Usually in a drafting process of a contract arbitration clause is left at the end of a contract. Sometimes it happens that parties really do not wish start discussions on how should arbitration clause look like or what details should it contain, because either parties think they would never come to a conflict or they are short in time and leave arbitration clause unconsidered. Absence of proper attention when drafting arbitration clauses is likely to give rise to defective arbitration clauses, which lead to much higher than expected time and money costs or even make arbitration impossible. Master thesis analyses defective arbitration clause types and provision of a way to create correct arbitration clauses. In order to reach this goal gradual completion of tasks is necessary, which involves: a) identification of the main features of defective arbitration clause, b) identification of the main elements of well drafted arbitration clause, c) identification of the main types of defective arbitration clauses, d) provision of a classification of defective arbitration clauses, e) provision of as much as possible ways to avoid defective arbitration clauses and f) analysis doctrine and case law in this field and result encompassing conclusions. First part of master thesis briefly defines international commercial contract. This way the geographical scope of master thesis object is defined. Second part presents the roots of defective arbitration clause. Second part encompasses... [to full text] / Dažniausiai rengiant tarptautines komercines sutartis arbitražinė išlyga eina sutarties pabaigoje. Kartais nutinka taip, kad šalys nerodo didelio noro kelti diskusijų dėl to kaip turėtų atrodyti arbitražinė išlyga arba kokius sudėtinius elementus ji turėtų turėti. Šalys gali manyti, kad ginčas mažai tikėtinas, todėl neverta gilintis į arbitražinę išlygą arba dėl laiko stokos įkeliama atsitiktinė arbitražinė išlyga. Pakankamo dėmesingumo trūkumas ruošiant arbitražinės išlygas dažniausiai leidžia kilti arbitražinėms išlygoms su spragomis, kurios esant ginčui priverčia šalis sugaišti daug daugiau laiko ir suvartoja daug daugiau finansinių resursų nei tikėtasi arba išvis paverčia arbitražą kaip ginčų sprendimo būdą šalių atveju neįmanomą. Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjamos arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis ir siekiama pasiūlyti būdą, kaip parengti taisyklingas arbitražines išlygas. Šiems tikslams pasiekti būtinas nuoseklus užduočių įvykdymas, apimantis: a) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis bruožų nustatymą, b) pagrindinių taisyklingai parengtos arbitražinės išlygos elementų nustatymą, c) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis tipų nustatymą, d) arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis klasifikacijos pateikimą, e) būdų išvengti arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis pateikimą ir f) doktrinos bei teismų praktikos analizę ir apibendrinančių išvadų pateikimą. Pirmoji magistrinio darbo dalis glaustai apibrėžia tarptautinę komercinės sutartį. Tokiu būdu geografinės magistrinio darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The thesis clarifies some of the issues related to the concluding and use of arbitration clauses. Paying particular attention to the protection of the consumer as the weaker party in the Czech legal system and the European law. It deals with the assessment of the nature of the arbitration clause, whether it is substantive or procedural action. To this end the thesis analyzes the arbitration theories, namely the contractual theory, jurisdictional theory, the hybrid theory and the autonomous theory, and evaluates consequences of these approaches individually especially with regard to the consumer protection. It also deals with the possible assessment of the arbitration clause as an unfair term according to the Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts, with regard to the related case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the implementation of the Directive into the Czech legal system The thesis also concentrates on arbitration clauses referring to the rules of the private arbitration centres with regard to the turnover of the Czech case law upon this subject. In particular the impact of the turnover on arbitration clauses is assessed with regard to the legitimate expectations of the recipients of legal norms entering them and to potential conflict with good morals.