Ce travail propose une étude de l'enseignement/apprentissage du créole et du français en milieu scolaire haïtien en partant du double point de vue épistémologique et historique. Du point de vue épistémologique, il entend montrer les failles de la perspective adoptée par la majorité des linguistes qui ont travaillé sur ce thème. En envisageant l'écriture comme simple transcription de l'oral, ces linguistes ignorent les difficultés que pose l'entrée du créole haïtien dans les domaines de l'écriture et de la scolarisation. Une instabilité de la définition des concepts grammaticaux et une vision univoque de l'expression en créole sont les deux conséquences qui découlent de cette conception. Si les démarches contrastives veulent rapprocher créole et français sur le plan syntaxique, elles laissent toujours de côté le problème discursif et textuel. Livrés à eux-mêmes, les auteurs de manuels et les enseignants n'osent pas se détacher de la tradition. Du point de vue historique, nous montrons que l'école haïtienne hérite du modèle de l'école française de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle. Cet héritage consiste en un réseau interdiscursif et intertextuel complexe. ignoré, ce réseau est le socle sur lequel s'appuient 85% d'enseignants sans formation initial. En répétant les discours et textes disponibles, ces enseignants véhiculent, inconsciemment, des contradictions qui font barrage aux ambitions communicationnelles envisagées par les reformes scolaires. A partir de ce double constat, cette étude propose d'effectuer un tournant vers une nouvelle conception de l'appropriation de l'écrit et de l'oral. Cette démarche prend en considération les incidents anthropologiques de l'écriture et les exigences de l'agir communicationnel. Plusieurs pistes ont été dégagées. La principale consiste en une orientation sociodiscursive des recherches sur le créole Haïtien. / This work proposes a study of the teaching and learning of French and Creole in Haitian schools starting from the points of view of history and epistemology. From the epistemological point of view, it entends to show the limitations of the approach taken by most linguists who have worked in this area. Considering writing as simple transcription of the the spoken, theses linguists ignoe the difficulties posed by the adoption of Haitian Creole into the fields of literacy and education. A lack of consistency in the definition of grammatical concepts and a singular vision of the phrase in Creole are the two consequences that flow from this approach. If the comparative approach wishes to relate Creole and French on the syntactic level, they always leave aside the discursive and textual problematic. left to themselves, textbook writers and teachers do not dare to break away form tradition. From the historical point of view, we show that the Haitian school model inherits its principals from the French school of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This legacy consists of a complex interdiscursive and intertextual network. Generally ignored, this network is nonetheless the basis on which 85% of teachers without training rely. By repeating the speeches and texts available, theses teachers convey unconsciously, contradictions that are blocking the communicational goals envisaged by the reform school. From these two observations, this study proposes to turn to a new concept of ownership of the written and oral. This approach takes into account the impact of anthropological writing and the requirements of communicational action. Several directions haven benn suggested. The main focus will be towards a sociodiscursive orientation towards Haitian Creole.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux fans d’un phénomène encore mal connu au Québec. En effet, la vague coréenne surnommée le hallyu a atteint — notamment à travers la K-pop — un public féminin au sein du Québec, sans que nous en connaissions les tenants et les aboutissants. Cette recherche s’articule autour du souhait d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de l’intérêt que portent les admiratrices québécoises envers la culture musicale coréenne et souhaite comprendre les conséquences de cette passion sur leurs quotidiens. Ainsi, on découvre que l’appréciation de la musique coréenne engendre celle de la culture coréenne et résulte en plusieurs formes d’appropriation à travers l’apprentissage du coréen, l’intérêt pour les produits de divertissements télévisuels, la connaissance des us et coutumes et le goût pour la cuisine coréenne. Cette appropriation provoquée par le soft power coréen contribue à la construction identitaire des admiratrices de K-pop. En effet, ce mémoire révèle que les interlocutrices intègrent de nouveaux critères de beauté, s’inspirent des valeurs confucéennes coréennes, se considèrent plus tolérantes et ont le souhait de voyager en Corée du Sud, voire d’y séjourner pour une longue durée.

This thesis attempts to illuminate and problematize the marriage of capitalism and colonialism that results in the widespread appropriation of Indigenous expressions of culture, and in particular, totem poles. This project complicates our understanding of totem poles as they have been presented in the marketplace and restores some of the intricate legal meaning to these incredible works. First, I examine Canadian intellectual property law and colonial policies of cultural erasure like the potlatch ban. Next, I explore the use of rights discourse, or legalism, as a potential route for solutions to this issue. I then conduct case studies of three totem poles. I examine one totem pole as a commodity, one functioning as a piece of art and someone's livelihood, and one as part of a Tlingit legal tradition. This last totem, as a materially appropriated object, provides an opportunity to explore the treatment of totem poles in proper context and also functions as a suggested solution to Indigenous art appropriation more broadly. My intervention on this last totem reframes these issues in a non-Western legal cannon to attempt to address these difficult legal questions. My examination of these three totems serves to destabilize our understanding of totem poles sold in the marketplace, and to broaden our understanding of totems as manifestations of Indigenous laws. / Graduate

