This is a master thesis report in vehicle aerodynamics and cooling air management. The thesis is carried out at China Euro Vehicle Technology (CEVT) AB and is part of the course P7010T, Master Thesis in Space Engineering at Luleå University of Technology (LTU). The thesis has been supervised by Mattias Olander at CEVT and Gunnar Hellström at LTU and was done over 20 weeks during the spring semester of 2019. As the vehicle industry moves from mostly using combustion engines to hybrid and electric power systems the importance of decreasing cooling air drag has increased. Cooling air drag can be around 5-15% of the total drag, and a lot of research has been done over the years on how to decrease it. Cooling drag is defined as the force acting in x-direction from the cooling air flowing through the engine bay. The air is let in through the grilles to cool down the engine and escapes through different outtakes usually below the vehicle and through the wheelhouse. The air loses a lot of energy inside the engine bay as well as it changes in temperature. In this study a method has been developed to include the energy equation in the aerodynamic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Research has also been done on which design parameters that affect the cooling air drag and how air ducts could be designed to better transport the flow to and from the radiators without loosing to much in energy. In the first part of this study a method was developed to solve the vehicle aerodynamics with energy equation included. All method development and design parameter tests weredone on the Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) A model, which is a CEVT concept car. The model was first implemented on a simple symmetric model and then on a full model. It was tested both with a normal steady state solution and a pseudo transient solutions. The pseudo transient solution proved to solve for a faster convergence, although both methods worked well. Therefore the design parameter testing was chosen to be done with the pseudo transient solver.The design parameter testing was done in two steps, first opening and closing different outlets and then trying to implement different cooling air ducts. The first study showed that air through the wheelhouses increases the drag as well as having air entering only inthe upper grille and travelling down through floor and wheelhouse. In the second study,the area between the grilles and cooling package was sealed and inlet ducts were created to control the flow from the grilles to the cooling package. When just adding inlet ducts, the mass flow through the grilles was decreased, but the mass flow through the cooling package was increased due to less separation of the air, which lead to a drag reduction of 0.2%. Other design implementations was to reshape the wheelhouse outlets, therefore a wheelhouse outlet duct was designed. The ducts purpose was to lead the air out of the wheelhouse and behind the tire and exit the vehicle parallel to the free stream flow. The wheelhouse duct is most effective and decreases the drag force by 0.7%. An air duct was also designed to lead the flow after the cooling package fan to the outlets. The ducts purpose was to prevent the air from loosing in energy when rising to the roof of the engine bay, the duct compresses the air and leads it efficiently over the engine with a drag force decrease on 0.3%. The inlet duct, wheelhouse duct and after fan duct was all put together to a thesis design. Due to the higher mass flow through the cooling package the upper grille could be sealed by 9.9% and still allow the same mass flow through the cooling package as for the SUV A. The thesis design for improved cooling air management allowed a decrease of drag force timesarea by 0.9%. In conclusion there is much that can be done to improve the cooling air drag. It is most favorable to have a sealed volume with inlet air ducts before the cooling package, have outtakes aligned with the free stream flow, minimize cooling air to escape through the wheelhouse outlets and to minimize the height of the engine bay as much as possible.

Healthcare systems face many challenges that prevent them from reaching their full potential. Overcoming these challenges can be very difficult in part because of their complexity. Predicting all the possible effects that improvement attempts may create is difficult and high-quality decision support material is difficult to obtain. System dynamics modeling and simulation is a technology that has been applied for some time within the healthcare domain in order to assist the decision-making process. This technology has gained increased interest in the domain over the past decade. This project analyses the application of system dynamics modeling to a specific problem in the healthcare sector, namely that of frequent attenders to the emergency department. A literature review is performed to extract suggestions that could be considered when engaged in the process of developing a system dynamics model for managing frequent attenders in healthcare. It has been found that the research on frequent attenders and their management is very heterogeneous and ambiguous making it difficult to draw strong conclusions about the effectiveness of different management strategies. Model builders are forced to turn to other sources for model data. It is also found that system dynamics modeling of frequent attenders has not yet been done. This situation led to the expansion of the search scope to include related modeling research as the basis for suggestion extraction. 65 suggestions are extracted into three broad categories with the limitation of not being strictly specific to the modeling of frequent attenders, but have a more general nature. And although their value is not evaluated, it is hoped that they could contribute as inspiration to certain system dynamics model development endeavors.

