Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70).

No description available.

No description available.

M.A. (Anthropology) / Thus far, the earliest convincing evidence for the production and use of bow-and-arrow technology has been associated with Homo sapiens who lived ~64 ka in southern Africa. In contrast to a single-component wooden spear or a composite stone-tipped spear, bow-and-arrow utilisation – where one composite tool is required to effectively use another – could signify higher levels of cognitive complexity and behavioural flexibility. Lombard and Haidle (2012) postulate that a novel cognitive component is evident in technological symbiosis, i.e., the ability to focus simultaneously and actively on manipulating a complementary set of tools that are independent from one another, but are used as an effective unit to obtain a single goal. For example, when a bow is used to fire an arrow to obtain meat. In the current pilot study, I investigated the validity of Lombard and Haidle’s (2012) hypothesis of technological symbiosis from a neurological perspective. Electroencephalography (EEG) equipment recorded cortical activity (within the parietal, frontal midline and orbitofrontal cortices), when each of the participants (n. = 4) engaged in three non-symbiotic and symbiotic tasks. The purpose of the pilot experiment was to measure levels of cortical activity with non-symbiotic and symbiotic tool use in an attempt to assess whether greater ‘neural effort’ was needed for the symbiotic tasks. These results suggest that executive functions (attention, active-inhibition, context updating, reinforcement learning and memory rehearsal) were enhanced when the participants engaged in the symbiotic bow-and-arrow task, as opposed to the non-symbiotic spear task. Furthermore, an increase in white matter (found within the prefrontal cortex), as opposed to changes in brain structure size, might be responsible for the complex executive functions that are identified in our species. Future research on the effects that task practice has on cortical dynamics (patterns of cortical activity) might be beneficial – for instance, it might help us understand the ways in which neural pathways are restructured, rewired or altered with repeated exposure to cognitively demanding activities.

The purpose of this study was to record the results of experiments made in the construction of archery equipment at North Texas State Teachers College in the school sessions from 1938 to 1940.

No description available.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Yuyi Lin. Includes bibliographical references.

The physical demands of archery involve strenuous movements that place repetitive mechanical loads on the upper body. Given that bone remodels in response to mechanical loading (Ruff, 2008), it is reasonable to assume that repetitive bow and arrow use impacts upper limb bone morphology in predictable ways. The introduction and increased use of archery have been suggested to impact bilateral humeral asymmetry (Rhodes and Knüsel, 2005; Thomas, 2014). However, this claim is yet to be tested in vivo. This project aims to use kinematic and electromyographic approaches to validate claims inferring that, 1. archery places mechanical loading on the non-dominant arm resulting in lowered asymmetry, and 2. the dominant arm in archery has more mechanical loading placed in the anterior-posterior direction while the non-dominant arm has more mechanical loading placed in the medial-lateral direction. Some muscles (i.e. Pectoralis major and posterior Deltoid) act symmetrically on both humeri, while most muscle groups (i.e. Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Deltoid (lateral), and Latissimus dorsi) are activated asymmetrically on the humerus. On the whole, asymmetrically acting muscle groups acting on separate arms result in similar overall directional bending. Therefore, the overall cross-sectional shape of the bone would be similar for the draw and bow arm. Repeated bow use would undoubtedly induce humeral modification consistent with increased non-dominant arm robusticity, which in turn would lower asymmetry. Findings from this project thus support the hypothesis that the adoption of the bow and arrow results in decreased humeral asymmetry and strengthen morphological approaches to behavioral reconstruction.

No description available.

This study presents the results of a comparison of traditional grass-twist backstops frequently used on indoor ranges with one of corrugated cardboard design. The findings indicate that the corrugated cardboard design is substantially superior. The four factors selected for testing were: Arrow pass-through levels and subsequent arrow repair costs Arrow penetration levels, tested over several distances and using several bow weights Arrow-stopping potential with beginning and inexperienced archers Storage Testing showed the first three factors supporting the corrugated cardboard design. The last factor, storage, was found to be about equally supportive of both designs. Several recommendations are made. These recommendations include the adoption of the corrugated cardboard backstop design for use on indoor ranges and the use of shorter distances in the instruction of beginning and inexperienced archery students.