O município de Jundiaí ocupou a posição de liderança na produção vitivinícola paulista desde o início da chegada dos imigrantes italianos por volta de 1930 até 2008 quando a quantidade de uva produzida começou a cair. Diante desse contexto de queda de produção, os atores do setor começaram a se mobilizar na tentativa de reverter o quadro. Diversos fatores parecem ter contribuído para que a tentativa de retomada do crescimento da atividade vitivinícola paulista não tenha obtido o sucesso esperado para a região de Jundiaí. Considerando-se o aparente baixo desempenho do setor no contexto paulista e mesmo nacional, este trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de propor quatro cenários para a vitivinicultura em Jundiaí em 2030 (\"desaparecimento\", \"desafio constante\", \"produção incentivada\" e \"renascimento\"), gerando informações que possam apoiar a formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para esta tradicional atividade agrícola do Estado de São Paulo. Como parte do processo de elaboração de cenários, este trabalho também atingiu o objetivo secundário de verificar quais são os fatores determinantes da decisão do vitivinicultor em Jundiaí de continuar ou não na atividade.de São Paulo. / The city of Jundiaí occupied the leading position in the São Paulo State wine production since the arrival of Italian immigrants around 1930 until 2008 when the amount of grape produced began to fall. In this context of falling production, industry actors have begun to mobilize in an attempt to reverse the situation. Several factors seem to have contributed for the attempted of Jundiaí region wine industry growth recovery not achieving the expected success. Considering the apparent poor performance of the sector within both national and São Paulo State context, this research was developed with the objective of proposing four scenarios with qualitative elements for the wine industry in Jundiaí in 2030 (\"disappearance\", \"constant challenge\", \"supported production\", \"rebirth\"), thus generating information that may support the formulation of public policies for this traditional agricultural activity of the São Paulo State. As part of the scenario development process and as secondary objective, this research has identified what are the determinants of Jundiaí vintner\'s decision to continue or not in the activity.

A etnoictiologia busca descrever e valorizar os conhecimentos dos pescadores artesanais, atravÃs de estudos que evidenciam que estes sÃo portadores de conhecimentos bioecolÃgicos acerca dos peixes que capturam. Desta forma, objetivou-se comparar os conhecimentos etnoictiolÃgicos dos pescadores artesanais dos aÃudes pÃblicos Araras e Edson Queiroz (bacia do mÃdio rio AcaraÃ-CE) com a literatura cientÃfica. Com este fim, selecionou-se uma populaÃÃo representativa para cada um destes aÃudes. Assim, tem-se a Ilha de EsaÃ, para o aÃude Araras, e Vila SÃo Cosme, para o Edson Queiroz. Foram realizadas observaÃÃo participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas, estÃmulo visual e turnÃs-guiadas com pescadores destas populaÃÃes. Foram entrevistados vinte pescadores na Vila SÃo Cosme e vinte e quatro na Ilha de EsaÃ. As entrevistas abordaram aspectos etnoecolÃgicos das principais espÃcies de peixes capturadas pelos pescadores. Foram citadas vinte etnoespÃcies de peixes e uma de camarÃo como sendo capturadas nos aÃudes. Dentre estas, as mais importantes, economicamente, foram: carÃ-tilÃpia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 e Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1897), curimatà (Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1874), pescada, (Plagiossion squamossimus Heckel, 1840), piau (Leporinus sp.), traÃra (Hoplias brasiliensis e H. malabaricus Bloch, 1794) e tucunarà (Cichla cf. ocellaris Bloch; Schneider, 1801). Na classificaÃÃo da ictiofauna, os pescadores utilizam aspectos morfolÃgicos e etolÃgicos, apresentando vÃrias etnoespÃcies com nomes genÃricos e poucas com nomes binomiais. Em sua dieta, estas populaÃÃes consomem peixes, como principal fonte de proteÃna animal, havendo restriÃÃes por carÃter social e cultural. Quanto à etnoictiologia, conclui-se que os pescadores possuem conhecimentos consistentes sobre a ecologia geral, trÃfica e reprodutiva da ictiofauna capturada, vivenciando empiricamente muitas das informaÃÃes presentes na literatura acadÃmica. Logo, pela consistÃncia dos saberes dos pescadores da Ilha de Esaà e da Vila SÃo Cosme, estes conhecimentos podem contribuir para futuros estudos cientÃficos e ser incorporados na elaboraÃÃo de planos de gestÃo e manejo sustentÃvel dos recursos hÃdricos e pesqueiros da regiÃo mÃdia do AcaraÃ. / The ethnoictiology to describe and use the knowledge of fishermen, by studies that show that they are carriers of bio-ecological knowledge about fish they catch. Thus, the objective was to compare the knowledge of fishermen of public dams Araras and Edson Queiroz (Middle Acaraà River Basin, CearÃ) with the scientific