Basning är en metod där värme och fukt används för att göra träplastiskt och böjbart. Den traditionella metoden att böja trä är att använda en låda eller ett rör och påföra värme och ånga för att mjuka upp träet inför böjning. Böjningen sker sedan utanför basningslådan. Det här examensarbetet   att basa trä i en påse och genomföra själva böjningen när träet fortfarande finns kvar i ångpåsen. Här beskrivs framtagandet av den flexibla och lättanvända basningspåsen STEAM BAG, från inledande tester, framtagande av böjmall och kompressionsband till utvärdering och jämförelse med traditionell basning. Resultatet av mina tester visa att det är möjligt att förbättra böj metoden traditionell basning med hjälp av ångpåsen då det går att bibehålla värmen och ångan under själva böjningsprocessen.

The importance of reducing the energy consumption and commit towards sustainability efforts has become increasingly important for organizations to consider. Often, managers rely on technology to reduce the energy consumption within facilities. The importance of the behaviour of people within the facility is often overlooked. This thesis focus on investigating how the retail industry in Australia can reduce its energy consumption by changing the behaviours of employees within the facilities. In order to answer how the retail industry can reduce its consumption the following research questions was established:   -          What processes contributes to the energy consumption at a retail facility?   -          How does occupant behaviour affect the energy consumption at a retail facility?   -          How does internal influence barriers for an organization affect the energy consumption within a retail facility?   The following master thesis of 30 ECTS is a qualitative, explorative case study conducted at one of Scanias facilities in Prestons, Sydney. With roughly 80 employees and 12 workshop bays. Primary data have been collected from semi-structured interviews, observations and survey questions. The results showed that behaviour are influenced by many drivers and personal values are often not a good predictor of behaviour. Internal barriers occurring in the facility are lack of vision, people, communication, resource and management. Furthermore, norms and behavioural practices change along with the change of environment. Conversations about energy and sharing of energy-efficient experiences and knowledge are not occurring in the facility. However, there is a strong willingness and desire to change and to develop more efficient behaviours at the facility in Sydney. Lastly, occupant behaviour such as lack of communication, turning off the lights or AC and not turning off their computers are the biggest contributors to the energy being consumed in a retail facility.

In this project a model has been created that with an audio sequence as input can classify the language being spoken to be either english or french. The focus of the project has been to experiment with different ways to process audio files and to design a neural network in order to maximize the performance for the task of language classification. The purpose of the project was to investigate the highest reachable accuracy and to examine what sample length that would be appropriate in order to be useful in voice control application. The signal processing part dealt mainly with how enveloping, Mel frequency ceptral coefficients (MFCC) and Mel frequency spectral coefficients (MFSC) could be used to enhance the accuracy of the model. The neural network design focused on how the width and depth of the network and the use of dropouts could be used to increase the performance. The experiments resulted in a model with a maximum accuracy of 92,30 % that could outperform humans for samples of approximately 1,2 seconds of shorter. A suitable sample length to be usable in other applications was concluded to be in the interval of 0,7 to 1,5 seconds.

Industries aim to have a high performance to get a high profitability. A high performance comes from the employees' work performance every day. This work performance for industry employees comes largely from the motivation they feel for the work. In this study, work motivation for employees in industry has been examined through a questionnaire study together with interviews with selected persons from the management. The conclusion for this study is that employees' work motivation in industry´s is strongly linked to how the management manages and acts within the organization. The management influences the employees' motivation by controlling how the organization is structured, which reward systems are to be used and how the corporate culture is structured. If employees in industry´s experience high motivation for their work, the work performance will increase along with increased work motivation. The result of this study shows how corporate culture together with other motivation factors can motivate employees to increase work performance in the manufacturing industry. This study has also resulted in a self-developed model that can be used by companies to increase work motivation and thereby the work performance of the company.