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) (Option: droit des affaires )" / Le principe de l'autonomie de la clause compromissoire est un principe ambigu qui renfenne plusieurs volets. Dans son premier sens, ce principe signifie que la clause arbitrale doit être appréciée d'une manière indépendante du contrat auquel elle se rapporte. Cette conception de l'autonomie a pour conséquences de mettre la convention d'arbitrage à l'abri des causes d'invalidités qui peuvent affecter le contrat principal ainsi que la possibilité d'être régie par un droit différent. Cependant, l'évolution du principe d'autonomie a dépassé les limites de cette conception en faisant surgir un autre volet, à savoir, la validité de la convention d'arbitrage indépendamment de toute 101 étatique. Cet autre aspect de l'autonomie signifie que l'existence et la validité de la clause compromissoire doivent être examinées au regard de règles matérielles spéciales, abstraction faite de tout conflit de lois, mais avec pour limites le respect des règles d'ordre public international. Par ailleurs, le rattachement de ce principe à certains effets de la convention d'arbitrage s'avère délicat. En effet, le principe d'autonomie se trouve souvent assorti d'un autre grand principe de l'arbitrage international qui est celui de la «compétence-compétence ». Les liens étroits qu'entretiennent les deux principes génèrent un risque d'amalgame entre deux règles qui sont en réalité différentes. Sur un autre plan, serait mis en cause, au nom de l'incohérence juridique, le pouvoir du principe d'autonomie de «coexister» avec une autre caractéristique de la clause compromissoire, à savoir, sa transmissibilité. Nous essayerons alors de clarifier cette articulation «douteuse». / The autonomy of the arbitration clause is an ambiguous principle which contains several shutters. It's sometimes used - traditionally - to refer that the arbitration clause must (agreement) be treated and appreciated separately from the main contract. This conception of autonomy gives rise to two consequences: first, the arbitration agreement is unaffected by the invalidity of the main contract and second, it may be governed by a Law different from that governing the main contract. However, the evolution of this traditional sense has given another shutter to the principal of the autonomy which refers to the arbitration agreement from "all national laws". This new concept of autonomy is entirely different and which means that the existence and the validity of the arbitration clause must be examined under special material mIes, isolating the arbitration agreement from the conflict of laws but with full respect to the international law. In addition, the link this principle has with certain effects of the arbitration agreement proves to be delicate. Indeed, the principle of autonomy is often associated with another principle of the international arbitration which is kompetenz-kompetenz. The close links that the two principles maintain generate a risk of amalgam between two mIes which are actually different. On another level, would be blamed, in the name of the legal inconsistency, the capacity of the principle of autonomy "of coexisting" with another characteristic of the arbitration clause, namely, its transmissibility. We will try to clarify this "doubtful" articulation.

La thèse a pour objet de traiter la rencontre entre l’arbitrage et les procédures collectives. Elle s’ordonne autour d’un triple constat. Dans un premier temps, marquée par un fort impérialisme, des considérations d’ordre public, l’ouverture d’une procédure collective n’est pas sans incidence sur les instances arbitrales en cours et sur les instances arbitrales qui n’ont pas encore débuté. L’ordre public des procédures collectives a un impact tant sur le déroulement de l’instance arbitrale que sur l’issue de la sentence arbitrale. Ensuite, l’arbitrage marqué à l’opposé par la volonté des parties, la liberté contractuelle, survit en dépit de l’ouverture d’une procédure collective. En effet, l’ordre public des procédures ne suffit pas à exclure l’arbitrage. La compétence de l’arbitre est maintenue pour tous les litiges qui ne sont pas nés de la procédure collective et sur lesquels celle-ci n’exerce pas une influence juridique. Enfin, persiste lors de la rencontre entre l’arbitrage et les procédures collectives, un contentieux post-arbitral. / The purpose of the thesis is to deal with the meeting between arbitration and collective proceedings. It is organized around a triple statement. At first, marked by a strong imperialism, considerations of public order, the opening of a collective procedure is not without incidence on the arbitration bodies in course and on the arbitration bodies which have not yet started . The public order of collective proceedings has an impact both on the conduct of the arbitral proceedings and on the outcome of the arbitral award.Secondly, arbitration, which is marked by the will of the parties, contractual freedom, survives despite the opening of a collective proceeding. Indeed, the public order of the collective proceedings is not sufficient to exclude arbitration. The arbitrator's jurisdiction is upheld for all disputes that are not born of the collective proceeding and over which the latter has no legal influence. Lastly, persists during the meeting between arbitration and collective proceeding, a post-arbitration litigation.