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This study investigates the digital lifeworlds of rural and urban 13- to 18-year old young people in an African, specifically Nigerian, context. Children and young people’s digital lifeworlds and practices with technology in the global North is well researched and documented. By contrast, research focusing on their counterparts, particularly pre-teens’ and teenagers’ digital practices and participation in Africa is still largely limited and exploratory; and the field underdeveloped. This is more so despite the important role played by digital communication technologies in children and young people’s everyday life. Privileging the use of a mixed methods approach, this study conducted 16 focus group discussions with 175 participants and a survey of 380 respondents in public and private schools sampled across two of Nigeria’s major geopolitical zones. Supported by the child-centred approach and the domestication framework by Silverstone, Hirsch and Morley (1992), the study provides a multi-layered portrait of the ways in which Nigerian teens access, understand, work and play with and negotiate the digital technologies that are available to them. The study also broadly pays attention to how young people constitute their digital lives and the role played by contextual dynamics and community networks such as family, school and others. It was found that young people in Nigeria have a considerable access to and are predominantly using mobile phones and the Internet (via the ‘mobile internet’). However, this did not preclude the divides and marginalities between children from dissimilar social backgrounds. Teens’ significant outcomes with technology mostly centre around the need for communication and interaction with friends first, and then family. They also primarily use technology to cultivate and maintain their peer culture, for self-care, dealing with mental wellbeing, and as a critical resource for education and information-seeking. Nigerian children’s digital practices are substantially shaped and at the same time undermined by various mediators or digital gatekeepers. These include parents, teachers, guardians and older adults who are presented mostly as prohibitors and moral panic mongers. Issues such as the absence of digital literacy and skill on the part of the children, their parents and teachers also limit the teens’ agency and digital opportunities and result in unchecked risks such as access to pornography, meeting online with strangers/online grooming, distractions, identity issues/negative role modelling. Moreover, the opportunities and benefits of technology in children’s lives remain precarious, stratified and complex. This study attempts to place children’s digital lifeworlds in its wider socio-spatial context and experience, contributing an important dimension to children’s digital practices, especially as there exists a resonant paucity of and apathy towards research and scholarship in children and media studies in Africa. Techno-shaming children into silence, fear, scepticism, guilt or moral panic is a common, but flawed strategy. Instead, it is suggested that government, schools and families should reconsider the precarious subjective-subordinate and marginalised position of young people and allow them the agency to contribute to decisions relating to their digital lives. Adult decision makers must focus on expanding Nigerian teens’ digital opportunities and rights. There is equally the need to develop resources that might help empower parents, families and adults by providing knowledge of the opportunities and risks of the digital age.

In this thesis, I draw attention to patterns at the intersection of (a) interpretations of science in two journals (Philosophy of Science, and Social Studies of Science) and (b) references to Wittgenstein's writings. Interpretations of science can be classed according to the degree to which they support a realist or social constructivist understanding of the entities described by current scientific theories. By tracing the intellectual traditions from which these interpretations emerged, I develop an abstracted classification of these positions. Since this classification does not meaningfully map onto the positions articulated by the writers sampled here (which is telling about intellectual histories generally), I develop a new, more promising scheme of classification. I find that Wittgenstein is appropriated more often in support of social constructivist views of science, but that reasons for this support are generally weak. Using a novel measure of content which I call "appeal-to-authority," I show that there is a significant difference between these journals in their use of Wittgenstein's writings. But there is a subtle methodological argument at work here as well. I show that methods of analysis which rely exclusively on intellectual histories, bibliometrics, and globablizing statements about the products of science suffer serious limitations. In short, this thesis reflexively shows that the methods upon which it is based allow room for considerable bias and manipulation, and thereby implicates many bodies of work built upon these methods. / Master of Science

L’Archivio Graziano Arici est une archive photographique d’un genre résolument singulier ; elle réunit des enjeux et ou assemble des finalités qui ne se rejoignent que partiellement. Archive courante des photographies de Graziano Arici (photographe né en 1949 à Venise, résidant actuellement à Arles, et toujours en activité), fonctionnant comme une base d’images permettant au photographe d’accumuler et de vendre ses productions, elle est aussi, dès le départ, conçue comme une forme-conservatoire destinée, dans son ensemble, par son auteur même, à représenter une époque, à rester comme un témoignage porté par un regard sur une époque. Par l’acquisition de fractions d’archives photographiques, la mise en place d’une politique de préservation des images, et par ses créations, son travail plastique, le photographe se fait tout à la fois héritier d’un domaine précaire, mais aussi son passeur. Dans ce cas particulier, en effet, le rassemblement qu’est l’archive photographique se trouve être, non seulement, un lieu d’origine, premier, mais également l’endroit et le moment d’une recomposition, d’un remontage de productions antérieures, donnant ainsi naissance à un art consommé de l’assemblage, dans un lieu devenu paradoxal. / The Archive Graziano Arici is a definitely unique photograph Archive of its kind. It concentrates issues, or combine objectives which only partially meet. The standard Archive of Graziano Arici’s photograph (Arici is a photographer born in Venice, now living in Arles and still working) first acting as a picture-base which enables the photographer to gather together and sell his productions, is also, from the outset, designed as a conservation device, and by its author himself intended in its entirety to represent particular times and bear testimony to individual perceptions of those times ; by acquiring fractions of photograph archives, and setting up a picture-conservation policy, but through his own creation and plastic work as well, the photographer becomes heir to a fleeting world, and his go-between, too, giving birth to an art of assembling, and his archive becoming a paradoxical place.

1 Administration of property of others - trusts Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed and systematical view of the new regulation of the institution of the trust in the Czech republic using the descriptive, analytical and comparative method. The work is divided into seven parts. Part 1 of this study is focused on defining the concept of the trust and its creation. It deals with its theoretical background and its fundamental constitutive elements. Part 2 describes the founder and his role at the creation of the trust and during its existence. In this part it is also discussed the question of reservation of rights to the appropriated property made by the founder. Part 3 of this thesis is concerned with the of administration of the trust. Primarily, this part focuses on the role of the trustee and his duties towards the trust and to the beneficiary, as well as his duties to third parties. The author also explores the question of an objective and impartial administration of the trust where the founder or the person who is to receive a performance from the trust is also the trustee, as well as the question of appointment and removing the trustee. Part 4 deals with the beneficiary and his right to receive a performance from the trust. It is also concerned with the way of appointing...

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