HejVän is an exclusive piece of furniture designed for the Hall of your house inspired by Swedish Design. The concept has been designed implementing the behavior of Swedish society and crafts, this can be seen in the use of materials, the smart mirror, the hangers or the dry shoe system. The furniture is all made by Cosentino materials to garantee exclusivity and durability, with the exception of the hangers and the back plates, which are made of pine wood, a fundamental element of Scandinavian design.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of how SMEs can promote the efficiency of their waste management processes. In particular, to identify the causes of employee non-compliance within waste management procedures. This overarching purpose of identifying causes of non-compliance and improving the process is reflected in the following research questions. RQ1: What are the causes of procedural employee non-compliance within current waste management processes? RQ2: How can current waste management processes be improved? Method – A single case study was carried out in order to answer the research questions. To gain insight in relevant theory supporting both the qualitative and quantitative data gathered in the case study, a literature review was conducted and acted as the foundation for the theoretical framework. The data was collected through means of observations and interviews. Results – The interviews revealed a moderate degree of non-compliance of employees in the waste process in SMEs. The factors influencing this non-compliance are primarily a lack of knowledge, brought on by improper introduction process and a general high degree of complexity. In order to improve the handling of waste, there should be a larger focus on a thorough introduction process in order to reduce the amount of short-term memory processing by employees. As for process specific improvements, removing wastes and standardization should be of primary concern. Lastly, in order to maintain social sustainability, the needs and experience of the employees should be considered before making improvements to waste management processes. Implications – This case study offers insights into what drives acts of non-compliance in waste management processes and possible improvements that can be derived from studying them. Therefore, this thesis can be used as a foundation for SMEs seeking to improve their waste management processes. Keywords – Waste, Waste Management, Social Sustainability, Processes, Process Improvement, Cognitive Ergonomics, Improvement Work, Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME).

Skolverket har beslutat att programmering från och med hösten 2018 kommer att ingå i kursplanerna för flera matematikkurser på gymnasiet. Detta motiveras genom att man anser att svenska skolan bör hänga med i den snabba digitaliseringen som sker i samhället idag. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap kring lärares perspektiv på hur ett införande av programmering i kursmålen i matematik kan påverka elevers lärande i matematik. Det empiriska underlaget till undersökningen har bestått i att 11 gymnasielärare i matematik med teknisk utbildning har svarat på en enkät med både öppna frågor samt svarsalternativfrågor. Resultatet visar att lärarna överlag är positiva till att ha programmering i matematikämnet men de ser ett problem i att det kan ta tid från annan matematikundervisning. De anser också i likhet med Digitaliseringskommisionens analys att det finns ett stort behov av att vidareutbilda matematiklärare i programmering. Potentiella fördelar som lärarna ser är att programmering kan användas som ett verktyg för att hjälpa eleverna förstå matematiskt innehåll, men också att det kan hjälpa eleverna att utveckla de matematiska förmågorna som finns i ämnesplanen. Det finns också ett visst stöd i tidigare forskning att programmering kan bidra till utvecklandet av problemlösningsförmågan i första hand. En annan potentiell fördel är att vissa elever kan bli mer intresserade av matematik om programmering införs i undervisningen. Vilka åsikter lärare har om programmering i matematiken är något som i förlängningen påverkar matematikundervisningen. Då detta inte är något som undersökts i hög grad tidigare syftar därför denna studie till att bidra med kunskap i denna fråga. / The National Agency for Education has decided that programming from autumn 2018 will be included in the syllabuses for several mathematics courses in upper secondary school. The motivation for this is the view that Swedish school should be involved in the rapid digitization that is taking place in society today. This study aims at contributing knowledge about teachers’ perspectives on how the introduction of programming in the course objectives in mathematics could affect students’ learning in mathematics. The empirical basis of the study consists of a questionnaire with both open questions and check questions which has been answered by 11 high school teachers in mathematics with technical education. The result shows that teachers overall are positive about programming in the mathematical subject but they see a problem in that it may take time from other mathematics teaching. They also consider, like the Digitalization Commission’s analysis, that there is a great need to further educate mathematics teachers in programming. Potential benefits the teachers see is that programming can be used as a tool to help students understand mathematical content, but also that it can help students to develop the mathematical abilities contained in the subject plan. There is also some support in previous research that programming can contribute to the development of problem solving skills. Another potential advantage is that some students may become more interested in math if programming is introduced in the teaching. What opinions teachers have about programming in mathematics is something that in the long run affects mathematics education. As this is not something that has been investigated to a large extent earlier, this study therefore aims at contributing knowledge on this issue.

