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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandofilipe_dissert.pdf: 443784 bytes, checksum: bb6328cd8296f1c4b222d0c43cdafda1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-13 / Adjacent segment disease is defined as an abnormal process developing in the adjacent level above and/or bellow the arthrodesis of the segment. It is considered a late complication of lumbar spine arthrodesis. It has been very important due to the procedures in the last years. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors associated with the disease at adjacent level as well as its relationship with the natural history of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study, from January 2000 to December 2002.Thirty-eight patients undergoing arthrodesis in the lumbosacral spine using the pedicle screw fixation participated in the study. Results: These patients had a mean follow-up of 30 months; 10 patients presented adjacent segment disease, 7 disc degeneration, 2 spinal stenosis and one discal spine hernia. The patients´ mean age was 48.5 years; female sex was the majority. Degeneration occurred in 4 patients with stenosis; 4 with spondylolisthesis, and 1 with post disc hernia; all these had been submitted to arthrodesis of lumbosacral spine. The majority was asymptomatic, after being treated by arthrodesis in multiple levels. There was no statistical difference when the above factors were related. Conclusion: Adjacent segment disease is a late complication in the arthrodesis of lumbosacral spine with no relationship of risk factors presented in this study. Therefore, its origin could be related with the natural history of the degenerative disease of lumbar spine. / A doença do nível adjacente é definida como um processo anormal que se desenvolve no nível adjacente, acima e/ou abaixo do segmento artrodesado. Considerada como uma complicação tardia da artrodese da coluna vertebral, tem-se tornado muito importante em decorrência do aumento dos procedimentos nos últimos anos. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência da doença do nível adjacente e sua relação com a história natural da doença degenerativa da coluna vertebral. Material e métodos: Análise retrospectiva de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2002, realizada em 38 pacientes submetidos a artrodese de coluna lombosacra com a utilização de parafuso pedicular. Resultado: Os pacientes analisados apresentavam follow up médio de 30 meses, com a presença de 10 pacientes com doença do nível adjacente; sendo 7 com degeneração discal, 2 com estenose de canal vertebral e 1 com hérnia de disco. A idade média dos pacientes foi 48,5 anos, com predomínio no sexo feminino. A degeneração ocorreu em 4 pacientes com estenose de canal, em 4 pacientes com espondilolistese, em 1 paciente com escoliose e em 1 paciente pós hérnia de disco, os quais tinham sido submetidos a artrodese da coluna lombosacra. A maioria dos pacientes foram submetidos a artrodese em múltiplos níveis e apresentavam-se assintomáticos. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi evidenciada quando relacionados os fatores acima. Conclusão: A doença do nível adjacente é uma complicação tardia existente na artrodese de coluna lombosacra, não relacionada aos fatores de risco apresentados; portanto o seu aparecimento estaria relacionado à história natural da doença degenerativa da coluna lombar.

Several surgically corrective procedures are considered to treat Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) patients, relieve pain, and restore function. Procedure selection is based on best practices and surgeon preference. Recent research created patient specific models of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) to explore their predictive capabilities and examine effectiveness of the surgical procedure used to treat the deformity. The models’ behavior was governed solely by patient bodyweight, soft tissue constraints, and joint contact without the assumption of idealized joints. The current work expanded those models to determine if an alternate procedure would be more effective for the individual. These procedures included one hindfoot procedure, the Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy (MCO), and one of three lateral column procedures: Evans osteotomy, Calcaneocuboid Distraction Arthrodesis (CCDA), Z osteotomy and the combination procedures MCO & Evans osteotomy, MCO & CCDA, and MCO & Z osteotomy all used in combination with a tendon transfer. The combination MCO & Evans and MCO & Z procedures were shown to provide the greatest amount of correction for both forefoot abduction and hindfoot valgus. However, these two procedures significantly increased the joint contact force, specifically at the calcaneocuboid joint, and ground reaction force along the lateral column. With exception to the lateral bands of the plantar fascia and middle spring ligament, the strain present in the plantar fascia, spring, and deltoid ligaments decreased after all procedures. The use of patient specific computational models provided the ability to investigate effects of alternate surgical corrections on restoring biomechanical function in flatfoot patients.

