Thesis (M.S.)--Catholic University of America. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Doctoral)--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1930.

Thesis (Doctoral)--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1930.

Die Verwendung von im Knochen befestigten Implantaten und Endoprothesen aus Titan, sowie Osteosyntheseverfahren mittels Plattenapplikation stellen häufige Routineeingriffe in der Medizin dar. Die Infektion einer Endoprothese oder Osteosyntheseplatte mit Biofilmbildung bedeutet dabei eine schwerwiegende postoperative Komplikation. Ein Schwerpunkt medizinischer Forschung beschäftigt sich aus diesem Grunde mit der Entwicklung antiseptischer Oberflächen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Weiterentwicklung einer in der Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde der Universitätsklinik Würzburg entwickelten elektrochemischen Calciumhydroxidbeschichtung auf Titan. Durch die gezielte Dotierung der Ausgangsschicht mit Silberionen konnte die starke kurzfristige Antisepsis des Calciumhydroxides mit einer wirksamen und langfristigen bakteriziden Wirkung des Silbers kombiniert werden. / The use of bone-fixed implants, endoprosthesis and osteosythesis plates made of titanium are common treatements in medicine. Post-operative infections associated with biofilm-formation are a serious complication in surgery. Therefore, a focus in medical research deals with the developement of antiseptic surface coatings. This study describes the advancement of an electrochemical deposited surface coating made of calcium hydroxide on titanium, developed at “Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde” at University Hospital Würzburg. It was possible to combine the strong short-term antisepsis of calcium hydroxide with an effective long-term bactericide action by silber ions.

<p>Inom operationssjukvård förebyggs postoperativa infektioner genom att operationspersonalen utför preoperativ handdesinfektion. Det finns två handdesinfektionsmetoder som rekommenderas att använda, Metod 1 för alkoholbaserad handdesinfektion (Sterillium) och Metod 2 för antiseptisk handdesinfektion (Hibiscrub). Syftet med studien var att studera och jämföra olika preoperativa handdesinfektionsmetoder inom operationssjukvård. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som baserades på 11 vetenskapliga studier. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline samt via manuella sökningar. Sökorden användes enskilt och i kombination. Jämförelse gjordes av de två rekommenderade handdesinfektionsmetoderna utifrån evidens samt framkomna kategorier: effekter, hudens tolerans och tid. Den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionsmetoden med Sterillium (Metod 1) var betydligt mer effektiv än den preoperativa antiseptiska handdesinfektionsmetoden med Hibiscrub (Metod 2). Den visade även bättre resultat gällande hudens tolerans, operationstidens längd samt att den var mer tidssparande och smidigare att utföra. Det visade sig också ha betydelse på effekten hur den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionen utfördes. I studiens resultat framkom inget som styrkte Metod 2.</p> / Uppsatsseminarium utfördes 2008-05-16

Inom operationssjukvård förebyggs postoperativa infektioner genom att operationspersonalen utför preoperativ handdesinfektion. Det finns två handdesinfektionsmetoder som rekommenderas att använda, Metod 1 för alkoholbaserad handdesinfektion (Sterillium) och Metod 2 för antiseptisk handdesinfektion (Hibiscrub). Syftet med studien var att studera och jämföra olika preoperativa handdesinfektionsmetoder inom operationssjukvård. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som baserades på 11 vetenskapliga studier. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline samt via manuella sökningar. Sökorden användes enskilt och i kombination. Jämförelse gjordes av de två rekommenderade handdesinfektionsmetoderna utifrån evidens samt framkomna kategorier: effekter, hudens tolerans och tid. Den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionsmetoden med Sterillium (Metod 1) var betydligt mer effektiv än den preoperativa antiseptiska handdesinfektionsmetoden med Hibiscrub (Metod 2). Den visade även bättre resultat gällande hudens tolerans, operationstidens längd samt att den var mer tidssparande och smidigare att utföra. Det visade sig också ha betydelse på effekten hur den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionen utfördes. I studiens resultat framkom inget som styrkte Metod 2. / Uppsatsseminarium utfördes 2008-05-16