O trabalho tem por objetivo a análise do tema da arbitragem societária, entendida aqui como a arbitragem decorrente de cláusula arbitral inserida no ato constitutivo de uma sociedade. Analisa-se, num primeiro momento, a adequação da arbitragem em matéria societária, o que compreende a investigação de suas vantagens e desvantagens em relação à justiça estatal e de algumas consequências da escolha da via arbitral para os sujeitos envolvidos. Num segundo momento, trata-se do cabimento da arbitragem em matéria societária, o que compreende o estudo da arbitrabilidade dos pontos de vista subjetivo e objetivo. A arbitrabilidade subjetiva é tema que envolve a polêmica sobre a vinculação de sócios que não concordem expressamente com a cláusula arbitral inserida mediante deliberação majoritária. Feito isso, o trabalho ruma para temas sensíveis de aplicação da arbitragem societária: (i) a possível instituição de quórum qualificado e direito de recesso ao acionista para a inserção de cláusula compromissória no ato constitutivo de sociedade; (ii) a vinculação dos órgãos sociais e de seus titulares à cláusula arbitral societária; (iii) a confidencialidade; (iv) as questões procedimentais decorrentes da multiplicidade de sujeitos envolvidos; e (v) o julgamento de impasses de natureza negocial pelos árbitros. Ao final, pretende-se verificar se algum desses pontos merece regulação legal. / The work aims to analyze the subject of intra-corporate arbitration, understood here as arbitration derived from arbitration clauses inserted in articles of association of companies. It analyses, at first, the appropriateness of arbitration for corporate disputes, which encompasses investigation about the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration compared to state justice and some consequences of the choice of arbitration for subjects involved. Secondly, investigation focuses in arbitrability (both from a subjective and an objective perspective). From a subjective perspective, investigation concerns the controversy about the possibility of imposing the arbitration clause inserted in articles of incorporation by the majority of the partners or shareholders against the will of those who do not agree expressly with the arbitration clause. Later, the work aims to analyze some sensitive issues concerning the implementation of intra-corporate arbitration: (i) the possible creation of qualified quorum and withdrawal rights for the partners or shareholders that do not agree with the arbitration clause imposed by the majority; (ii) the possibility to impose the arbitration clause against corporate bodies and its members; (iii) confidentiality; (iv) some procedural issues derived from multiple people involved in litigation about the same subject matter; (v) the possibility for arbitrators to judge controversies related to business matters. The final purpose is to determine whether any of these controversial topics should have legal regulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Cristina Moron Betti Mendes.pdf: 1134236 bytes, checksum: 86dd87a0f2aa20027de923c4728f860a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / The object of study of this work is to present the institutional arbitration as a dynamic and harmonic alternative for the settlement of disputes in dealings relating to contracts of franchises. Justifying this work, with ballast in that, given the dynamics of the relationship in the business world, the internationalization of trade, the agility and speed with which such relations are given, especially in the segment of franchising, there are at least three identifiable assumptions plan, that need to be preserved in the case of solving work in franchising: the expertise of the judge in the matter; the rapid solution of the conflict and the maintenance of good business relationship after the conflict solved, what you get in line of identity, to apply the arbitration as an effective method in this intention. By the way, will be analyzed in this work both institutes, first separately, and after, in their points of confluence, as well as bringing to the fore the controversial aspects that may arise in this relationship of mutualism, which in the course of the study are dissolved, through security keys presented to get the effectiveness and validity of the application of the method do not state, duly harmonized to the franchise, and, finally, suggesting legislative amendment to the law of franchises to guarantee the effective use and valid arbitration in the segment of franchises. / O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar a arbitragem institucional como uma alternativa dinâmica e harmônica para a solução de controvérsias nas relações negociais relativas aos contratos de franquias. Justifica-se este trabalho com lastro em que, dada a dinâmica das relações no mundo dos negócios, a internacionalização do comércio, a agilidade e a velocidade com que se dão tais relações, notadamente no segmento de franquias, há pelo menos três premissas identificáveis de plano que precisam ser preservadas em se tratando de solucionar lides na franchising: a especialização do julgador na matéria, a rapidez na solução do conflito e a manutenção da boa relação comercial depois de solucionado o conflito, o que se obtém em linha de identidade, ao se aplicar a arbitragem como método eficaz nesse intento. Para tanto, serão aqui analisados ambos os institutos, tanto da arbitragem quanto da franquia, primeiro em separado e, após, em seus pontos de confluência, bem como trazendo à tona os aspectos polêmicos que poderão surgir nessa relação de mutualismo, os quais são dissolvidos no decorrer do estudo, por meio de chaves de segurança apresentadas para que se obtenham a eficácia e a validade da aplicação do método não estatal, devidamente harmonizado à franquia, e, por fim, sugerindo alteração legislativa à Lei de Franquia para garantia da utilização eficaz e válida da arbitragem no segmento de franquiasa