Die Sprunggelenksarthrodese ist bei therapieresistenter Schmerzsymptomatik einer Sprunggelenksarthrose, nicht beherrschbarer Entzündung im Bereich des Rückfußes, Talusnekrose, schmerzhafter Pseudarthrose nach Arthrodese der Sprunggelenke sowie kontrakter Deformität des Rückfußes mit Gangstörung und Hautkomplikation indiziert. Sie stellt immer noch einen komplizierten Eingriff mit einer hohen Komplikationsrate dar. Dazu trägt neben den häufigen Wundheilungsstörungen die Pseudarthrose bei. Das Risiko für die Entstehung einer solchen Pseudarthrose hängt von klinischen Faktoren wie der sprunggelenksnahen Osteopenie, der Dauermedikation von Kortikoiden sowie dem Nikotinabusus und von operativen Faktoren wie der Komplexität des Verfahrens und Stabilität der Methode ab. Beim parallelen Auftreten dieser Faktoren mit Beeinträchtigung des biologischen und mechanischen Standbeins der Osteoneogenese potenziert sich dieses Risiko. Eine Sonderstellung unter den Risikofaktoren nimmt die sprunggelenksnahe Osteopenie ein. Nach entsprechender Analyse kommt sie hier signifikant vor. Ihre Diagnose beruft sich auf der nicht zu vernachlässigenden Anamnese, der bereits verordneten Medikation, der aussagefähigen, jedoch nicht standardisierten Knochendichtemessung und der entscheidenden Röntgendiagnostik. In Zukunft sollte präoperativ die bereits standardisierte Röntgendiagnostik mit einer Knochendichtemessung kombiniert werden. Leider ist präoperativ das Risiko, an einer Pseudarthrose nach einer Sprunggelenksarthrodese zu leiden, nur abschätzbar und nicht quantifizierbar. Neben der objektiven Befundung mittels Röntgen kann die subjektive Einschätzung des Patienten bei der Beurteilung der Pseudarthrose hilfreich sein. Somit müssen falsch positive Röntgenbefunde bei klinisch stummer Pseudarthrose im Sinne einer fibrösen Ankylosierung eingestuft und keiner Operation zugeführt werden. Bei einer Pseudarthrose nach der Sprunggelenksarthrodese mit Angabe einer Unzufriedenheit, einem moderaten Schmerz bei leichter Belastung, einem regelmäßigen Analgetikagebrauch, einem VAS-Wert ab 5, einer beschwerdefreien Gehstrecke unter 100m mit Gebrauch von 2 UAGS ist nach Aufklärung des Patienten die Re-Arthrodese zu diskutieren. Es sollten dann die Compliance jedes Patienten verbessert (Abstellen des Nikotinabusus), die präoperative Therapie von Neben- (Osteopenie) und Grunderkrankung (Umsetzung der immunsupprimierenden Therapie) optimiert und das geeignete Vorgehen (z.B. Zweizeitigkeit bei Pantalar-Arthrodese (zuerst talocrural und dann talotarsal) bzw. Nutzung interne Kompressionsmethoden mit autologem Knochenspan bei Knochendefekt) gewählt werden. / In painful osteoarthrosis, arthritis and pseudarthrosis of the ankle joint, in osteonecrosis of the talus and in deformity of the foot with limp and complications of skin the arthrodesis of the hindfoot is indicated. This is a difficult operation with many comlications like infection and pseudarthrosis. The risk of a pseudarthrosis depends on clinical factors like osteopenie, corticoid medication, nicotin and operative factors like the stabilisation. These factors injure the biological and mechanic basis of osteoneogenesis. The osteopenie is a significant risk factor. The diagnosis of the osteopenie is based on the anamnesis, the medication, the measurement of the bonemass and the x-ray. In future there must be standard to combinated the measurement of bonemass and x-ray. The risk of pseudarthrosis is not to quantify. The x-ray and the pain characterize a pseudarthrosis. So a painless pseudarthrosis don´t have to operate. When a patient with a pseudarthrosis is dissatisfied, when the pain is moderate with a value in the visuel analog scale of pain higher as 5, when analgetic medication are regular used, a painless walking less than 100m, a necessary use of supports a new arthrodesis ist indicated. Now the compliance of patient, the therapie of diseases and the operation methodes are improved.

