Este estudo se dá a partir de uma série de trabalhos em desenho, fotografia, instalação e livro de artista, desenvolvidos entre 2012 e 2014, tendo como eixo um arquivo de desenhos realizados em situações cotidianas. Interessa aqui pensar a prática constante do desenho como ação cotidiana em pequenos suportes (folhas avulsas, cadernos de formatos modestos), sua acumulação através dos anos, sua utilização como extensão física da memória. O trabalho acontece na construção de novas totalidades a partir de fragmentos que compõem recortes transversais no tempo, em uma série de propostas para dar a ver esses desenhos, no diálogo sugerido pelo encontro de imagens realizadas em momentos distantes entre si ou no encontro destas imagens com o espaço da prática, assim como nas fricções e ambiguidades entre os desenhos de esboço, da ordem do privado, e trabalhos finalizados de ordem pública. / The present study’s starting point is a series of works in drawing, photography, installation and artist's book, which have been developed from 2012 to 2014, having as na axis the archive of drawings made in everyday situations. The focus here is to think about the constant practice of drawing as a daily action on small structures (single sheets, modest format notebooks), its accumulation over the years, its use as an extension of physical memory. The work takes place in the construction of new wholes from fragments through transverse cuts in time, in a series of proposals for seeing these drawings, the suggested dialogue between images made at distinct moments or in relation to the atelier, and the friction between the sketches, that are private, and finished works, which are public.

Plants contain organelles called chloroplasts, which is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts also contain their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA in the nucleus. This DNA does not change much over evolutionary time, so it can be used to investigate relationships between organisms. Here we created a tool that makes it easier to analyze this chloroplast DNA as well making it easier to share complete chloroplast genomes on public databases. In addition, we also found a mobile element in the chloroplast DNA of a group of ferns, which appears to be driving structural changes in their genomes.

The purpose of this study was to examine and provide a pedagogical content analysis of the published songs of Karl Goldmark (1830-1915), an Austrian composer from the Romantic Era. The songs' characteristics were evaluated to determine the level of singer for which they would be appropriate. The creation of an annotation format was devised for the analysis of each song including the areas of subject matter, difficulty level, range, tessitura, tempo indication, duration, and unique characteristics of the vocal line and the piano line. The detailed entries provide an easy and accurate evaluation of the individual songs in order for the voice teacher to assess their value for each student, with particular attention to their suitability for the beginning, intermediate and advanced singer. These levels generally correspond to freshman or sophomore, junior or senior, and graduate student, respectively. The results indicate a division of difficulty level among all of the songs, with moderate difficulty being the most common. It has also been concluded that there are valuable songs for all levels of student. Areas for further study are included.

Clostridium scatologenes is an anaerobic bacterium that demonstrates some unusual metabolic traits such as the production of 3-methyl indole. The availability of genome level sequencing has lent itself to the exploration and elucidation of unique metabolic pathways in other organisms such as Clostridium botulinum. The Clostridium scatologenes genome, with an estimated length 4.2 million bp, was sequenced by the Applied Biosystems Solid method and the Roche 454 pyrosequencing method. The resulting DNA sequences were combined and assembled into 8267 contigs with an average length of 1250 bp with the Newbler Assembler program. Comparision of published subunits of csd gene and assembled contigs identified that one contig contained all three subunits. In addition a gene with similarity to clostridium carboxidivorans butyrate kinase was found lined next to csd gene. An alignment of the contig and csdgene sequences identified three deletions in the contig within the 4066 bases of the alignment. This implies that there is about 0.07% error rate in the sequencing itself requiring more finishing. Even without finishing the genome assembly into single contig, contigs were annotated in RAST pipeline predicting 2521 protein encoding genes (PEGs). The PEGs were classified by their metabolic function and compared to classified PEGs found in the closely related clostridium species, Clostridium carboxidivorans and Clostridium. ljungdahlii, which have similarly sized genomes. According to the RAST analysis, Clostridium scatologenes had 35% subsystem coverage of all known metabolic processes with its 2521 PEGs. This compares to 41% for Clostridium carboxidivorans with 4174 PEGs (29) and 42% for Clostridium ljungdahlii with 4184 PEGs (30), indicating that Clostridium scatologenesmay still have more genes to be identified. Comparison of the percent genes found in the metabolic subsystems was similar except in motility and chemotaxis. The contigs, on which the csd gene and tryptophan metabolizing genes lay, were examined to see if additional genes might support these metabolic pathways. Butyrate kinase was associated with the csd genes but no other associations were found for the two tryptophan metabolizing genes. The tryptophan biosynthesis operon genes were all found on one contig (contig 6771) and were syntenic with other bacterial species.

