The purposes of the study were to determine the effects of self-recording techniques upon competitive swimming times, to determine the relationship between stated level of aspiration and subsequent performance, and to determine the influence of success or failure upon stated levels of aspiration. Subjects were fifteen female high-school competitive swimmers. Five subjects utilized self-recording techniques and projected levels of aspiration; ten subjects did not. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and by regression analysis. Alpha was .05. Conclusions of this study were that self-recording techniques do not significantly affect competitive swimming times, that a strong relationship exists between stated level of aspiration and subsequent performance, and that successful and unsuccessful performances generate increases in stated levels of aspiration.

We explored the relations among relational victimization and career-related variables in a sample of 174 non-violent female felony offenders residing in a community corrections residential facility. Archival data was used from a larger career-related reentry program that represented a joint effort between investigators at the VCU Department of Psychology and staff from the Virginia Department of Correctional Education. Data analyses focused on the association between (a) recent experiences of relational victimization and (b) career aspiration complexity code, (c) career aspirations towards or away from socially-oriented careers, (d) perceived occupational barriers, and (e) career decision-making self-efficacy. Hypothesized associations among this set of variables were not seen in the data; however, offenders’ aspirations appeared to deviate from established norms. Implications for female offenders reentering the workforce were discussed.

Cette thèse a été réalisée, entre autres, grâce à une subvention reçue du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture et de son partenaire le ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS) Les analyses contenues dans cette thèse ont été réalisées au Centre interuniversitaire québécois de statistiques sociales (CIQSS), membre du Réseau canadien des centres de données de recherche (RCCDR). Les activités du CIQSS sont rendues possibles grâce à l’appui financier du CRSHC, des IRSC, de la FCI, de Statistique Canada, du FRQSC ainsi que de l’ensemble des universités québécoises qui participent à leur financement. Les idées exprimées dans ce texte sont celles des auteurs et non celles des partenaires financiers. / Ce travail explore le phénomène social que sont l’élaboration et la variation des aspirations scolaires réalistes chez les finissants du secondaire tout au long de leurs études, soit sur une période de huit années. L’idée est de faire ressortir les fac-teurs en jeu, en se référant aux deux concepts sociologiques d’importance dans le milieu de l’éducation que sont l’habitus de Pierre Bourdieu et la rationalité de Ray-mond Boudon. En somme, cette thèse explore dans quelle mesure les facteurs liés à au parcours de l’élève (base de référence pour un calcul rationnel) et à l’héritage so-cioculturel (habitus) peuvent intervenir sur l’élaboration des aspirations scolaires dites réalistes et la variation des aspirations. Les analyses ont été effectuées en deux temps. La première consiste en une régression logistique pour l’analyse transversale selon les données de l’enquête au-près des jeunes en transition (EJET). Analyse qui avait pour intention de faire ressor-tir les principaux facteurs qui interviennent lors de l’élaboration d’une aspiration sco-laire chez les élèves canadiens qui sont à la fin de leurs études secondaires. Par la suite, une seconde analyse a été faite, toujours avec les données d’EJET, afin de poser un regard longitudinal sur ce phénomène afin de prendre connaissance des facteurs qui interviennent tout au long de leur parcours; pour ce faire une régression d’estimation d’équation généralisée a été effectuée. Les résultats tendent à suggérer que l’élève exécute bel et bien un calcul ra-tionnel pour l’élaboration et la variation des aspirations scolaires réalistes, mais un calcul qui est, avant tout, influencé par l’habitus, surtout selon le niveau d’études des parents (capital culturel institutionnalisé). Par ailleurs, ce calcul rationnel serait da-vantage influencé par la moyenne générale déclarée lors des études au secondaire et lors des premières années à la suite des études secondaires. Ainsi peut-on dire que l’élaboration et la variation d’une aspiration scolaire réaliste se conçoivent sur la base d’un héritage culturel et d’un parcours scolaire constitués d’un ensemble d’expériences scolaires récentes, qui pourrait se conceptualiser sous « la rationalité en habitus ». / This thesis investigates the social phenomenon of the elaboration and adjustment of realistic educational aspirations for high school graduates during the ten-year period preceding graduation. Its aim is to determine which factors most affect realistic edu-cational aspirations in the light of two major sociological concepts: Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and Raymond Boudon’s concept of rationality. In short, this thesis explores the manner in which factors linked to educational experience (the baseline for rational calculating) and to sociocultural heritage (habitus) may affect the cons-truction of so-called realistic educational aspirations and their adjustment The analyses are done in two distinct parts. The first part consists of logistic regres-sion analysis using