literature. With this end, we selected a representative population for each of these reservoirs. Therefore, there is the Ilha de EsaÃ, for the dam Araras, and Vila SÃo Cosme, to Edson Queiroz. Were performed participant observation, semi-structured interviews, visual stimulus, and guided fishing tours of these populations. Twenty fishermen were interviewed in Vila Sao Cosme and twenty-four on the Ihla de Esaà The interviews aspects ethnoecological of the main fish species caught by fishermen. Were cited twenty ethnospecies fish and shrimp as captured in the reservoirs. Among these, the most important, economically, are carÃ-tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897)], curimatà [(Prochilodus brevis (Steindachner, 1874)], pescada [Plagiossion squamossimus (Heckel, 1840)], piau (Leporinus sp.),traÃra (Hoplias brasiliensis e H. malabaricus) and tucunarà [Cichla cf. ocellaris (Bloch; Schneider, 1801)]. In the classification of fishes, fishemen used morphological and ethological aspects, presenting several ethnospecies with generic names and few with binomial names. In your diet, these populations consume fish as the main source of animal protein, with social and cultural restrictions. As for ethnoictiology, it is concluded that the fishermen have consistent knowledge about the general ecology, trophic and reproductive of fishes captured. Therefore, the consistency of the knowledge of fishermen on the Ilha de Esaà and Vila SÃo Cosme, this knowledge can contribute to future scientific studies and be incorporated in the preparation of management plans and sustainable management of water resources and fisheries in the middle region AcaraÃ.

O município de Jundiaí ocupou a posição de liderança na produção vitivinícola paulista desde o início da chegada dos imigrantes italianos por volta de 1930 até 2008 quando a quantidade de uva produzida começou a cair. Diante desse contexto de queda de produção, os atores do setor começaram a se mobilizar na tentativa de reverter o quadro. Diversos fatores parecem ter contribuído para que a tentativa de retomada do crescimento da atividade vitivinícola paulista não tenha obtido o sucesso esperado para a região de Jundiaí. Considerando-se o aparente baixo desempenho do setor no contexto paulista e mesmo nacional, este trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de propor quatro cenários para a vitivinicultura em Jundiaí em 2030 (\"desaparecimento\", \"desafio constante\", \"produção incentivada\" e \"renascimento\"), gerando informações que possam apoiar a formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para esta tradicional atividade agrícola do Estado de São Paulo. Como parte do processo de elaboração de cenários, este trabalho também atingiu o objetivo secundário de verificar quais são os fatores determinantes da decisão do vitivinicultor em Jundiaí de continuar ou não na atividade.de São Paulo. / The city of Jundiaí occupied the leading position in the São Paulo State wine production since the arrival of Italian immigrants around 1930 until 2008 when the amount of grape produced began to fall. In this context of falling production, industry actors have begun to mobilize in an attempt to reverse the situation. Several factors seem to have contributed for the attempted of Jundiaí region wine industry growth recovery not achieving the expected success. Considering the apparent poor performance of the sector within both national and São Paulo State context, this research was developed with the objective of proposing four scenarios with qualitative elements for the wine industry in Jundiaí in 2030 (\"disappearance\", \"constant challenge\", \"supported production\", \"rebirth\"), thus generating information that may support the formulation of public policies for this traditional agricultural activity of the São Paulo State. As part of the scenario development process and as secondary objective, this research has identified what are the determinants of Jundiaí vintner\'s decision to continue or not in the activity.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:04:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erlando damiao.pdf: 5890334 bytes, checksum: 44062274fe1a1adfcf7feb8e0e6fa7b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the Middle Rio Negro region specifically in the municipality of Barcelos AM, fishing became the main economic activity. In this region we find four types of fishing sport fishing, commercial fishing, fishing ornamental and subsistence fishing that sustain the economy Barcelense throughout the year, with particular emphasis on sport fishing, that each year increases its stake in local economy. Each type of fishing has a kind of fisherman, and these fishermen, with the exception of sports fishermen, are associated with the Colônia de Pescadores de Barcelos Colpesca Z 32, and also the Associação dos Pescadores e Pescadoras do Médio e Alto Rio Negro Ornapesca. This thesis aims to describe the fishing activity in Barcelos municipality; analyze social