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The heterogeneous structure and dynamic nature of web applications have made the testing procedure a challenge. Producing high-quality web applications can be performed by conducting appropriate testing techniques. As a result, several white-box and session-based testing techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this work, the performance and effectiveness of these testing techniques are evaluated in terms of fault detection on a simulated PHP online bookstore. The testing techniques are examined with the use of PHPUnit, xDebug and Selenium automated testing tools. We believe that combining the testing techniques with appropriate automated testing tools (PHPUnit and Selenium) can be effective in terms of fault detection and time spent to construct and run test cases on PHP web applications. The results show that some testing techniques are preferred. We also identify categories of faults that are amenable to detection by each of the techniques, as well as categories of faults that are difficult to detect by any of the techniques. Moreover, using the automated tools has helped in automating the conduct of the tests and in reducing the time required to perform them. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This thesis is missing pages 68, 118, 129 and 189 and these pages are not in any other copies of the thesis. -Digitization Centre / This thesis is a design of a three-dimensional plotting routine for the computer facilities at McMaster University with a subroutine to adopt the package for use on other computer systems and is divided into four sections. Section A is a review of the necessity of computerized plotting in science and engineering design with particular emphasis on software sophistication, which is the subject of this work. Section B describes the principles employed and the basic logic of the software package. The method by which a three-dimensional solid is mapped is also explained. Section C is a complete user's guide to the package. Section D deals with some applications for the package such as the solution of design optimization problems, visual analysis of data sets, an aid to teaching and combined interpolation and display of experimental results. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) was first published in 1999, by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), to be the standard for multimedia transfers. SIP is a peer-to-peer signaling protocol that is capable of initiating, modifying, and terminating media sessions. SIP utilizes existing Internet Protocols (IP) such as Domain Name Service (DNS) and the Session Description Protocol (SDP), allowing it to seamlessly integrate into existing IP networks. As SIP has matured and gained acceptance, its deficiencies when functioning as a multipoint communications protocol have become apparent. SIP currently supports two modes of operation referred to as conferencing and multicasting. Conferencing is the unicast transmission of session information between conference members. Multicasting uses IP multicast to distribute session information. This thesis proposes an extension for the Session Initiation Protocol that improves functionality for multipoint communications. When using conferencing, a SIP user-agent has limited information about the conference it is taking part in. This extension increases the awareness of a SIP node by providing it with complete conference membership information, the ability to detect neighboring node failures, and the ability to automatically repair conference partitions. Signaling for conferencing was defined and integrated into a standard SIP implementation where it was used to demonstrate the above capabilities. Using a prototype implementation, the additional functionality was shown to come at the cost of a modest increase in transaction message size and processing complexity. IP multicast has limited deployment in today's networks reducing the usability of this useful feature. Since IP multicast support is not guaranteed, the use of application layer multicast protocols is proposed to replace the use of IP multicast. An efficient means of negotiating an application layer protocol is proposed as well as the ability to provide the protocol with session information to begin operation. A ring protocol was defined and implemented using the proposed extension. Performance testing revealed that the application layer protocol had slightly higher processing complexity than conferencing, but on average had a smaller transaction message size. / Master of Science

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is being adopted in networks around the world as the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addressing space reaches its maximum capacity. Although there are IPv6 applications being developed, there are not many production IPv6 networks in place in which these applications can be deployed. Simulation presents a cost effective alternative to setting up a live test bed of devices to validate specific IPv6 environments before actual physical deployment. OPNET Modeler provides the capability to simulate the IPv6 protocol and System-in-the-Loop, an add-on module, allows for real communication traffic from physical devices to be converted and sent over the simulated network. This research has developed a campus framework, modeled after the Virginia Tech Blacksburg campus, to verify and validate standard and custom IPv6 applications. Specifically, the framework was used to test MT6D, a custom IPv6 security application developed in the Virginia Tech IT Security Lab (ITSL) as well as test Voice over IP (VoIP) as a somewhat bandwidth demanding benchmarking standard application. The work presented shows that simulation helped to identify potential issues within the applications and verified the results after fixes were applied. It also reveals challenges and shortcomings of OPNET Modeler's IPv6 implementation and presents potential solutions to these problems. / Master of Science

