This thesis adopts a mixed-method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis to discuss the role of women, especially female speakers and addressees, in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica. In addition to the traditional individual mortal and divine speech roles, discourse categories such as the influence of the Muses, the presentation of female personifications, female collectives, frame and inserted speakers, and goddesses in disguise are also taken into consideration. The study shows that, despite the shared subject matter and greatly overlapping ensemble of speakers, Valerius makes significant changes in nearly all categories of female speech representation. Valerius entirely omits some of Apollonius’ female speech acts, reduces speeches from oratio recta to mere speech summaries, replaces Greek goddesses with similar, but not equivalent Roman speakers, assigns new speech roles to previously silent female characters, adds important new episodes with female speakers that do not occur in Apollonius’ epic, changes the speech contexts, the conversational behaviour and the overall characterization of speakers – in isolated individual instances as well as in more complex character portrayals. Valerius even modifies or transfers entire discourse patterns such as conversational deceit in speech and silence, or divine disguise, from one speaker group to another, usually of the opposite sex. Valerius transforms the Apollonian arrangement of a male-dominated, 'epic' first half following the invocation of Apollo and a second female, 'elegiac' half with many female speech acts and epiphanies, after a revision of the narrator’s relationship with the Muses, into a more traditional portrayal of the Muses and a much more balanced occurrence and continued influence of female speakers. The different female voices of the Argonautica, especially Juno, can continuously be heard in the Flavian epic and provide the reader with an alternative perspective on the events. Even the less prominent female speakers are part of a well-balanced and refined structural arrangement and show influences of several pre-texts, which they sometimes self-consciously address and use to their advantage. There can be no doubt that, like Apollonius, Valerius does not merely use female speech acts to characterise the male protagonists, but follows a clear structuring principle. Whereas Apollonius in accordance with his revised invocation of the Muses concentrates the female speech acts in the second half of his epic, especially the final book, Valerius links episodes and individual characterizations through same-sex and opposite-sex speaker doublets and triplets that can be ascribed to and explained by Jupiter’s declaration of the Fata. From Juno’s unofficial opening monologue to Medea’s emotional closing argument, the female voice accompanies and guides the reader through the epic. The female perspective is not the dominant view, but rather one of many perspectives (divine, mortal, female, male, old, young, servant, ruler, et al.) that complement the primary viewpoint of the poet and the male, mortal protagonists and offer an alternative interpretation.

Cette thèse propose une synthèse autour des différents rôles de la lumière et de l'obscurité dans les Argonautiques d'Apollonios de Rhodes. Ce sujet comporte une forte composante lexicale, qui fait l'objet d'une étude dans la première partie, où les vocabulaires de la lumière et de l'obscurité chez Apollonios sont comparés aux emplois homériques. Ce thème interroge également les catégories de l'espace et du temps dans la mesure où lumière et obscurité structurent la narration autant qu'elles la déstructurent et proposent un itinéraire placé à la croisée de la barbarie et de la civilisation, état d'entre-deux qui reflète bien les craintes de l'époque alexandrine. La dialectique de la lumière et de l'obscurité permet aussi de mettre en perspective la notion d'héroïsme placée au cœur de l'épopée : la brillance des armes homériques fait alors place à l'éclat de la séduction, arme principale de Jason dont la valeur se mesure surtout dans le domaine érotique. Ce transfert des valeurs traditionnelles de la lumière sur le plan masculin s'accompagne d'une affirmation des pouvoirs féminins en contexte nocturne. Une quatrième partie interroge enfin le statut littéraire des Argonautiques à l'aune de la dialectique entre lumière et obscurité : l'épopée au long cours dénigrée par Callimaque peut en effet être lue comme un recueil poétique de pièces autonomes et une galerie de tableaux correspondant aux canons de l'esthétique hellénistique. Le dieu Apollon, dieu de la lumière et de la poésie placé au centre de l'oeuvre d'Apollonios, se fait le porte-parole privilégié d'un auteur au nom si proche du sien et devient le destinataire d'une sorte d'hymne atomisé qui mêle célébration poétique et réflexions métapoétiques. / Through this thesis, we aim to prove the various roles played by light and darkness in Apollonius Rhodius'Argonautica. In the first part, a lexical study specifically explores the terms expressing the ideas of light and darkness, in comparison to the Homeric references. Our thematic also tackles the issue of the construction of space and time, a notorious one in the Hellenistic period. The epic's structure is indeed based on the light and darkness' duality, but the threat of darkness symbolizing chaos is never far from the Argonauts who constantly struggle with barbarians and on the contrary symbolize Greek enlightment and civilization. The light and darkness'couple also allows us to give a new perspective on heroism, which is a central issue in Apollonius'poem. Whereas Homeric warriors project martial light due to their armour's glistening, Jason appears as love-hero shining with his purple cloak, an Hellenistic artefact replacing Achilles'shield described in the Iliad. At the same time, we can observe a kind of empowerment on the feminine side during the scenes occuring at night. In the fourth and last part, light and darkness endorse a metapoetical value, as they build a new kind of epic, like a collection of brief literary pieces joined together by a common celebration of Apollo, god of both poetry and light. Apollonius'Argonautica can therefore be seen as a prefiguration of Philostratus'Imagines, as it is built around a succession of vivid poetical paintings.