Ausgangspunkt dieser Dissertation waren 23 aus den Jahren 1883 und 1893 überlieferte handschriftliche Krankenblätter der chirurgischen Abteilung des Juliusspitals zu Würzburg. Ziel war es, anhand dieser Krankenblätter eine retrospektive Sicht in den Operationssaal des Juliusspitals zu ermöglichen und insbesondere die chirurgische Hernienbehandlung im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert zu rekonstruieren. Das Augenmerk galt dem chirurgischen Tagesgeschäft: Es sollte aufgezeigt werden, wie sich dieses innerhalb von 10 Jahren verändert hat und wie diese Veränderung im Kontext interpretiert werden können. Es wurden quantitative und qualitative Aspekte untersucht (quantitative Aspekte: 1. Geschlechterrelation, 2. Relation Überlebende/Verstorbene, 3. Relation operative/konservative Behandlung; qualitative Aspekte: 1. formaler Vergleich, 2. stilistische Vergleich, 3. Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis, 4. Anti-/Asepsis 5. Arzneimittel 6. Heilungsbegriff 7. Vergleich Operationstechniken). Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt dem glücklichen Zufall zu, dass zeitgenössische Publikationen existieren, welche zum Teil die im Original überlieferten Krankengeschichten enthalten. Somit konnte eine Querverbindung zwischen gelehrter Theorie und Praxis gezogen werden und untersucht werden, ob Erstere auch im Alltag umgesetzt wurde. Trotz der nur lückenhaften Überlieferung und der Tatsache, dass die Krankenblätter ursprünglich nicht zu dem Zweck geschrieben wurden, zu welchem sie im Rahmen dieser Dissertation verwendet wurden, war durch sie eine retrospektive Sicht in den Operationssaal des Juliusspitals des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts möglich, welche ohne ihre Überlieferung vom heutigen Standpunkt aus nicht mehr zu rekonstruieren wäre. / Starting point for this dissertation were 23 handwritten medical records of the surgical department of the Juliusspital in Wuerzburg from the years 1883 and 1893. The aim was to provide a retrospective view of the operating room of the Juliusspital and to reconstruct the surgical hernia teratment in the late 19th century. The focus was on the surgical day-to-day business: It should be pointed out, how it has changed in 10 years and how this changes can be interpreted in context. The study examines quantitative and qualitative aspects. The quantitative aspects are: 1. gender ratio, 2. ratio of survivors and deceased 3. relation of operative and conservative treatment. The qualitative aspects are: 1. formal comparison, 2. stylistic comparison, 3. doctor-patient relationship , 4. Anti-/Asepsis, 5. drugs, 6. concept of “being healed”, 7. comparison of surgical techniques. The dissertation draws on contemporary publications which contain some of the original medical histories of the study. This allowed a cross-connection between theory and practice and offered the possibility to check whether the learned theory was also implemented in everyday life. Despite the only sketchy tradition and the fact that the medical records were not originally written for the purpose for which they were used in this thesis they provide a retrospective view in the operating room of the Juliusspital in the late 19th Century, which could not be reconstructed without them.