Introdução: Ao analisar a osteoartrose pós-traumática do punho a literatura demonstra que sua etiologia é, na maioria das vezes, secundária a lesões ligamentares ou a fraturas do carpo que, por sua vez, seguem um padrão definido e evolutivo de acometimento articular do punho. Várias abordagens cirúrgicas são descritas para o tratamento da osteoartrose pós-traumática do carpo. Considerando a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos, a literatura apresenta apenas estudos retrospectivos comparando os resultados funcionais entre as técnicas. O objetivo desta tese é comparar os resultados funcionais entre a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos no tratamento da osteoartrose pós-traumática do punho, sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica. Método: Neste estudo prospectivo e randomizado 20 pacientes portadores de osteoartrose pós-traumática sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica do punho, submetidos à carpectomia proximal ou a artrodese dos quatro cantos tiveram seus dados pós-operatórios analisados e comparados. Resultados: Todos os pacientes deste estudo referiram melhora da dor e da sua capacidade funcional. Em todos os casos houve diminuição dos valores pré e pós-operatórios de goniometria em ambos os procedimentos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os procedimentos. Conclusão: Com relação aos resultados funcionais, a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos são procedimentos efetivos e semelhantes no tratamento dos pacientes portadores de SLAC/SNAC WRIST sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica. / Introduction: Wrist arthritis results most of the times from ligaments tears or carpal bones fractures. Many surgical procedures are described in literature. Regarding proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis, there are only retrospective studies available in literature. The objective of this study is to compare the functional results between these two surgical procedures. Method: In this prospective and randomized study 20 patients underwent proximal row carpectomy or four corner arthrodesis for the treatment of wrist arthritis. In all patients the midcarpal joints were free of lesions. Functional results were compared. Results: Both proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis improved pain. All cases showed decreased range of motion after surgery. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Regarding functional results both procedures were similar and improved pain in patients with SLAC/SNAC WRIST without degenerative changes in midcarpal joint.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this research was to test and to compare the homogenous cancellous bone glycerin-stored with the autogenous cancellous bone graft in the atlantoaxial arthrodesis. Fifteen dogs, weighing between 8 and 12 kg, were randomly distributed in three groups denominated one (30 days), two (60 days) and three (90 days). The atlantoaxial joint was immobilized through the ventral access using Steinmann pins associated the acrylic resin. A defect was created in the right hemi-joint atlantoaxial and put 100mg of the homogenous implant and, in the left hemi-joint, 100mg of the autogenous graft. Was analyzed after 30, 60 and 90 days, survey radiographs in the joint atlantoaxial, histopathological and bone density by computed tomography of the fragments collected through biopsies. The right and left hemi-joint atlantoaxial has moderate formation in the 30 days pos-operative. In the 60 days, has bone formation with partial fusion more in the autogenous side (left) and the 90 days, the bone formation with partial fusion was high in the homogenous side (right). Computed tomography evaluation in the 30 and 60 days post-operative has high bone density in the fragments collected in the right hemi-joint atlantoaxial (homogenous implant). In the 90 days, the bone density in the fragments collected in the right and left hemi-joint were similar with tendency in cortical bone formation. The evaluation histological of the bone fragments in the left hemi-joint (cancellous bone graft) and right hemi-joint (homogenous implant) atlantoaxial were similar in the 30 and 60 days post-operative. In the 90 days, bone tissue mature and organized was observed. No has significant difference the right hemi-joint atlantoaxial (homogenous implant) with the left hemi-joint (cancellous bone graft) when comparison the grade fusion joint and bone density the fragments collected by biopsies. The use of the homogenous cancellous bone implant glycerin-stored in dogs submitted atlantoaxial arthrodesis with Steinmamm pins associated acrylic resin is a viability method for treatment in the atlantoaxial instability. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar e comparar o implante homógeno de osso esponjoso conservado em glicerina a 98% com o enxerto autógeno em cães submetidos à artrodese atlantoaxial. Foram utilizados 15 cães, pesando entre 8 e 12 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais de acordo com o período pósoperatório (PO) denominados de I (30dias), II (60 dias) e III (90 dias). A articulação atlantoaxial foi submetida à artrodese através do acesso ventral utilizando pinos de Steinmann associados à resina acrílica autopolimerizável. Foi criado um defeito na hemiarticulação atlantoaxial direita para colocação de 100mg de osso esponjoso homógeno e, na esquerda, 100 mg de osso esponjoso autógeno. Decorridos o período 30, 60 e 90 dias de PO, foram realizadas análise radiográfica da articulação atlantoaxial, histológica e da densidade óssea por tomografia computadorizada dos fragmentos ósseos coletados por biópsia. A análise radiográfica revelou aos 30 dias que as hemiarticulações atlantoaxiais esquerda e direita apresentavam formação óssea moderada. Já aos 60 dias de PO, houve uma tendência à formação óssea com grau de fusão parcial mais no lado autógeno (esquerdo) e aos 90 dias, a formação óssea com grau de fusão parcial predominou no lado homógeno (direito). O exame por tomografia computadorizada (TC) aos 30 e 60 dias de PO revelou maior densidade óssea nos fragmentos coletados na hemiarticulação atlantoaxial direita (implante homógeno). Aos 90 dias, a densidade óssea dos fragmentos coletado das hemiarticulações direita e esquerda foram semelhantes com tendência à formação de osso cortical. Os achados histológicos dos fragmentos coletados da hemi-articulação direita (enxerto autógeno) e esquerda (implante homógeno) foram similares aos 30 e 60 dias de PO, sendo que aos 90 dias de PO havia presença de um tecido ósseo maduro e organizado. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre o enxerto autógeno e implante homógeno em relação ao grau de fusão articular e densidade óssea dos fragmentos. O uso de implante homógeno conservado em glicerina a 98% em cães submetidos à artrodese atlantoaxial com pinos de Steinmann e resina acrílica autopolimerizável não apresenta diferença quando comparado ao enxerto autógeno e é um método viável para tratamento de instabilidade atlantoaxial.