relations present in different forms of fishing, as well as understand the social conflict between the fishermen of commercial fishing and the other fishermen and social agents involved in fishing. / Na Região do Médio Rio Negro, especificamente no Município de Barcelos AM, a pesca se tornou a principal atividade econômica. Nessa Região, encontram-se quatro modalidades de pesca pesca esportiva, pesca artesanal comercial, pesca artesanal ornamental e pesca de subsistência que sustentam a economia Barcelense durante todo o ano, especialmente a pesca esportiva, que a cada ano se destaca mais na economia local. Cada modalidade de pesca possui um tipo de pescador, e esses agentes, com exceção dos pescadores esportivos, associam-se na Colônia de pescadores de Barcelos Colpesca Z-32, e na Associação dos Pescadores e Pescadoras Ornamentais do Médio e Alto Rio Negro Ornapesca. Com esta dissertação, objetiva-se descrever a atividade da pesca no Município Barcelos; analisar as relações sociais presentes nas diversas modalidades de pesca, bem como compreender o conflito social entre os pescadores artesanais da pesca comercial e os demais pescadores e agentes sociais envolvidos nessa atividade.

Nouakchott est une ville qui a connu ces dernières décennies une importante croissance démographique et un développement spatial excessif. La rapidité avec laquelle ces mutations se sont produites a pris de court la puissance publique et mis à mal les efforts de la collectivité en termes de planification urbaine en général, de création d'infrastructures et d'équipements publics, mais aussi d'acheminement des services de base. Dans ce contexte d'insuffisances généralisées, les distances de déplacements s'allongent et le système de transport urbain a bien des difficultés pour proposer une desserte équitable de l'espace sous un angle d'intégration urbaine des quartiers et pour suivre l'évolution du périmètre urbain. Par conséquent, les besoins de mobilité sont de plus en plus importants et les demandes de transport de moins en moins bien satisfaites. De ce fait, la mobilité quotidienne s'avère problématique à Nouakchott, et les populations les plus exposées au dysfonctionnement du système de transport sont celles qui résident dans les zones urbaines pauvres ou les plus excentrées par rapport au centre-ville. Pour étudier les conséquences de l'insuffisance de l'offre de transport et du manque de solvabilité sur les conditions de mobilité des populations, une enquête-ménage a été menée auprès des familles au sein de deux communes de Nouakchott (El Mina et Riyad). Les résultats de cette enquête montrent que ces insuffisances, loin de pousser les populations au repli sur des pratiques spatiales de proximité, les amènent plutôt à expérimenter des stratégies d'adaptation qui sont en faveur de la mobilité. En effet, lorsque les ressources du ménage ne permettent pas d'assurer un accès permanent aux transports pour l'ensemble des membres du foyer, celui-ci se fait de manière prioritaire. Dans ce mécanisme, l'importance du motif et de la distance de déplacements sont les principaux critères retenus dans les ménages pour juger lequel des membres de la famille a besoin plus qu'un autre de bénéficier des moyens d'accès aux transports. En complément à cette stratégie d'accès sélectif aux transports, la pratique de la marche à pied constitue une autre solution pour contourner le problème de solvabilité et le manque de l'offre de transport. En somme, face à la relégation spatiale et à la marginalisation périphérique, il apparaît que les populations mettent tout en oeuvre pour éviter l'assignation au territoire et optent pour une intégration urbaine en bonne et due forme

Atlantic billfish include sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida, formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and the spearfishes (Tetrapturus); these fishes are found in tropical and subtropical waters. The spearfishes include the longbill spearfish (T. pfluegeri), the Mediterranean spearfish (T. belone) and the roundscale spearfish (T. georgii). The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is the regional fishery management organization that conducts research to determine the condition of tuna and billfish resources and supports international cooperative management. ICCAT has determined that blue marlin and white marlin are overfished; the status of sailfish and spearfish are unknown, but overfishing is thought to be occurring. Management of these resources is complicated by uncertainty in the biological models, but uncertainty about the fishers who target these resources. This dissertation studied artisanal fishing fleets that target Atlantic billfish in Venezuela and Ghana, as well as studied recreational charter boat fishing fleets in South Florida and Senegal. The information from these fleets was used to develop performance indicators that evaluate the socioeconomic performance of these fleets. An allocation model was developed to determine the optimal allocation of