Este trabalho pretende discutir de que forma a noção de heroísmo foi abordada nas Argonáuticas de Apolônio de Rodes em oposição ao conceito de herói presente nos poemas homéricos. A análise se baseará na distinção entre as personagens Jasão e Héracles como exemplos de modos de atuação díspares e conflitantes no poema. A tradução dos livros I e n das Argonáuticas complementa o estudo. / This work intends to discuss the notion of heroism present in Apollonius Rhodius\' Argonautica in opposition to the concept of hero in Homeric poems. The analysis is based on the distinction between the characters Jason and Heracles as examples of different and conflicting ways of action. The translation of Argonautica books I and n complements the study.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1930. / "Bibliographical index": p. [133]-135.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1930. / "Bibliographical index": p. [133]-135.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2015-11-09T15:46:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1967459 bytes, checksum: a691ca832c8c32056bec4fdb8b24f47a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-10T11:33:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1967459 bytes, checksum: a691ca832c8c32056bec4fdb8b24f47a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-10T11:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1967459 bytes, checksum: a691ca832c8c32056bec4fdb8b24f47a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work was developed with the aim of presenting a new approach within the Geometry, the Inversion. The Inversive Geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry that has several applications, mainly related to problems of tangency. This new Geometry is presented throughout this work in order to solve the ten problems of Apollonius. All constructions are carried out with the aid of a Dynamic Geometry software, Geogebra. Since the work is directed to teachers and students of basic education, then there is a proposed roadmap for the reader to participate in the construction of the solutions of these problems process, which will enable the development of creativity, logical thinking, reasoning and practice of geometric constructions. / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de apresentar uma nova abordagem dentro da Geometria; a Inversão. A Geometria Inversiva é uma Geometria não Euclidiana que possui inúmeras aplicações, principalmente relacionada a problemas de tangência. Essa nova Geometria é apresentada ao longo desse trabalho com o objetivo de solucionar os dez problemas de Apolônio. Todas as construções são realizadas com o auxílio de um software de Geometria Dinâmica; o Geogebra. Como o trabalho é direcionado para professores e alunos do ensino básico, então há uma proposta de roteiro para que o leitor possa participar do processo de construção das soluções dos referidos problemas, o que possibilitará o desenvolvimento da criatividade, do pensamento lógico, da argumentação e da prática em construções geométricas.

Este trabalho pretende discutir de que forma a noção de heroísmo foi abordada nas Argonáuticas de Apolônio de Rodes em oposição ao conceito de herói presente nos poemas homéricos. A análise se baseará na distinção entre as personagens Jasão e Héracles como exemplos de modos de atuação díspares e conflitantes no poema. A tradução dos livros I e n das Argonáuticas complementa o estudo. / This work intends to discuss the notion of heroism present in Apollonius Rhodius\' Argonautica in opposition to the concept of hero in Homeric poems. The analysis is based on the distinction between the characters Jason and Heracles as examples of different and conflicting ways of action. The translation of Argonautica books I and n complements the study.