Att strukturera upp och analysera stora mängder data är tidskrävande och därmed existerar ett behov av automatiserade metoder för att extrahera information ur stora mängder ostrukturerad text. Språkteknologi (eng. natural language processing, NLP) handlar om att ge datorer förmågan att bearbeta, tolka och hämta information ur mänskligt språk. Ett steg i processen av att implementera tekniker som t.ex. kan sammanfatta texter, är uppgiften med relationsextraktion. Målet med relationsextraktion är att automatiskt extrahera relationer mellan entiteter i en text. Artificiell intelligens (AI) tillämpas inom flertalet områden för att effektivisera processer och reducera resurser. Genom att extrahera relationer ur en stor mängd text kan arbete kring analys av dokument effektiviseras. Under de senaste åren har effektivare modeller inom automatisk relationsextraktion tagits fram då maskininlärning har tillämpats i området. Detta examensarbete syftar till att genom användarinvolvering identifiera hur automatisk relationsextraktion kan underlätta arbete i militära staber. Metoder för datainsamling är workshop med deltagare som har relevanta erfarenheter inom militära staber, observation samt enkät. Den data som dessa metoder producerade analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys som resulterade i underlättande av arbete genom följande teman: resurseffektivitet, stötta samarbete, förbättra planering samt avlasta kognitiv belastning. Under workshoppen identifierades tekniker för samtliga teman där t.ex teknik som sköter orderhantering underlättar arbete genom både resurseffektivitet och genom att stötta samarbete. Deltagarna ansågs ha ett tillräckligt lärande under workshoppen för att deras diskussioner ska bedömmas relevanta för studien. Arbetets slutsatser är att automatisk relationsextraktion kan underlätta arbete i militära staber genom implementering av tekniker inom tidigare nämnda teman. Det finns dock behov inom organisationen som måste uppfyllas för att detta ska uppnås. Bland dessa behov finns det fysiska behovet av att tekniken måste vara tillförlitlig. Rekommendationer för vidare forskning är att implementera och utvärdera teknik för orderhantering eller tekniker som kopplar till planeringsprocessen i en militär stab. Orderhantering rekommenderas för att det ska underlätta både med resurseffektivitet samt att stötta samarbete. Implementera tekniker inom planeringsprocessen rekommenderas för att majoriteten av deltagarna under workshoppen prioriterade detta område högst. / To structure and analyze large amounts of data is time-consuming and there exists a need for automatic methods for extracting information from large amounts of unstructured text. Natural language processing (NLP) gives computers the ability to process, interpret and retrieve information from the human language. One step in the process of implementing technologies that for example can summarize texts, is the problem of relation extraction. The purpose of relation extraction is to extract relations between entities in texts. Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in a variety of areas to make processes more effective and reduce resourses. By extracting relations from a large amount of text, analysis of documents get more effective. In recent years more effective methods for relationship extraction has emerged with the usage of machine learning. This thesis aims to investigate through use involvement how relation extraction can faciliate work within military staffs. Methods for data collection are workshop with participants with relevant work experience within military staffs, observation and survey. Collected data was analyzed using a inductive thematic analysis that resulted in faciliation of work through the following themes: resource efficiency, faciliate cooperation, improve planning and reduce cognitive load. Participants of the workshop are deemed to have gathered knowledge of relation extraction during the workshop for their discussions to be relevant for the study. The conclusions of this thesis are that relationship extraction can faciliate work within a military staff within the earlier mentioned themes. There are, however, some criteria that the technologies must meet in order for those themes to be achieved. One of these criteria is that the result of the relationship extraction must be reliable. Recommendations for future work is to implement and evaluate technology that manages orders or is related to the planning process within a military staff. Technology that manages orders faciliates in both resource efficiency and to facilitate cooperation. The reason for implementation within the planning process is that this is the area that the participants of the workshop prioritized the highest.