Introdução: Ao analisar a osteoartrose pós-traumática do punho a literatura demonstra que sua etiologia é, na maioria das vezes, secundária a lesões ligamentares ou a fraturas do carpo que, por sua vez, seguem um padrão definido e evolutivo de acometimento articular do punho. Várias abordagens cirúrgicas são descritas para o tratamento da osteoartrose pós-traumática do carpo. Considerando a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos, a literatura apresenta apenas estudos retrospectivos comparando os resultados funcionais entre as técnicas. O objetivo desta tese é comparar os resultados funcionais entre a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos no tratamento da osteoartrose pós-traumática do punho, sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica. Método: Neste estudo prospectivo e randomizado 20 pacientes portadores de osteoartrose pós-traumática sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica do punho, submetidos à carpectomia proximal ou a artrodese dos quatro cantos tiveram seus dados pós-operatórios analisados e comparados. Resultados: Todos os pacientes deste estudo referiram melhora da dor e da sua capacidade funcional. Em todos os casos houve diminuição dos valores pré e pós-operatórios de goniometria em ambos os procedimentos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os procedimentos. Conclusão: Com relação aos resultados funcionais, a carpectomia proximal e a artrodese dos quatro cantos são procedimentos efetivos e semelhantes no tratamento dos pacientes portadores de SLAC/SNAC WRIST sem acometimento da articulação mediocárpica. / Introduction: Wrist arthritis results most of the times from ligaments tears or carpal bones fractures. Many surgical procedures are described in literature. Regarding proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis, there are only retrospective studies available in literature. The objective of this study is to compare the functional results between these two surgical procedures. Method: In this prospective and randomized study 20 patients underwent proximal row carpectomy or four corner arthrodesis for the treatment of wrist arthritis. In all patients the midcarpal joints were free of lesions. Functional results were compared. Results: Both proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis improved pain. All cases showed decreased range of motion after surgery. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Regarding functional results both procedures were similar and improved pain in patients with SLAC/SNAC WRIST without degenerative changes in midcarpal joint.

Background: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a useful treatment for posttraumatic ankle arthritis in young patients, but failure rates are high and reoperations are not uncommon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of failed ankle OCA transplantation converted to ankle arthrodesis (AA) or total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Methods: We evaluated 24 patients who underwent salvage procedures (13 AA and 11 TAA) after primary failed ankle OCA transplantation. Reoperations were assessed. Failure of the salvage procedure was defined as an additional surgery that required a revision AA/TAA or amputation. Evaluation among nonfailing ankles included the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM), pain, and satisfaction. Results: In the salvage AA cohort, 3 patients were classified as failures (2 revision AA and 1 amputation). The 10 nonfailing patients had a mean follow-up of 7.4 years. Eighty-eight percent were satisfied with the procedure, but 63% reported continued problems with their ankle (eg, pain, swelling, stiffness). Mean pain level was 1.9 and AAOS-FAM core score was 83±13. In the salvage TAA cohort, 2 patients were classified as failures (both revision TAA). The 9 nonfailing patients had a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. Fifty percent were satisfied with the procedure, but 40% reported continued problems with their ankle. The mean pain level was 1.3, and the median AAOS-FAM core score was 82±26. Conclusion: Revision and reoperation rates for salvage procedures following failed OCA transplantation of the ankle are higher compared to published data for primary AA and TAA procedures. However, we believe OCA transplantation can serve as an interim procedure for younger patients with advanced ankle joint disease who may not be ideal candidates for primary AA or TAA at the time of initial presentation. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.

Eight out of ten people in the United States will have problems with low back pain at some point in their life. The most significant surgical treatments for low back pain can be distributed into two main groups of solutions: arthrodesis and arthroplasty. Spinal arthrodesis consists of the fusion of a degenerated functional spine unit (FSU) to alleviate pain and prevent mechanical instability. Spinal arthroplasty consists of the implantation of an artificial disc to restore the functionality of the degenerated FSU. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the alteration of the biomechanics of the lumbar spine treated either by arthrodesis or arthroplasty. A three-dimensional finite element model of a ligamentous lumbar motion segment, constituted of two FSUs, was built and simulated through a static analysis with the finite element software ABAQUS. It was shown that the mobility of the segment treated by arthrodesis was reduced in all rotational degrees of freedom by an average of approximately 44%, relative to the healthy model. Conversely, the mobility of the segment treated by arthroplasty was increased in all rotational degrees of freedom by an average of approximately 52%. The FSU implanted with the artificial disc showed a high risk of instability and further degeneration. The mobility and the stresses in the healthy FSU, adjacent to the restored FSU in the segment treated by arthroplasty, were also increased. In conclusion, the simulation of the arthroplasty model showed more risks of instability and further degeneration, on the treated level as well as on the adjacent levels, than in the arthrodesis model.

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