O reconhecimento da importância da higiene das mãos (HM) e a baixa adesão são aspectos amplamente documentados e, ainda não resolvidos. Nesse sentido, um dos desafios que merece ser analisado se reporta ao apoio organizacional para antissepsia alcoólica das mãos. Objetivo: Analisar aspectos associados à infra-estrutura para o uso de preparação alcoólica na higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde com a finalidade de identificar as dificuldades e/ou facilidades considerando a importância dos fatores externos sobre as funções auto-reguladoras da autoeficácia, segundo o referencial teórico de A. Bandura. Trata-se de um estudo seccional realizado com profissionais da saúde por meio de entrevistas individuais. O instrumento foi submetido à validação de conteúdo com especialistas da área. Utilizou-se a dupla digitação no Microsoft Excel, SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science 17.0) na análise estatística descritiva e inferencial (com nível de significância de p<0,05). Totalizou-se 318 profissionais de saúde com predominância das mulheres, faixa etária entre 26 a 35 anos, dos quais os auxiliares de enfermagem foram os mais freqüentes seguidos dos enfermeiros, médicos, entre outros. Na atualização do conhecimento a pesquisa informatizada foi a mais utilizada, e (76,7%) referiram que o treinamento sobre HM foi realizado na instituição em que atuam. E, com relação ao conteúdo apenas (13,6%) dos auxiliares, (14,7%) dos técnicos de enfermagem (8,1%) dos enfermeiros e (5,4%) dos médicos entrevistados conhecem a diretriz atual de HM preconizada pela OMS e ANVISA. Outro resultado se reportou as queixas sendo o ressecamento o mais mencionado (49,8%) seguida da viscosidade, da velocidade de secagem (p=0,001), ausência do produto e odor . A postura das chefias na ótica dos entrevistados representou a principal estratégia para promover a higiene das mãos, seguida do conhecimento e da vigilância dos órgãos competentes. No computo geral os profissionais estão satisfeitos (47,8%) quanto ao uso da preparação alcoólica, contudo 40,6% referem ausência do produto nas unidades em estudo. Diante dos resultados é possível inferir que a mudança do sistema é necessária, entretanto, a manutenção dessa mudança é ainda mais importante e baseia-se em apoio contínuo individual, coletivo e institucional. / Recognition of the importance of hand hygiene (HH) and low compliance aspects are well documented, yet unresolved. In that sense, one of the challenges that should be considered analyzed reports to organizational support for alcohol hand antisepsis. Objective: To analyze aspects related to infrastructure of alcohol-based preparation in health-care workers (HCWs) hand hygiene in order to identify the difficulties and / or facilities considering the importance of external factors on self-regulatory functions of self-efficacy, according to the theoretical Bandura, A. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with health-care workers (HCWs) through individual interviews. The instrument was submitted to content validation with experts in the field. We used a duplicate entry in Microsoft Excel, SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science 17.0) in descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (significance level p <0.05). Obtained a total of 318 health professionals with a predominance of women, aged 26 to 35 years, of which auxiliary nurses were the most frequent followed by nurses, doctors, among others. Knowledge update with on line research was the most used, and (76.7%) reported that training on HH was performed at the institution where they work. And regards to its content only (13.6%) of auxiliary nurses, (14.7%) of technicians (8.1%), and nurses (5.4%) of doctors interviewed which has known the current policy of HH recommended by WHO and ANVISA. Another result is reported of complains, being the most mentioned dryness (49.8%) followed by viscosity, drying speed (p = 0.001), absence of product and odor. The attitude of managers in the view of the participants interviewed was the main strategy to promote hand hygiene, then knowledge and surveillance of appropriate agencies. Overall the professionals are satisfied (47.8%) using of alcohol-based preparations, however 40.6% report absence of product in units under study. Considering the results we can infer that the system has to change, however, the maintenance of these changes is even more important and is based on continued support individual, collective and institutional.

This thesis is an investigation of the use of various infection control practices, including hand hygiene, in companion animal veterinary clinics and a public petting zoo. Video observation of petting zoo visitors found overall hand hygiene compliance was 58% (340/583). Improved signage with offering hand sanitizer (odds ratio (OR) 3.38, p<0.001) and verbal hand hygiene reminders (OR 1.73, p=0.037) had a significant positive association with compliance. Video observation of preoperative preparation practices in ten veterinary clinics found contact times with preparatory solutions were often shorter than recommended: 10-462s for patients and 7-529s for surgeons using soap and water. Practices that did not conform to guidelines available in major companion animal surgical textbooks were commonly observed. A survey of veterinary staff found that over 80% of respondents ranked hand hygiene as of high importance in all clinical situations queried. The most frequently reported reason for not performing hand hygiene was forgetting to do so (40%, 141/353). Video observation of various infection control practices in 47 veterinary clinics found that poor sharps handling practices were common, yet only one needlestick injury was observed. Exam tables were cleaned following 76% (2015/2646) of appointments, and contact time with spray used to do so ranged from 0-4611s (mean 39s, median 9s). Appropriate personal protective clothing was worn for 72% (3518/4903) of staff-animal contacts. Video observation of hand hygiene practices in 38 veterinary clinics found overall hand hygiene compliance was 14% (1473/10894). Soap and water was used for 87% (1182/1353) of observed hand hygiene attempts with a mean contact time of 4s (median 2s, range 1-49s). A hand hygiene poster campaign had no significant effect on compliance. There is clearly room for improvement with regard to many frequently used infection control measures in veterinary clinics in Ontario. Use of active interventions to improve practices such as hand hygiene should be investigated in clinics, as such measures have been effective in other settings. The video monitoring system used in this research may be a useful tool for conducting these and similar studies in the future. A better infection control culture needs to be established in veterinary medicine. Accompanying data files are located at: http://hdl.handle.net/10864/10445 / Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Ontario Veterinary College Pet Trust, Canada Foundation for Innovation