The massive rise in Computer Science enrollments in both traditional classroom courses and in Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs) shows the enormous opportunities in engaging students to learn programming. While the number of students in CS courses continues to increase, there has been no concomitant increase in the number of instructors for such courses. This leads to a completely lopsided learning environment where the already-stretched instructor is pressed to spend more time on ancillary tasks like grading and course bookkeeping. CodeWorkout is an online drill-and-practice system with course management features that aims to address these issues. CodeWorkout hosts an online repository of programming questions that instructors can incorporate into their courses. It also provides instructors with a facility to create their own programming questions so that exercises can be tailored according to the needs of the class. CodeWorkout has an open gradual engagement model that allows students who are not enrolled in a course to use it. CodeWorkout also creates an open environment for instructors to collaborate by sharing exercises that they create. CodeWorkout has been used in four courses at Virginia Tech. It has been shown to significantly improve the student's skills in introductory programming through providing a number of online practice questions. / Master of Science

Horizontal curves are a contributing factor for numerous deaths on roadways. The curve characteristics dictate the severity of the curve and require the driver to be more attentive while driving. To address this issue, advisory speeds are posted on horizontal curves to warn drivers to slow down for their safety. There are six main procedures to assign advisory speeds. This paper focuses on two of these methods, finds a connection between the two, and develops an Android Application that can be used to determine an advisory speed for a curve. In this work, a brief summary of the six existing methods for advisory speed assignment are discussed. Pros and cons are included for each for comparison purposes. Next, two of these methods are highlighted by applying them in the field. Data is collected and a relationship between them is determined. Using this relationship, an Android Application is created and the various details of the design process are described. This Application, called CurveAdvisor, allows the user to assign the appropriate advisory speed on a desired horizontal curve. An analysis is then conducted to test the effectiveness of CurveAdvisor. Results indicate that CurveAdvisor is successful in many cases. Finally, contributions and suggestions for future work are included. / Master of Science

Two experiments were designed to study efficacy and uptake and translocation of an ester formulation of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) in four solvents, aromatic solvent, aliphatic solvent, vegetable oil, and kerosene following stem applications to red maple (Acer rubrum), white oak (Quercus alba), and Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana). Another objective was to explore correlations between efficacy and uptake and translocation. Additional objectives included examining the influence of concentration, dose, and stem diameter on efficacy and the influence of bark thickness and season of treatment on uptake and translocation. Concentration ranged from 0.25 to 1 lb a.e./gallon in the efficacy study and was 1 lb a.e./gallon in the uptake study. Dose ranged from 0.4 to 2 ml/cm of stem diameter in the efficacy study and was 0.15 ml/cm of stem diameter in the uptake study. Efficacy evaluations were made 14 months following treatment in June. C¹⁴- triclopyr was used to determine uptake and translocation. Saplings in the uptake study were harvested three weeks following treatments in February, May, and July. Aliphatic solvent, vegetable oil, and kerosene treatments resulted in excellent crown volume control, largely independent of concentration, dose, and stem diameter. Aromatic solvent gave poorer results, dependent on concentration, dose, and stem diameter, except among the maples. Herbicide uptake with the vegetable oil treatment was greatest. The other solvents provided similar levels of uptake. Uptake was greatest among the maples, the thinnest-barked species, and about equal in the oaks and pines. Discrepancies between solvent differences in the efficacy and the uptake studies may have been, in part, a consequence of smaller doses used in the uptake study along with conditions which likely promoted greater solvent evaporation than those under which the efficacy study was performed. Faster evaporation of the kerosene and aliphatic solvents may have reduced their penetration of the outer bark while slower evaporation of aromatic solvent and vegetable oil likely had less influence on their penetration. Stem diameter correlated negatively with crown volume control, despite basing dose on stem diameter, suggesting that the square of diameter, or stem volume, may be a more appropriate basis for determining doses. Uptake correlated negatively with bark thickness. Uptake did not vary significantly among seasons but translocation did. Movement to the leaves occurred following the May and July treatment but virtually none to leaves or buds following the February treatment. The high degree of sprouting which occurred among saplings in the May treatment compared with none among saplings in the July treatment would suggest that downward translocation of herbicide was greater in July. / Master of Science

M.S.