Le principe de l'autonomie de la clause compromissoire est un principe ambigu qui renfenne plusieurs volets. Dans son premier sens, ce principe signifie que la clause arbitrale doit être appréciée d'une manière indépendante du contrat auquel elle se rapporte. Cette conception de l'autonomie a pour conséquences de mettre la convention d'arbitrage à l'abri des causes d'invalidités qui peuvent affecter le contrat principal ainsi que la possibilité d'être régie par un droit différent. Cependant, l'évolution du principe d'autonomie a dépassé les limites de cette conception en faisant surgir un autre volet, à savoir, la validité de la convention d'arbitrage indépendamment de toute 101 étatique. Cet autre aspect de l'autonomie signifie que l'existence et la validité de la clause compromissoire doivent être examinées au regard de règles matérielles spéciales, abstraction faite de tout conflit de lois, mais avec pour limites le respect des règles d'ordre public international. Par ailleurs, le rattachement de ce principe à certains effets de la convention d'arbitrage s'avère délicat. En effet, le principe d'autonomie se trouve souvent assorti d'un autre grand principe de l'arbitrage international qui est celui de la «compétence-compétence ». Les liens étroits qu'entretiennent les deux principes génèrent un risque d'amalgame entre deux règles qui sont en réalité différentes. Sur un autre plan, serait mis en cause, au nom de l'incohérence juridique, le pouvoir du principe d'autonomie de «coexister» avec une autre caractéristique de la clause compromissoire, à savoir, sa transmissibilité. Nous essayerons alors de clarifier cette articulation «douteuse». / The autonomy of the arbitration clause is an ambiguous principle which contains several shutters. It's sometimes used - traditionally - to refer that the arbitration clause must (agreement) be treated and appreciated separately from the main contract. This conception of autonomy gives rise to two consequences: first, the arbitration agreement is unaffected by the invalidity of the main contract and second, it may be governed by a Law different from that governing the main contract. However, the evolution of this traditional sense has given another shutter to the principal of the autonomy which refers to the arbitration agreement from "all national laws". This new concept of autonomy is entirely different and which means that the existence and the validity of the arbitration clause must be examined under special material mIes, isolating the arbitration agreement from the conflict of laws but with full respect to the international law. In addition, the link this principle has with certain effects of the arbitration agreement proves to be delicate. Indeed, the principle of autonomy is often associated with another principle of the international arbitration which is kompetenz-kompetenz. The close links that the two principles maintain generate a risk of amalgam between two mIes which are actually different. On another level, would be blamed, in the name of the legal inconsistency, the capacity of the principle of autonomy "of coexisting" with another characteristic of the arbitration clause, namely, its transmissibility. We will try to clarify this "doubtful" articulation. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) (Option: droit des affaires )"

The thesis is aimed at the prorogation and arbitration clauses in international trade. Its aim is to analyse the legal regulation of the clauses and requirements for them using the help of legislation, case law and both Czech and foreign relevant literature. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion of the thesis, there are eleven chapters analysing the issue. The first chapter deals with dispute resolution in international trade, and introduces prorogation and arbitration clauses as instruments by which the parties can determine how and by whom will the dispute between them be decided. Chapters two to six deal with prorogation clauses. First of all, sources of legal regulation of prorogation clauses are analysed. Further, the thesis analyses the formal requirements for the clauses and also the possibility of incorporating the clause into a contract from another document. There are also discussed some other features of the prorogation clauses, namely the certainty of the chosen court, the separability of the clause, the exclusivity of the clause, and the effect of provisions protecting the weaker party under the Brussels I bis regulation The following chapters seven to ten deal with arbitration clauses. Again, sources of legal regulation of arbitration clauses and arbitration proceedings...

The purpose of my thesis, which is named "Arbitration clauses in consumer disputes", is to confirm or rebut the hypothesis that valid pre-dispute arbitration agreement can be concluded with a consumer, and if the hypothesis is confirmed, what requirements have to be met. The text is composed of five chapters, the introduction, and the conclusion, and each of the chapters deals with different aspects of arbitration clauses in consumers' disputes. Chapter One is introductory and defines the terminology used in the thesis, such as the consumer dispute, the arbitration clause, and the protection of the consumer as the weaker party. Chapter Two concerns the admissibility of an arbitration clause for the settlement of consumer disputes. This chapter is subdivided into three parts. The first part describes the European and the American points of view of pre-dispute arbitration agreements. The second part examines the arbitration clause as an unfair term according to the Council Directive 93/13/EEC of April 5th , 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts and with regard to the related case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and its implementation into the Czech legal system. This part describes the personal applicability, non-individual negotiation, non-fulfillment of the requirement of...

This thesis called Arbitration contract in international and national business transactions deals with arbitration contract and its position not only in legal environment of the Czech republic but also at international stage. First chapter focuses mainly on evolvement of arbitration contract from the Middle Ages till now and its modern form that is regulated in the Act No. 216/1994 Coll., on Arbitration Proceedings and on Enforcement of Arbitral Awards, in New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and also in UNCITRAL Model law. Next chapters discuss concept of arbitration proceedings and consider it important in order to better explain nature of arbitration contract that is one of the most important aspects of this kind of proceedings. Next chapter deals with essentials of arbitration contract from which its validity arises. Mainly, it emphasizes important requirements that parties need to agree upon while negotiating arbitration contract. It does not forget also additional requisites that are recommended. Particularly, it compares situation when parties also negotiate these additional terms and situation when they do not do so and draws some conclusion. The aim of this thesis is to also look at the right of appeal that becomes popular for the parties and therefore...