O reconhecimento da importância da higiene das mãos (HM) e a baixa adesão são aspectos amplamente documentados e, ainda não resolvidos. Nesse sentido, um dos desafios que merece ser analisado se reporta ao apoio organizacional para antissepsia alcoólica das mãos. Objetivo: Analisar aspectos associados à infra-estrutura para o uso de preparação alcoólica na higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde com a finalidade de identificar as dificuldades e/ou facilidades considerando a importância dos fatores externos sobre as funções auto-reguladoras da autoeficácia, segundo o referencial teórico de A. Bandura. Trata-se de um estudo seccional realizado com profissionais da saúde por meio de entrevistas individuais. O instrumento foi submetido à validação de conteúdo com especialistas da área. Utilizou-se a dupla digitação no Microsoft Excel, SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science 17.0) na análise estatística descritiva e inferencial (com nível de significância de p<0,05). Totalizou-se 318 profissionais de saúde com predominância das mulheres, faixa etária entre 26 a 35 anos, dos quais os auxiliares de enfermagem foram os mais freqüentes seguidos dos enfermeiros, médicos, entre outros. Na atualização do conhecimento a pesquisa informatizada foi a mais utilizada, e (76,7%) referiram que o treinamento sobre HM foi realizado na instituição em que atuam. E, com relação ao conteúdo apenas (13,6%) dos auxiliares, (14,7%) dos técnicos de enfermagem (8,1%) dos enfermeiros e (5,4%) dos médicos entrevistados conhecem a diretriz atual de HM preconizada pela OMS e ANVISA. Outro resultado se reportou as queixas sendo o ressecamento o mais mencionado (49,8%) seguida da viscosidade, da velocidade de secagem (p=0,001), ausência do produto e odor . A postura das chefias na ótica dos entrevistados representou a principal estratégia para promover a higiene das mãos, seguida do conhecimento e da vigilância dos órgãos competentes. No computo geral os profissionais estão satisfeitos (47,8%) quanto ao uso da preparação alcoólica, contudo 40,6% referem ausência do produto nas unidades em estudo. Diante dos resultados é possível inferir que a mudança do sistema é necessária, entretanto, a manutenção dessa mudança é ainda mais importante e baseia-se em apoio contínuo individual, coletivo e institucional. / Recognition of the importance of hand hygiene (HH) and low compliance aspects are well documented, yet unresolved. In that sense, one of the challenges that should be considered analyzed reports to organizational support for alcohol hand antisepsis. Objective: To analyze aspects related to infrastructure of alcohol-based preparation in health-care workers (HCWs) hand hygiene in order to identify the difficulties and / or facilities considering the importance of external factors on self-regulatory functions of self-efficacy, according to the theoretical Bandura, A. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with health-care workers (HCWs) through individual interviews. The instrument was submitted to content validation with experts in the field. We used a duplicate entry in Microsoft Excel, SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science 17.0) in descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (significance level p <0.05). Obtained a total of 318 health professionals with a predominance of women, aged 26 to 35 years, of which auxiliary nurses were the most frequent followed by nurses, doctors, among others. Knowledge update with on line research was the most used, and (76.7%) reported that training on HH was performed at the institution where they work. And regards to its content only (13.6%) of auxiliary nurses, (14.7%) of technicians (8.1%), and nurses (5.4%) of doctors interviewed which has known the current policy of HH recommended by WHO and ANVISA. Another result is reported of complains, being the most mentioned dryness (49.8%) followed by viscosity, drying speed (p = 0.001), absence of product and odor. The attitude of managers in the view of the participants interviewed was the main strategy to promote hand hygiene, then knowledge and surveillance of appropriate agencies. Overall the professionals are satisfied (47.8%) using of alcohol-based preparations, however 40.6% report absence of product in units under study. Considering the results we can infer that the system has to change, however, the maintenance of these changes is even more important and is based on continued support individual, collective and institutional.