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This study examines the language situation in the media discourse on The Opposite Direction, al-Jazeera’s flagship talk show hosted by Faisal al-Qasim. It investigates the phenomenon of code-switching between Standard Arabic and different spoken vernaculars during the talk exchange. Theories of code-switching proposed by Gumperz, Giles, and Myers-Scotton et al. are introduced after the history of Arabic discourse analysis is briefly discussed. In order to explain under what conditions code-switching happens, I choose to observe and analyze instances of code-switching in four episodes of the program, focusing on the communicative functions and motivations for language choice. The applicability of relevant theories is examined to find the theories that best account for speakers’ engaging in code-switching in the pan-Arab media discourse. / text

DESCRIPTION: The research is divided into five chapters (plus an introduction and a conclusion) as follows: INTRODUCTION, in which the work is introduced, the problem is identified, and the need for the research. is presented. CHAPTER ONE: The image of the Arab in the West (from the old sources up to the present time). CHAPTER TWO: The Arab view of the West, The development and the changing approach in viewing the World from pre- Islamic Arabia including the contemporary schools of thought in the Arab world. CHAPTER THREE: Political cartoons as a medium of communication, their influence and role in opinion changing and image making. CHAPTER FOUR: UK-Based Arab Owned Mass Media. A survey of the newspapers and the magazines published in the United Kingdom and owned by Arab personalities, companies, governments and political parties. That includes the 38 daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly publications. This chapter studies the attitudes and presentations of the Arab media in a definite period of time, in regard to the West. (from Dec. 1987 till March 1991) CHAPTER FIVE : The Case Study. The image of the West in the Arab-owned press through political cartoons (four London-based daily newspapers). The findings of the field work, categorising and analysing the main features and elements of the image. CONCLUSION: Room for Improvement. Recommendations for better understanding, presentation and improvement in the Arab-West International relations and presentations. The major, original, part of the thesis has been devoted to surveying the Britain-based Arab press, as well as an analysis of the coverage of some of these papers and magazines of the West, using the political cartoon as indicators of the public perceptions of the West. The research also makes an attempt to trace the main outline of the historical development of perceptions of the West in the Arab mind. Appendices; Appendix(A): Arab Political Cartoonists. Appendix(B): Cartoons of Arabs in the Western Media. Appendix(C); Cartoons of the West in the Arab Media. Bibliography

DESCRIPTION: The research is divided into five chapters (plus an introduction and a conclusion) as follows: INTRODUCTION, in which the work is introduced, the problem is identified, and the need for the research. is presented. CHAPTER ONE: The image of the Arab in the West (from the old sources up to the present time). CHAPTER TWO: The Arab view of the West, The development and the changing approach in viewing the World from pre- Islamic Arabia including the contemporary schools of thought in the Arab world. CHAPTER THREE: Political cartoons as a medium of communication, their influence and role in opinion changing and image making. CHAPTER FOUR: UK-Based Arab Owned Mass Media. A survey of the newspapers and the magazines published in the United Kingdom and owned by Arab personalities, companies, governments and political parties. That includes the 38 daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly publications. This chapter studies the attitudes and presentations of the Arab media in a definite period of time, in regard to the West. (from Dec. 1987 till March 1991) CHAPTER FIVE : The Case Study. The image of the West in the Arab-owned press through political cartoons (four London-based daily newspapers). The findings of the field work, categorising and analysing the main features and elements of the image. CONCLUSION: Room for Improvement. Recommendations for better understanding, presentation and improvement in the Arab-West International relations and presentations. The major, original, part of the thesis has been devoted to surveying the Britain-based Arab press, as well as an analysis of the coverage of some of these papers and magazines of the West, using the political cartoon as indicators of the public perceptions of the West. The research also makes an attempt to trace the main outline of the historical development of perceptions of the West in the Arab mind. Appendices; Appendix(A): Arab Political Cartoonists. Appendix(B): Cartoons of Arabs in the Western Media. Appendix(C); Cartoons of the West in the Arab Media. Bibliography / Hariri Foundation

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

Like many developing countries, and for many years, Morocco has sought the help of television to disseminate development ideas to its citizens. The Moroccan government has recently given policy considerations to regulate the use of television and radio airwaves as important outside sources for promoting its development objectives. The newly assigned importance of television in Moroccan developmental policies makes a study on the relationship between television and development interesting and crucial. This study investigates the extent to which the Moroccan public service television meets the challenges of effectively contributing to the development objectives of the nation. It focuses on the two government-owned public service television stations, Radiodiffusion et Television Marocaine (RTM) and Soread 2M. Based on initial observations, the general hypothesis is that television programming decisions in the two public television stations are influenced by the elite class that wants more entertainment and has less need for educational programs than their rural and urban-poor counterparts. Concerning methodology, the study uses three main areas in critical media studies: content analysis, production analysis, and audience analysis. The study conducted a quantitative and a qualitative content analysis of a sample of Moroccan produced programs to examine the developmental themes addressed by the two public service television stations. Concerning the production study, the study carried out a critical assessment of the current choices undertaken by the TV producers in the two public service television stations through conducting in-depth interviews with media executives. The third important area is audience reception. Addressing this area helps tackle these research questions from both 'sides' of the screen, examining the issues from the perspectives of both the broadcasters and the audience. The audience reception study assesses the opinions of television viewers on the quality of Moroccan produced programs and their perceptions on the public service provided by the two TV stations. The audience study uses focus groups as a standalone data-gathering strategy. Finally, the study offers a list of recommendations for the use of TV for development.

More than sixteen years have passed since the launch of the Qatar-based Al Jazeera news channel. Looking back, the state of Arab media and its relationship with the political sphere was different from what we see nowadays. The launch of Al Jazeera in 1996 was a significant event that led to subsequent changes both in the media and politics. Among these changes, the Arab spring, which started in Tunisia in December 2010, is certainly the most remarkable one. This ongoing event has already resulted in the fall of four dictatorships and is expected to unleash a democratization wave and reshape the face of the Arab region. This research analyzes the Al Jazeera democratizing effect and looks at the political implications of the new Arab public sphere. In doing so, it seeks to fill a gap in the existing literature, which tends to ignore the Arab world that remains largely under-researched. Contrary to the top-down approach inherent in the dominant narratives on democratization, that pay almost no attention to the growing role of the media in political change, I adopted a bottom-up approach arguing that, particularly in the Arab setting, it has become almost impossible to separate changes in the media landscape from those in the political field. The Arab spring provides us with a telling empirical example where this interplay is remarkably manifest. In this context, Arab democratization is no longer an abstract; it is rather a developing process that needs our attention and requires concerted scholarly efforts. To develop an original approach to understanding Arab democratization and analyze its complex dynamics, I used grounded theory and its powerful tools in theory building. Based on this theoretical framework I opted for qualitative methodology to elaborate the empirical part of this research, which consists primarily of analyzing and interpreting in-depth interviews conducted with a sample of Al Jazeera’s staff in various managerial and editorial positions.