billfish resources among recreational and artisanal fishers in Ghana, West Africa. Finally, the issues and challenges of managing Atlantic billfish were identified as well as a possible future framework. Results indicate that performance indicators can be used to contrast fleets with different operational objectives. Fishers do produce positive fishing profits in both artisanal and recreational fleets; however, Senegalese recreational anglers are particularly sensitive to fuel costs. Results of the allocation model suggest that the artisanal sector should be allocated 95% of the quota in Ghana. There is the possibility to over-allocate quota to the recreational sector due to methodological differences in determining benefit f and the practice of catch-and-release. ICCAT's limited purview over socioeconomics was identified as the major impediment to effective billfish management. Therefore, it is recommended that the institutional structure for billfish management be modified to include socioeconomic issues, most especially strengthening the link to local institutions in fishing communities.

This dissertation examines the role of donor-funded international projects to reduce mercury pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). ASM is the second largest source of anthropogenic global mercury pollution, accounting for roughly 1000tonnes of atmospheric emissions and releases to the environment per annum. The artisanal mining economy involves 10-15 million people across the developing world, and supports 80-100 million people directly and indirectly. In 2003 the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program reached consensus that there is sufficient scientific evidence to trigger an international response to global mercury pollution, including the pollution generated by ASM. Yet thus far most international interventions have concentrated on environmental monitoring and assessment, while virtually no efforts have focused on implementing solutions. The aim of this dissertation is to move global mercury policy for ASM past its emphasis on assessments. It does this by developing a philosophical and strategic policy framework to guide future interventions by international institutions. A brief history of global mercury policy is provided, illustrating how ASM has been neglected and examining divisions between ecocentric and technocentric theories of environmental intervention. The relationship between ASM and poverty is examined, reaching the conclusion that because artisanal gold mining is a form of upward mobility for the world's extreme poor, the idea of reducing mercury pollution by redirecting miners into alternative livelihoods is unrealistic; indeed gold itself is the alternative livelihood. Using case studies collected in the field, the issue of conflict over property rights between artisanal miners and large-scale mining companies is explored, and a risk mitigation framework presented to assist companies to coexist with artisanal miners. Finally, a new approach to international intervention is proposed based on three interdependent principles of formalization, capitalization, and education. A plan is developed for directing more expertise and financial resources to the field, and more effectively meeting the needs of miners. Specific recommendations include a rapid assessment methodology to select project sites, and improving operational linkages among public and private institutions.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relation between national economic ventures, environmental security and community development. It does so through a case study of the implementation process of an iron and copper mine (La Dominga Project) in a “biodiversity hotspot” in central-northern Chile. Using qualitative methods to gather empirical data and a discursive analytical framework, it seeks to understand how the mine affects livelihoods and community development, as perceived by local citizens. The results show that the state, the extractive industries and private landowners constantly contest the local community’s access to land. The state and the industry have an advantage in power, manifested in the decision-making procedure. As a consequence of the deficient participation in this process, the community faces a forced exposure to risk. La Dominga jeopardizes local livelihoods and alternative development plans, which show potential to be long-term ecologically sustainable. Those are 1) the community based- and adaptively co-managed area for exploitation of benthic resources and 2) the tourist activities, based on the bird and whale spotting tours to the closely located protected islands. The thesis further suggests that social mobilization and articulation of local resistance fails because of 1) elements of social control within the community, 2) the discursive role of mining, and more specifically copper mining in the Chilean landscape ideologies and 3) CSR-interventions in form of extensive, individual “grant programs”.

