Age estimation in living individuals around the legal age of 18 years remains a difficult challenge, with limited options available. In this study third molar development was used, along with the novel method of anterior inferior vertebral ring apophysis development, to assess the age of living individuals and the probability of being 18 years. For third molar development, panoramic radiographs of 705 white and 563 black South Africans were scored using a 10 stage scoring system. Vertebral apophysis development of C2, C3, and C4 of 496 white and 478 black South Africans were assessed from cephalometric radiographs, using a four-stage scoring system. Likelihood values were determined for individuals in each sex and population group being 18 years, based on developmental stages. For apophysis development, the median ages for attainment of stages 0, 1, and 2 were below the 18-year threshold for all ancestry and sex groups, while stage 3 was also below this threshold in some groups. For third molar development, black South African individuals consistently matured earlier than white South African individuals, while for most of the stages the opposite was true for apophysis development. Differences between the sexes were also noted for third molar, but not for vertebral apophysis development. These age indicators were also combined by using a generalised linear model (GLM). The combined sample comprised of 165 females and 122 males aged between 15 and 18 years. Four additional models were obtained from data sets only containing data for third molar and cervical ring apophysis development respectively. The performance of all the models were quantified and compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) as an estimator of the relative quality of the statistical models and the prediction error as a mean square error value. The best performance resulted from third molar development, although the vertebral data adds a component related to skeletal development which may better reflect biological reality. These results show that cervical vertebral apophysis development is a valuable, novel addition to the assessment of age in living individuals. Both these methods are easy to use and can be assessed from standard and routinely used radiographic images. The developed models need to be sex and ancestry specific, as clear differences were noted. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Anatomy / PhD / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GildasioLL_TESE.pdf: 952665 bytes, checksum: 96197adbbfc671543c2756fd03d62d1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-17 / Osgood-Schlatter (O-S) syndrome, a pathology of the musculoskeletal system, exhibits high incidence in adolescence, a phase of accelerated bone growth. Detection of physiopathological mechanisms that may cause disorders and dysfunctions in bone growth must be taken into account when planning physical activities, in order to promote normal physiological growth patterns. The aim of this epidemiological investigation was to identify and analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical aspects and O-S. A cross-sectional design was used, with a representative sample of 956 subjects: 474 (49.6%) males and 482 (50.4%) females. Age range varied between 12 and 15 years (mean = 13.7?1.04). We used a battery of tests, previously applied in a pilot study, which met the aims of the investigation. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) were used and the odds ratio was calculated from bivariate and multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05). A prevalence of 9.8% was found (n = 94 cases): 11% males and 8.3% females. Hierarchized multivariate analysis showed a significant association between regular physical activities (OR= 1.94; CI 95%, 1.22-3.10) and shortening of the rectus femoris muscle (OR= 7.15; CI 95%, 2.86-17.86). The results may serve as a basis for therapeutic and prophylactic measures, in addition to increasing our knowledge of this syndrome in Brazilian adolescents. This investigation used a multidisciplinary approach, involving elements of anatomy, nutrition, physical education and physical therapy to elucidate the object under study related to Osgood-Schlatter syndrome / A S?ndrome de Osgood-Schlatter (O-S) representa uma enfermidade do sistema m?sculo-esquel?tico com uma incid?ncia elevada na adolesc?ncia, fase onde se evidencia uma acelera??o do crescimento ?sseo. A detec??o de mecanismos fisiopatol?gicos que possam gerar dist?rbios e disfun??es do crescimento ?sseo, representam fatores de prote??o e devem ser considerados nas a??es de planejamento de atividades f?sicas, visando propiciar um crescimento dentro de padr?es fisiol?gicos. O objetivo dessa investiga??o epidemiol?gica foi identificar e analisar as rela??es dos aspectos s?cio-demogr?ficos, antropom?tricos e cl?nicos com a O-S. Este estudo teve um delineamento transversal, com uma amostra representativa 956 sujeitos, sendo 474 (49,6%) do sexo masculino e 482 (50,4%)do sexo feminino. A faixa et?ria variou de 12 a 15 anos (m?dia = 13,7?1,04). Para o exame cl?nico, foi utilizada uma bateria de testes que atendesse aos objetivos da investiga??o; testes estes previamente aplicados em um estudo piloto. Para an?lise foram utilizados procedimentos da estat?stica descritiva (frequ?ncia, m?dia e desvio padr?o) e o c?lculo da raz?o de chance (Odds Ratio) mediante regress?o log?stica bivariada e multivariada; p<0,05. Encontrou-se uma preval?ncia de 9,8% (n=94 casos), sendo 11% para o sexo masculino e 8,3% para o feminino, nos quais, a partir de an?lise multivariada hierarquizada, verificou-se associa??o significativa na pr?tica regular de atividades (OR= 1,94; IC 95%, 1,22-3,10) com o encurtamento do m?sculo reto femoral (OR= 7,15; IC 95%, 2,86-17,86). Os resultados do estudo poder?o servir como base terap?utica e na tomada de medidas profil?ticas, al?m de possibilitar um aprofundamento no que se sabe sobre acerca desta s?ndrome entre os adolescentes brasileiros. Esta investiga??o teve a xv abordagem multidisciplinar, momento em que envolveu elementos da anatomia, nutri??o, educa??o f?sica e fisioterapia na elucida??o do objeto de estudo relacionado ? s?ndrome de Osgood-Schlatter

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