Linguistic annotation provides additional information asserted with a particular purpose in a document or other piece of information. It is widely used in various fields, from computing and bioinformatics, through imaging, to law and linguistics. There is also a clear distinction between what is communicated through the written/spoken natural language and how this is passed on. A new problem of linguistic annotation is the annotation of classical rhetorical figures --- patterns of text in which a characteristic syntactic form modifies the standard meanings of words, and leads to a change or an extension of meaning. Rhetoric studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively, including its emotional impact, as much as its propositional content. The annotation of rhetorical figures is therefore important not only for the linguistic point of view, but also for discovering different styles of writing, purpose and effect of written documents, and for better natural language understanding in general. The purpose of this thesis is the automated annotation of rhetorical figures. In the thesis we primarily focus on the figures of repetition, which include the repetition of words, phrases, and clauses. Additionally, we also describe the work we have done on the detection and annotation of figures of parallelism, as well as those that pertain more to the semantics than to the syntax, or positioning. We have developed a rhetorical figure annotation tool dubbed JANTOR (Java ANnotation Tool Of Rhetoric), which enables manual and automated annotation of files in HTML format. We have applied a lexicalized probabilistic context-free grammar parser for the recognition of the figures of repetition. We also describe a simple parse tree distance used for calculating the difference between similarly structured phrases, which is necessary for the recognition of some of the figures of parallelism. Moreover, we have applied the semantic relationships contained in the WordNet lexical database and extended Porter stemmer algorithm for finding derivationally related words. Finally, we present a method for finding pairs of words which are ordinarily contradictory, which is crucial for detecting the interesting figure of speech: oxymoron. For this purpose typed dependency grammars together with WordNet are used. The experiments we have conducted on the detection of selected subset of rhetorical figures have yielded very promising results. Lastly, we present the visualization of the occurrences of the figures and comparison between 14 American presidents' inaugural addresses including the most recent one by President Barack Obama. The provocative results of this comparison show that a) automated analysis of meaningful rhetorical information is possible and tractable, and b) help us with understanding what creates a successful orator.

Linguistic annotation provides additional information asserted with a particular purpose in a document or other piece of information. It is widely used in various fields, from computing and bioinformatics, through imaging, to law and linguistics. There is also a clear distinction between what is communicated through the written/spoken natural language and how this is passed on. A new problem of linguistic annotation is the annotation of classical rhetorical figures --- patterns of text in which a characteristic syntactic form modifies the standard meanings of words, and leads to a change or an extension of meaning. Rhetoric studies the effectiveness of language comprehensively, including its emotional impact, as much as its propositional content. The annotation of rhetorical figures is therefore important not only for the linguistic point of view, but also for discovering different styles of writing, purpose and effect of written documents, and for better natural language understanding in general. The purpose of this thesis is the automated annotation of rhetorical figures. In the thesis we primarily focus on the figures of repetition, which include the repetition of words, phrases, and clauses. Additionally, we also describe the work we have done on the detection and annotation of figures of parallelism, as well as those that pertain more to the semantics than to the syntax, or positioning. We have developed a rhetorical figure annotation tool dubbed JANTOR (Java ANnotation Tool Of Rhetoric), which enables manual and automated annotation of files in HTML format. We have applied a lexicalized probabilistic context-free grammar parser for the recognition of the figures of repetition. We also describe a simple parse tree distance used for calculating the difference between similarly structured phrases, which is necessary for the recognition of some of the figures of parallelism. Moreover, we have applied the semantic relationships contained in the WordNet lexical database and extended Porter stemmer algorithm for finding derivationally related words. Finally, we present a method for finding pairs of words which are ordinarily contradictory, which is crucial for detecting the interesting figure of speech: oxymoron. For this purpose typed dependency grammars together with WordNet are used. The experiments we have conducted on the detection of selected subset of rhetorical figures have yielded very promising results. Lastly, we present the visualization of the occurrences of the figures and comparison between 14 American presidents' inaugural addresses including the most recent one by President Barack Obama. The provocative results of this comparison show that a) automated analysis of meaningful rhetorical information is possible and tractable, and b) help us with understanding what creates a successful orator.