Medicin och vaccin förvaras i injektionsflaskor. Flaskorna förseglas med gummiproppar somsitter kvar även när sjuksköterskan för nålen genom dem för att nå innehållet. Innan medicinkan lagras i injektionsflaskor måste gummipropparna steriliseras för att säkerställa att ingenkontaminering kan ske och att medicineringen för patienten är ren. Gummipropparna somanvänds inom läkemedelsindustrin behöver därmed genomgå en steriliseringsprocess. Iprocessen stoppas propparna in i Tyvek-Beta Bags och placeras på perforerade plåtar på envagn. Vagnen placeras i en autoklav som utsätter påsarna för ånga med temperaturer mellan121 och 134°C samt vakuum. Under steriliseringsprocessen utsätts påsen för spänningar ochblåses upp som en ballong vilket resulterar i påfrestning vid huvudet/öppningen.I projektet Beta Bag Retainer har en två studenter från Högskolan i Halmstad samarbetat medGetinge Sterilization AB utvecklat en låsanordning som låser fast Beta Bagen på plåten samt germöjlighet att optimera lasten och därmed öka kapaciteten under steriliseringsprocesserna.Projektet har genomförts genom användning av Set-based design och agil produktutveckling.Låsanordningen är användarvänlig, lätt att montera och anpassad efter Getinge Sterilizationsexisterande produkter samt en kravspecifikation. / Medicine and vaccines are stored inside injection vials. The bottles are sealed with rubber stoppersthat remain in place even when the nurse moves the needle through them to reach the contents.Before medicine can be stored in vials, the rubber stoppers must be sterilized to ensure that nocontamination can occur and that the medication for the patient is safe.The rubber stoppers used in the pharmaceutical industry need to go through a sterilization process.In this process, the stoppers are put into Tyvek bags called BetaBags and placed on perforatedshelves on a trolley. The trolley is placed inside an autoclave that exposes the bags to steam attemperatures between 121 and 134°C as well as vacuum. During the sterilization process, the bagis subjected to tension when inflated like a balloon which also is putting pressure on thehead/opening of the bag.In the Beta Bag Retainer project, the project group has developed a locking device that keeps thebag in place which gives the opportunity to optimize the load and thereby increase capacity duringthe sterilization process. The lock is user-friendly and mainly works with Getinge Sterilizationsexisting products. The project group has worked with Set-based Design and agile production todevelop a solution that achieves all the requirements and demands from the company. The solutionis a user friendly locking device, which is easy to keep clean and to assemble onto perforatedshelves.

Sweden has yet to fully explore its industry regarding wild berries, with the resource patiently waiting in the forest to be used, with great potential for future endeavors. When it comes to wild berry related innovations, not much has happened in Sweden in the last couple of decades, with the technique of freezing houses being the most recent. Another country close to Sweden with possibly a more developed wild berry industry is Finland, which leads to the aim of this study which is to conduct a comparative study based on the separate countries’ innovation systems through a company perspective. The study was conducted by a comparative approach with data collected via literature studies and interviews gathered with purposive sampling. To further investigate the differences between the two countries facilitating and hindering aspects, a performance matrix was applied. These were ultimately connected with functions of innovation development based on the innovation system approach, and a reflection on cumulative causation. The results indicated most facilitating aspects in Sweden as originating from demand side actors, and most hindering aspects as originating from actors third party and companies. In Finland, most facilitating aspects come from companies and third parties, and most hindering aspects also come from third parties as well as supplier/ labor actors. The innovation system analysis found Finland to have more facilitating aspects relating to functions contributing to the inception of innovations while compared to Sweden. The study concluded that Sweden has great opportunities to flourish in the industry, however the interplay between actors should follow a more Finnish approach.