cross-sectional data drawn from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). The aim of this analysis is to identify the main factors that enter into consid-eration during the construction of educational aspirations for Canadian students ap-proaching high school graduation. The second part, also using YITS data, examines this phenomenon with a longitudinal perspective in order to identify which factors affect aspirations throughout Canadian students’ educational experience. This is done using generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression. The results show that young students, predictably, use rational calculation when con-structing and adjusting realistic educational aspirations, but also that such a calcula-tion is highly influenced by the habitus, especially by the parents’ education level (institutionalized cultural capital). Moreover, the students’ calculation proves to be significantly constrained, when assessing the risks of following different educational aspirations, by the self-reported overall high school average and additional grades in the first years of a postsecondary studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 karolo.pdf: 888681 bytes, checksum: 0108eba901cb8567f6979752c9eb7dd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of aspiration of the voiceless plosives /p/, /t/ and /k/, in word-initial position, which constitutes one of the biggest difficulties of Brazilian students learning English. This analysis was made departing from two perspectives of data description: the binary one, which characterizes segments as aspirated or unaspirated , and the description in terms of the average VOT values of the segments produced. This distinction may lead to possible differences concerning the understanding of the developmental stages Brazilian learners of English go through, which may contribute to the understanding of L2 acquisition models and to the formalization in Phonological Theory. Teachers and students from an English course, as well as undergraduate students from Language and Literature major at Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), all of them from the Southern Brazilian city of Rio Grande, participated in this study. Participants were submitted to a placement test. The collection of data was made based on two instruments, containing words in Portuguese and English, having the segments /p/, /t/ and /k/ in initial position, with words that allow for the verification of quality effects of the following vowel. The conclusion is that, as well as in the study developed by Yavas & Wildermuth s (2006), the variables of place of articulation, height of the following vowel, number of syllables of the target-word and proficiency level of the learners have effects on the rates of aspiration/VOT produced by learners. This characterizes a very important discovery, mainly for those who are involved with the teaching of the L2 phonetic-phonological component. Furthermore, the description of VOT values proved able to highlight facts that were not clear under the binary approach, as it was able to reveal the gradience which characterizes the L2 acquisition process. In this sense, even though the target VOT values had not been completely reached, this latter approach was able to show that learners are already moving towards the target form, as they no longer produce the L1 pattern / Neste trabalho, foi investigado o fenômeno da aspiração das plosivas surdas /p/, /t/ e /k/, em posição inicial de palavras, o que constitui uma das dificuldades do aprendiz brasileiro ao aprender a língua inglesa. Tal análise foi feita a partir de duas perspectivas de descrição dos dados: a binária, com caracterização da presença/ausência de aspiração, e a descrição em termos de índices numéricos, referente às médias de VOT dos segmentos produzidos. A importância dessa distinção dá-se devido às possíveis diferenças no que concerne ao entendimento acerca dos estágios desenvolvimentais pelos quais passam os aprendizes, podendo contribuir com o entendimento dos modelos de aquisição de L2 e de formalização em Teoria Fonológica. Participaram deste estudo professores e estudantes de um curso de idiomas e acadêmicos do curso de Letras da Fundação Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), ambos da cidade do Rio Grande, os quais foram submetidos a um teste de nivelamento, a fim de homogeneizar a pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi feita com base em um instrumento de coleta de palavras em língua portuguesa, contendo os segmentos / p /, / t / e / k / em posição inicial; em um instrumento de coleta de palavras em língua inglesa, também contendo os segmentos / p /, / t / e / k / em posição inicial. Conclui-se que , bem como no estudo de Yavas & Wildermuth (2006), as variáveis referentes ao ponto de articulação, à altura da vogal seguinte, ao número de sílabas da palavra-alvo e ao nível de proficiência dos aprendizes exercem, sim, efeitos nos índices de aspiração/VOT produzidos pelos aprendizes, o que caracteriza uma descoberta bastante importante, sobretudo, para aqueles envolvidos com o ensino do componente fonético-fonológico da L2. Outrossim, a perspectiva de médias de VOT conseguiu evidenciar fatos que não se mostraram claros sob a perspectiva binária, pois elucidou a gradiência a qual caracteriza o processo de aquisição de L2, afinal, embora o alvo ainda não tenha sido plenamente atingido, desde o nível Básico de proficiência, os aprendizes pesquisados já se mostram em direção à forma-alvo, não mais produzindo os padrões da L1