Studien har som syfte att se om social loafing, som är ett socialpsykologiskt fenomen, kan påverka gruppers prestation och engagemang i innovativa kontexter. Innovationsprocesser sker oftast i grupp för att generera problemlösande idéer och nya potentiella innovationer. En kvantitativ metod med en experimentell forskningsdesign har varit studiens grund för att samla in data. Enkäter har även använts för att samla in data för studien. Med hjälp av insamlat datamaterial har studien kunnat analysera om det socialpsykologiska fenomenet har någon påverkan på prestation och engagemang i innovationsprocessens search-fas. Resultaten har visat att det finns signifikanta korrelationer mellan de grupper som testades för socialpsykologisk påverkan. Resultat från den, statistiska analysen har även visat signifikanta samband mellan engagemang och andra variabler i grupperna.

Många företag strävar efter att utforma sina ankomstkontroller på ett effektivt sätt, då en ankomstkontroll har visat sig vara mer betydelsefullt för företag. Detta eftersom att produktionsflödet blir mer effektivare och företag minimerar riskerna att få stopp i produktionen. Med hjälp av en ankomstkontroll kan företagets material och produkter kontrolleras samt hanteras på ett effektivt sätt. Konsekvenser med att inte införa en ankomstkontroll kan leda till defekta produkter, stopp i produktionen, stress och eventuella kostnader. Trots detta existerar det många företag som idag väljer att inte ha någon ankomstkontroll. Detta kan främst bero på de höga kostnaderna som uppstår när en ankomstkontroll implementeras på ett företag. Det kan även bero på att företaget är för litet, vilket leder till att en ankomstkontroll inte får plats eftersom det krävs en del utrymme. Syftet med detta projekt är att med stöd av kurslitteraturer, vetenskapliga artiklar samt företagsbesök undersöka hur en effektiv ankomstkontroll på industriföretag kan utformas. Vidare ämnar projektet till att genom förbättringsförslag hjälpa Munters AB att effektivisera och utforma en ankomstkontroll. Projektet är en kvalitativ fallstudie som har utförts på Munters AB i Tobo. Datainsamlingen till detta projekt utfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och företagsbesök. Vid intervjuerna var kvalitetschefen och Lean koordinatorn gemensamma om företagets brister. Studier av produktionsavdelningen visade att samtliga arbetare ansåg att en ankomstkontroll bör implementeras på företaget, dels för att underlätta flödet men också för att lösa de befintliga problem som uppstår dagligen. Slutsatsen av detta arbete visar att Munters AB är i nöd av en ankomstkontroll på företaget. För att kunna implementera ankomstkontrollen på ett effektivt sätt är det avsevärt att företaget använder sig av olika metoder, verktyg och system. Detta kan medföra till att produktionen kan planeras i förtid. / Many companies strive to develop their arrival controls in an effective way as arrivals controls have proven to be significant for the companies. This is grounded in the fact that arrival controls improve the flow of production and minimize the risk for production errors since the controls enable an effective management of the company’s products and materials. Not establishing these controls consequently often leads to production default, stress and increased expenses. Nonetheless, many companies choose not to implement arrival controls because such implementations are accompanied by large costs. Furthermore, they require space, which smaller companies do not have. The purpose of this study is, through the analysis of previous literature and interaction with a local company, examine how efficient arrival controls can be structured. Additionally, this study aspires through, improvement proposals, to aid Munters AB in the construction of arrival controls. This is a qualitative case study conducted at Munters AB in Tobo. Empirical data was accumulated through semi-structured interviews, analytical observations and consistent visits to the company. Arrival controls are of significant importance for companies and the absence of such are undoubtly damaging for the company. This is evidential in the interviews, where both the quality director and the Lean coordinator were aware of the company’s shortcomings in this area. Further findings show that all workers in the production department experienced continuous defects in every day production and therefore hoped for an implementation of arrival controls. In conclusion the study found that Munters AB is in urgent need of arrival controls. However, in order for such an implementation to be as effective as possible, the company needs to utilize different methods, tools and system and crucial forward planning in production.