Den här rapporten diskuterar svårigheter med "Internet of Things"-utveckling. Artiklar och rapporter inom området har sammanställts för att ta reda på hur IoT-utveckling skiljer sig från annan typ av utveckling. Dessutom utförs en intervjustudie där svenska IoT-utvecklare beskriver hur de löser de listade programmeringsutmaningarna. Enligt den här undersökningen har utvecklarna i olika företag ofta samma problematik och deras lösningar är snarlika. / This report discusses the difficulties with "Internet of Things"-development. Various articles and reports in the same area have been compiled in order to find out where IoT-development differs from other types of development. In addition, an interview study was conducted in which Swedish IoT developers answer how they solve the challenges listed from this report. According to this survey, developers in different companies often have the same problems and their solutions are often similar.

Den svenska grundskolans läroplan har reviderats till att innehålla programmering från och med den 1 juli 2018. Detta medför flera val av hur programmeringsundervisning skall utformas bland annat val av programspråk och programmeringsparadigm. I denna studie undersöks det funktionella programspråket Clojure som introduktionsspråk för grundskollärare utan tidigare programmeringserfarenhet. Syftet har varit att ta reda på vilka utmaningar de mött vid programmeringen. En kombination av metoder har använts för att ta reda på detta. Studien har genomförts med 13 grundskollärare som deltagit i en introduktionskurs i Clojure. Med hjälp av verktyget Codepad har kursdeltagarnas knapptryck spelats in när de programmerat. Dessa inspelningar har sedan använts för att utföra intervjuer med metoden stimulated recall där intervjudeltagarna fick se sin egen Codepadinspelning och sedan berättat om deras resonemang kring koden. Metoden att kombinera kodinspelning med stimulated recall har genererat stora mängder både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data och därmed gett en tydlig bild av hur kursdeltagarna har programmerat i Clojure. Av studiens resultat framkommer att kursdeltagarnas största utmaning är programspråkets syntax. Detta stämmer överens med tidigare studier som visar att syntax är den vanligaste utmaningen för nybörjare även i andra programspråk. Vi ser därför inga specifika egenskaper hos Clojure som skulle motivera att välja bort varken det eller det funktionella paradigmet i introduktionskurser i programmering. / The Swedish primary school curricula have been revised to include programming as of July 1, 2018. This entails several choices of how programming education should be designed, among other things, the choice of programming languages and programming paradigms. In this study, the functional programming language Clojure is examined as an introductory language for primary school teachers without previous programming experience. The purpose has been to find out what challenges they encountered in programming. For this a combination of methods has been used. The study has been conducted with 13 primary school teachers who participated in an introductory course in Clojure. Using the tool Codepad, the participants’ every key press has been recorded when programming. These recordings were then used to conduct interviews with the method stimulated recall, where the interviewees saw their own Codepad recordings and then explained their reasoning about the code. The method of combining code recordings with stimulated recall has generated large amounts of both quantitative and qualitative data, thus giving a clear picture of how the course participants have programmed in Clojure. The study results show that the participants’ greatest challenge is the syntax of the programming language. This is consistent with previous studies that show that syntax is the most common challenge for novice programmers, even in other programming languages. We therefore see no specific characteristics of Clojure that would hinder it, or the functional paradigm, in introductory courses in programming.