This thesis is a study of embedded song in ancient Greek narrative poetry. The introduction defines the terminology (embedded song is defined as the depiction of the performance of a poem within a larger poem, such as the songs of Demodocus in Homer’s Odyssey) and sets the study in the context of recent narratological work done by scholars of Classical literature. This section of the thesis also contains a brief discussion of embedded song in the Homeric epics, which will form the background of all later examples of the motif. Chapter 1 deals with embedded song in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod’s Theogony. It is argued that the occurrence of embedded song across these poems indicates that the motif is a traditional feature of early Greek hexameter poetry, while the possibility of “inter-textual” allusion between these poems is considered, but finally dismissed. Chapter 2 focuses on Pindar, Bacchylides and Corinna, and explores how lyric poets use this motif in the various sub-genres of Greek lyric. In epinician poetry, it is argued that embedded song is used as a strategy of praise and also to boost the authority of the poet-narrator by association with the embedded performers, who can be seen to have in each case a particular source of authority distinct from that of the poet narrator. Chapter 3 considers the Hellenistic poets Apollonius Rhodius and Theocritus, and how their interest in depicting oral poetry meshes with their identity as literate and literary poets. Appendix I gives a list of all the examples of embedded song I have found in Greek poetry. Appendix II gives an account of Pindar’s Hymn to Zeus, a highly fragmentary poem which almost certainly contained an embedded song, analysing this as an example of the difficulties thrown up by lyric fragments for a study of embedded narratives.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Márcio Fabiano da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional - PROFMAT, 2014. / Inspirado em um capítulo do Livro de I. M. Yaglom [7], neste trabalho estudaremos a geometria inversiva a m de resolver alguns dos antigos problemas de Apolônio de Pérgamo, apenas com o uso de régua e compasso ou com o auxílio de um software de geometria dinâmica. / Based on the work of I. M. Yaglom [7], in this work we study the inversive geometry to solve some old problems of Apollonius of Pergamum , just using a ruler and compass or with the aid of a dynamic geometry software.

Il est reconnu que la poésie hellénistique a donné à l’expression du sentiment amoureux une importance inédite, mais la rupture que constitue ce fait littéraire par rapport aux œuvres du passé n’a cependant pas toujours été suffisamment mise en avant. Cette étude propose donc d’examiner les spécificités de cette représentation de l’amour et de montrer qu’elle ressortit principalement au registre pathétique. Ainsi, dans une perspective diachronique, elle s’attache tout d’abord à rappeler les particularités de la représentation de l’amour dans la poésie des époques archaïque et classique, et à montrer notamment le rôle secondaire qu’y tient cette thématique. Puis, après avoir analysé les caractéristiques, complexes mais toujours éminemment négatives, que les poètes hellénistiques attribuent à l’amour, essentiellement réduit pour eux à l’ἔρως, elle examine les modalités précises de son expression pathétique, une innovation importante grâce à laquelle la thématique amoureuse a pu accéder en littérature au rang d’un véritable sentiment. Cette étude permet enfin de montrer que la représentation pathétique du sentiment amoureux est l’une des clefs pour comprendre plusieurs caractéristiques et enjeux fondamentaux de la poésie hellénistique, à propos de laquelle il convient de parler d’une véritable poétique de l’amour. En effet, le pathétique amoureux peut s’y lire comme un paradigme méta-poétique qui ne reflète pas seulement les nouvelles valeurs esthétiques de l’époque hellénistique mais également les conditions, inédites, de création et de réception des œuvres littéraires, en particulier dans leurs rapports, aussi étroits qu’ambigus, aux cours royales et à la tradition. / Hellenistic poetry attributed an importance to love never encountered in poetry before. This literary break with the past has only ever received scant attention. This study sets out to examine the specifics of how love was represented and to show how it essentially emerges from the pathetic register. From a diachronic perspective, the study aims to focus on the particular characteristics of the representation of love in the poetry of the classical and archaic periods, and above all demonstrate the secondary role the theme was accorded. After an analysis of the complex, but always eminently negative, characteristics, attributed to love by Hellenistic poets, which, to them, is essentially reduced to ἔρως, the study examines the precise modalities of its expression through pathos, an important innovation through which the theme of love became recognised as a genuine feeling in literature. This study ultimately enables us to show that the pathetic representation of love is one of the keys to understanding several characteristics and fundamental issues of Hellenistic poetry, through a genuine poetics of love. Romantic pathos can indeed be interpreted here as a meta-poetic paradigm which does not only reflect the new aesthetic values of the Hellenistic age but also the new conditions of creation and reception of literary works, in particular in their close and ambiguous relationships with royal courts and tradition.