I takt med en ökad transportomfattning stiger också antalet transportskador. Eftersom att det är kunden som får en verksamhet att gå runt är det av stor vikt att ta hand om dem i samtliga aspekter, och så även när de har drabbats av en transportskada. En effektiv skadehantering är ett sätt för organisationer att bygga långvariga relationer med sina kunder. Denna studie har syftat till att undersöka och utvärdera två olika skadehanteringsprocesser inom två segment hos fallföretaget. Fallföretaget använder sig i dagsläget utav två skillda affärskoncept för processerna, vilka är inhouse och outsourcing. Studien svarar på två frågeställningar för att uppfylla arbetets syfte. Den första frågeställningen handlar om enjämförelse av inhouse och outsource lösningar för transportskadehantering och vänder sig främst till fallföretaget och dess anställda i hopp om att identifiera en gemensam lösning för de två segmenten. Den andra frågeställningen, vilka faktorer lägger grunden för en framgångsrik hantering av transportskador ur ett informationslogistikt perspektiv?, ämnar fylla det kunskapsgap som lokaliserats genom tidigare forskning. Studien har utgått ifrån två vetenskapliga teorier: teknik, organisation och extern miljö (TOE) och Empowered complaint management. TOE har i detta arbete representerat det informationslogistiska perspektivet genom att beskriva tre kontexter: teknik, organisation och extern miljö. Tre utvärderingar, som var och en är kopplade till informationslogistikens kontexter, har genomförts för att frambringa ett resultat. Empowered complaint management har använts som ett komplement till TOE för att beskriva den externa miljöns önskan. Denna teori beskriver vilka förväntningar kunderna har men även hur de som arbetar i processen bör agera i olika situationer. Resultatet från undersökningen påvisade att inhouse-processen är klart mer lämpad ur ett informationslogistiskt perspektiv än den outsourcade lösningen. Detta belyses genom de tre utvärderingar som genomförts, vilka visade på att medarbetarna inom inhouse-processen är nöjda med arbetsrutinerna, en hög grad av kundnöjdhet identifierades samtidigt som kostnadskalkylen tydligt pekade på att denna process är mer kostnadseffektiv än outsourcelösningen. Studien illustrerar att lösningar och processer som sker via outsourcing kan leda till negativa konsekvenser. Exempel på detta är tappad kontroll och kunskap gällande processen samtidigt som viktig kundkontakt förloras. Genom att arbeta med processen internt kan istället goda relationer byggas, vilket i sin tur ofta leder till långvariga kunder. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att det inte är möjligt att peka ut en av de tre kontexterna för informationslogistik som den mest betydelsefulla. Istället är det samverkan och samspelet mellan samtliga kontexter som lägger en grund till en väl lämpad transportskadehantering ur ett informationslogistiskt perspektiv.

The development of an industrial civilization,and rapidurban economic growth, leads tomore and more pressure onthe natural environment. Furthermore, the tourism industry is one of the major industries in the world and to understand the importance of sustainable development for the environment and society, the tourism industry is the first to understand. Regarding China's tourism industry, the tourism industry's GDP accounts for 11.04% of the total GDP, and the tourism industry provides 28.26 million jobs (Travel China, 2019), so sustainable tourism is very important in China. However, China lacks literature on sustainable development and lacks systematic knowledge about sustainable development. Therefore, this thesis will study what implementation of Chinese hotels and what implement in globalhotels in sustainable development. Furthermore, it figuresout the differencebetween Chinese hotels and globalhotels, with regardstosustainability in China. In order to get the most accurate results, this thesis employs a multitude ofcase studiesand it gathers qualitative data by conducting semi-structured interviews, with 3 Chinese hotel and 3 globalhotels.In the empirical data, the researcher collected data from interviews with managers from three globalhotels and three Chinese hotels.Through the comparison and analysis of data, with regards to the research questions, Chinese hotels implement Energy, Emission and waste in sustainability work. globalhotels implement Energy, Water Emission, Supplier and Management in their sustainability work in China.The finding pointed to more sustainability in the globalhotels than the Chinese hotels