Det här examensarbetet ämnar hjälpa lärare, som ska undervisa i kursen Tillämpad programmering, med deras val av programmeringsverktyg som ska användas i kursen. Kursen är en gymnasiekurs som infördes den 1:a augusti 2017 för att möjliggöra för elever att läsa programmering som är användbar för det gymnasieprogram de läser. Därmed väljs ett tillämpningsområde relevant för gymnasieprogrammet, som eleverna lär sig programmering relaterat till. I det här arbetet har tillämpningsområdena spel, matematik, musik och konst valts ut. För varje tillämpningsområde har rekommendationer för val av programmeringsspråk och programmeringsmiljö tagits fram, och även en rekommendation om huruvida man ska använda parprogrammering i undervisningen eller inte. Ett förslag på hur man som lärare kan tolka ämnesplanens syfte har också tagits fram. Dessa rekommendationer har tagits fram genom en fallstudie på en skola som erbjuder kursen med tillämpningen spel för elever på teknikprogrammet. Fallstudien bestod av en observation och två intervjuer med lärare. Utöver det har det gjorts en litteraturstudie runt valda tillämpningsområden, programmeringsspråk och parprogrammering. De programmeringsspråk som främst fokuserats på är Python, Alice och Javascript. De slutgiltiga rekommendationerna varierar mellan tillämpningsområdena runt val av programmeringsspråk, men parprogrammering är oberoende av tillämpningsområde rekommenderat att användas för att skapa ett samtal runt programmering. / This thesis aims to help teachers, who are to teach the course Applied Programming, with the choice of programming tools for the course. The course is a high school course introduced 1:st of August 2017 to make it possible for students to take programming which is useful for the high school program they are studying. Therefore an area of application, which is relevant for the high school program, is chosen for the students to learn programming in. In this work, the areas of application are games, mathematics, music and art. For each area of application recommendations regarding choice of programming language and programming environment have been constructed, as well as a recommendation regarding whether you should use pair programming or not. A suggestion of how to interpret the curriculum has also been constructed. These recommendations have been constructed from a case study done in a school offering the course with games as the area of application for students taking the technical program. The case study consisted of an observation and two interviews with teachers. Apart from this a literature study focused on the different areas of application, programming languages, programming environments and pair programming has been done. The programming languages which have mainly been focused on are Python, Alice and Javascript. The final recommendations vary between the areas of application considering the choice of programming language, but pair programming is, regardless of the area of application, recommended to use to create a conversation about programming.

This thesis consists of a comprehensive review of bidirectional charging technology, with focus on understanding the technical requirements and the challenges that has to be overcome to standardize this innovation. The thesis is based on three main objectives or goals that is needed to be able to answer the main review question which is: What does it take to standardize, develop and make bidirectional charging a reliable technology? The first objective is to review and explain how the technical bidirectional charging ecosystem works. It starts by explaining in detail how bidirectional charging works and looking closely at how the charging station, electric vehicle (EV), and the power grid connect and work together. The second objective consist of exploring the challenges and the benefits of bidirectional charging. The main challenges explored are social challenges, regulatory challenges, technical challenges and battery degradation. The main benefits explored in this thesis are: offloading the power grid, environmentally friendlier benefits, economic benefits and better management of renewable home systems. The third and final objective in this thesis covers a surveying of existing bidirectional charging products and solutions like Fords F-150 lightning V2G technology and CHAdeMO 2.0. Explaining what they are and their potential success in the European market. The thesis concludes by addressing and discussing the central researched question, which indicates that bidirectional charging is still a young technology that needs to overcome many challenges and improve in some areas before it can be widely used by consumers in a safe and effective way. The results show that the speed and success of the development of this technology depend on how well the actors and stakeholders cooperate with each other and how fast the regulations and standards evolve. EU and Swedish regulations need to keep developing standards for better interoperability. This will help create a legislation for independent market players and key stakeholders, making it easier for them to interact and make compatible products. Therefore, the research done in this thesis suggests that in order to standardize bidirectional charging, different actors, stakeholders and regulatory organizations need to work together better in the future to make V2X safe, standardized and interoperable. There are very few V2G solutions available for customers today, but with the cooperation of key actors, new ISO standards and EV manufacturers making more compatible cars, this technology has the potential to become more accessible in the upcoming years.