People must frequently sort through and identify relevant materials from a large set of documents. Document triage is a specific form of information collecting where people quickly evaluate a large set of documents from the Internet by reading (or skimming) documents and organizing them into a personal information collection. During triage people can re-read documents, progressively refine their organization, and share results with others. People usually perform triage using multiple applications in concert: a search engine interface presents lists of potentially relevant documents; a document reader displays their content; and a text editor or a more specialized application records notes and assessments. However, people often become disoriented while switching between these subtasks in document triage. This can hinder the interaction between the subtasks and can distract people from focusing on documents of interest. To support document triage, we have developed an environment that infers users’ interests based on their interactions with multiple applications and on an analysis of the characteristics and content of the documents they are interacting with. The inferred user interest is used to relieve disorientation by generating visualizations in multiple applications that help people find documents of interest as well as interesting sections within documents.

Traditional Content-based image retrieval supports image searches based on color, texture and shape. However it is difficult and nonintuitive for most user to use those low level features to query images. And for most user they like search by keywords . For example , recently Google provide services in image search. Although it is named image search , but actually it is search by keywords ,not image-contents. For this reason MPEG-7 now support textual annotation standard which is MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes (DSs) are metadata structures for describing and annotating audio-visual (AV) content. But manual annotation of image or video take time and expensive. we propose a system which could help us to make suitable auto-annotations.We extract the image factal features and use Diverse Density Algorithm for training models. In this way , user and system can interact in real-time . When trained models in database is growing, the system auto-annotation success rate is increasing.

The purpose of the thesis is to examine a selection of papyri from the large corpus of Euripides, Sophocles and Aristophanes. The study of the texts has been divided into three major chapters where each one of the selected papyri is first reproduced and then discussed. The transcription follows the original publication whereas any possible textual improvement is included in the commentary. The commentary also contains a general description of the papyrus (date, layout and content) as well reference to special characteristics. The structure of the commentary is not identical for marginalia and hypomnemata: the former are examined in relation to their position round the main text and are treated both as individual notes and as a group conveying the annotator's aims. The latter are examined lemma by lemma with more emphasis upon their origins and later appearances in scholia and lexica. After the study of the papyri follows an essay which summarizes the results and tries to incorporate them into the wider context of the history of the text of each author and the scholarly attention that this received by the Alexandrian scholars or later grammarians. The main effort is to place each papyrus into one of the various stages that scholarly exegesis passed especially in late antiquity. Special treatment has been given to P.Wurzburg 1, the importance of which made it necessary that it occupies a chapter by itself. The last chapter of the thesis deals with the issue of glosses, namely their origin and use in the margins of papyri. The focus is again on the history of early collections of tragic and comic vocabulary and their appearance in the margins or hypomnemata. The parallel circulation of hypomnemata and glossaries often compiled by the same people and some special features of the glosses in our material led to the conclusion that most glosses at least in the earlier periods were copied from hypomnemata. The thesis ends with a presentation of all conclusions from the previous chapters in relation to the history of scholarship and book production in late antiquity

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Darmstadt.