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) continues to grow in more than 70 countries in the developing world, creating thriving local rural economies but also causing significant environmental contamination and health issues, with one particularly problematic issue involving the use of mercury in the gold extraction process. With the advent of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury in 2009, a legally binding treaty aimed at reducing and where feasible eliminating mercury use, countries with significant ASGM populations require solutions for this sector. In April 2014, a mixed-methods rapid appraisal study was carried out over a three week period in the gold mining region of Kedougou, Senegal. During this time 80 structured interviews, 120 household surveys, physical measurements, observations and numerous informal interviews were utilized in conjunction with a comparative data analysis in order to create a national inventory of the ASGM sector for Senegal, to explore the sector’s socio-economic contribution to rural development in Senegal, and to provide a basis for discussing policy approaches needed to improve the sector. The results of this study show a thriving ASGM sector composed of approximately 67,000 people, producing an estimated 4.5 tonnes of gold per year and releasing approximately 5.2 tonnes of mercury into the environment. The methodologies used to create these estimates also provide in-depth information that illustrates an ASGM sector that is highly inter-connected with customary tenure practices and traditional agrarian livelihoods, and that is important for rural inhabitants in Senegal and other countries. This information can be utilized by the Senegalese and other governments to inform the policies that are being developed for the ASGM sector as they implement the obligations created by the Minimata Convention. / Graduate / 0503 / 0366 / 0617 / persaud.anthonyw@gmail.com

This dissertation examines the role of donor-funded international projects to reduce mercury pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). ASM is the second largest source of anthropogenic global mercury pollution, accounting for roughly 1000tonnes of atmospheric emissions and releases to the environment per annum. The artisanal mining economy involves 10-15 million people across the developing world, and supports 80-100 million people directly and indirectly. In 2003 the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program reached consensus that there is sufficient scientific evidence to trigger an international response to global mercury pollution, including the pollution generated by ASM. Yet thus far most international interventions have concentrated on environmental monitoring and assessment, while virtually no efforts have focused on implementing solutions. The aim of this dissertation is to move global mercury policy for ASM past its emphasis on assessments. It does this by developing a philosophical and strategic policy framework to guide future interventions by international institutions. A brief history of global mercury policy is provided, illustrating how ASM has been neglected and examining divisions between ecocentric and technocentric theories of environmental intervention. The relationship between ASM and poverty is examined, reaching the conclusion that because artisanal gold mining is a form of upward mobility for the world's extreme poor, the idea of reducing mercury pollution by redirecting miners into alternative livelihoods is unrealistic; indeed gold itself is the alternative livelihood. Using case studies collected in the field, the issue of conflict over property rights between artisanal miners and large-scale mining companies is explored, and a risk mitigation framework presented to assist companies to coexist with artisanal miners. Finally, a new approach to international intervention is proposed based on three interdependent principles of formalization, capitalization, and education. A plan is developed for directing more expertise and financial resources to the field, and more effectively meeting the needs of miners. Specific recommendations include a rapid assessment methodology to select project sites, and improving operational linkages among public and private institutions.