studies, linking genes and behaviour is difficult because behaviour is not well investigated in zebrafish. The aim of this project is to develop robust behavioural tests that can quantify shoaling with conspecifics and fear responses to natural predators. Eight conditions using different computer-animated stimuli were used to induce behavioural responses. The results demonstrate that shoaling behaviours and fear responses can be successfully induced. More importantly, the behaviours caused by the computer-animated images confirm previous research findings using natural conspecifics and predators. Thus, computer-animated images will help standardize behavioural tests in zebrafish and will lead the way to more sophisticated and better controlled experiments.

Zebrafish, a novel vertebrate model organism, has a high nucleotide sequence homology with human genes. Its transparent and fast developing embryo allows the analysis of physiological and anatomical characteristics, many of which are similar to those of mammals. Although the prolific nature of zebrafish can facilitate genetic studies, linking genes and behaviour is difficult because behaviour is not well investigated in zebrafish. The aim of this project is to develop robust behavioural tests that can quantify shoaling with conspecifics and fear responses to natural predators. Eight conditions using different computer-animated stimuli were used to induce behavioural responses. The results demonstrate that shoaling behaviours and fear responses can be successfully induced. More importantly, the behaviours caused by the computer-animated images confirm previous research findings using natural conspecifics and predators. Thus, computer-animated images will help standardize behavioural tests in zebrafish and will lead the way to more sophisticated and better controlled experiments.

本研究以影像倫理作為觀察角度，探討電視新聞動畫化所帶來的真實「再現」與新聞倫理的爭議。本研究採深度訪談法，訪問業與學界共十三人，研究發現，動畫的重建/再現過程，反映感官主義，當新聞報導超越了事實，有可能傷害新聞的專業倫理原則，進而造成資訊淺薄化的發展；再者，虛擬的再現，未必呈現資訊原貌，一則新聞的大量訊息，經過新聞工作者的判斷、篩選，通常只留下具有故事性或衝突性的重點來產製成動畫影像；最後，多層次守門的干擾，影響新聞真實性，在文字轉化為圖影像的過程中，難免會受到編輯室社會控制與新聞價值內化、新聞工作者之間的溝通落差與資訊查證之影響，使得真實性流失成為必然的副作用。 / This study examined that some controversy concerning ethic of images exists in the animated news on television, discussing the relationship changing between representation of truth and journalism ethics during the production process. Through empirical in-depth interviews with journalists and scholars of thirteen, we came to explore the ethical effect of animated news on traditional news production and standards. It reveals that the reconstruction of animated news reflects sensationalism. When news reports are not based on facts, they are likely to harm the profession principles of journalism ethics and they will result in the process of information trivialization. In addition, virtual representations may not present the original information, messages are chosen and judged by journalists from a piece of news with story or conflicting points to make animated images. Finally, because multilevel gatekeeping interference affects the authenticity of news, it will inevitably be influenced by several factors, such as social control in the newsroom, newsworthy internalization, communication gaps between journalists as well as verification of information, during the process of transforming a message from written to animated form. The loss of authenticity is an inevitably side effect.

[pt] A visualização de campos vetoriais é uma componente essencial de numerosas aplicações, em particular na Visualização Científica. Porém, produzir representações de um fluxo nem sempre é uma tarefa simples, principalmente em se tratando de dados medidos, pois estes se apresentam corrompidos por ruídos. Esse trabalho apresenta uma técnica de visualização baseada em imagens auto-animadas, que expressa o movimento do fluxo à base de ilusões ópticas. A utilização de informações topológicas é proposta tanto como forma de melhorar o desempenho das técnicas existentes como na remoção de ruído, onde o conhecimento do usuário sobre o dado se torna peça fundamental no processo. / [en] Vector field visualization is an essential component of various applications, particularly in Scientific Visualization. However generating useful ow representation is not a simple task, especially when dealing with measured data which is corrupted by noise. This work presents a self-animating image visualization technique which conveys the ow movement based on optical illusions. The field s topological information is used to improve the performance of existing techniques and remove noise, where the user s knowledge of data is fundamental.