Sensory input from the laryngeal mucosa is vital for triggering protective airway reflexes. The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is a brief vocal fold adductor reflex in response to stimulation of the laryngeal mucosa. Depressed LAR may lead to aspiration of foreign substances into the airway. Loss of laryngeal sensation has thus been considered as one of the risk factors associated with aspiration and airway complications in patients with dysphagia. Laryngeal sensation can be endoscopically tested by lightly and briefly touching a patient’s arytenoids or epiglottis with the tip of a flexible laryngoscope (the touch method). In a preliminary study, we endoscopically investigated the laryngeal sensation and swallowing ability of healthy adults and patients with dysphagia. The results indicated an association between sensory deficits as determined by the touch method and penetration/aspiration of trial boluses in both healthy adults and patients with dysphagia. However, the pressure applied to the larynx using this touch method might not be consistent, and the expected responses elicited by this method were uncertain. Study 1 of this dissertation investigated the variability in the pressure delivered by clinicians using the touch method. The study also reported on the types of various subject responses to the touches. The results revealed that there was a wide range of pressure levels exerted by examiners. This suggested the need for further research to establish the validity of this diagnostic tool. The study also showed that the LAR always occurred in response to touch in normal volunteers, suggesting that this technique may be quite sensitive at detecting sensory deficits in a person who does not exhibit an LAR in response to touch. Study 2 examined hospitalized patients with symptoms of dysphagia. The question of interest was whether an absent LAR in response to touch was associated with aspiration or pneumonia. No significant association was found between absent LAR and aspiration of food or liquid; however, a significant association was observed between absent LAR and the occurrence of pneumonia. The study indicated that the touch method has potential for predicting pneumonia in patients with swallowing problems. / 2017-11-07T00:00:00Z

Objetivos: O objetivo do nosso estudo foi verificar se a umidificação dos comprimidos com formulação brasileira de misoprostol vaginal aumenta a dilatação cervical antes da aspiração manual por vácuo (AMIU), em comparação com o uso de misoprostol seco nos abortos espontâneos no primeiro trimestre. O objetivo secundário foi verificar se houve correlação entre o pH vaginal e o grau de dilatação cervical usando um comprimido de misoprostol umedecido ou seco. Métodos: Estudo unicêntrico, duplo cego e randomizado, com 46 pacientes com aborto espontâneo de primeiro trimestre foram alocados aleatoriamente para o tratamento com 400 μg de misoprostol seco ou umedecido (com 200 μl de água destilada). Resultados: A dilatação cervical mediana (intervalo) nos grupos úmido e seco foi de 8 mm (6-12 mm) e 7 mm (5-10 mm), respectivamente ( p = 0,06). O tempo médio entre a inserção de misoprostol e a realização do procedimento não diferiu entre os grupos seco (406 min, intervalo 180-550 min) e molhado (448 min, intervalo 180-526 min) ( p = 0,1). Não foi encontrada correlação entre o pH vaginal e a dilatação cervical usando dados continuos ( p = 0.57; r = 0.08; intervalo de confiança de 95% -0.02, 0.3) ou dados dicotômicos (pH ≤5 /> 5, dilatação cervical ≥8 mm ou <8 mm; p = 0,8). Conclusão: Não foi observada diferença na dilatação cervical entre o uso de misoprostol umedecido e não umedecido antes do AMIU. / Objectives: The aim of our study was to ascertain whether moistening the Brazilian formulation of vaginal misoprostol tablets increases cervical dilation before manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), compared with use of dry misoprostol, in first-trimester miscarriage. The secondary objective was to ascertain whether there was any correlation between vaginal pH and the degree of cervical dilation using a moistened or dry misoprostol tablet. Methods: In a single-centre, double-blind, randomised trial, 46 patients with first-trimester miscarriage were randomly allocated to treatment with dry or moistened (with 200 μl distilled water) 400μg of misoprostol. Results: The median (range) cervical dilation in the wet and dry groups was 8 mm (6–12 mm) and 7 mm (5–10 mm), respectively (p=0.06). The median time between misoprostol insertion and carrying out the procedure did not differ between the dry (406 min, range 180–550 min) and wet (448 min, range 180–526 min) groups (p=0.1). No correlation was found between vaginal pH and cervical dilation using continuous data (p=0.57; r=0.08; 95% confidence interval -0.02, 0.3) or dichotomous data (pH ≤5/>5; cervical dilation ≥8 mm or <8 mm; p=0.8). Conclusion: No difference was observed in cervical dilation between moistened and non-moistened misoprostol use prior to MVA.

In beef cows, long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) supplementation in the early diestrus has paradoxical effects, as it both increases fertility in the field as well as induces anticipation of luteolysis in part of the treated animals. Considering that estradiol (E2) from the ovarian follicles during the luteal phase plays a central role in the induction of uterine PGF2&#945; release and luteal regression, here we tested the central hypothesis that the absence of post-deviation follicles (i.e., a low E2 tone) delays the early onset of luteolysis and extends the estrous cycle in Bos indicus cows supplemented with iP4. This dissertation consists of two studies. A first study was carried out to validate the use of cytologic brushes (cytobrush) as a tool to collect sequential samples of endometrium to characterize temporal changes in the transcriptome along the estrous cycle. It was concluded that the cytobrush technique was confirmed as a reliable, repeatable, and safe method for studying bovine uterine biology in vivo. In the second study, cyclic Nelore cows were synchronized and distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to receive treatment with placebo or 300 mg iP4 three days after ovulation (D0), and to be subjected or not to follicular aspiration (FA) during the luteal phase. Endometrial samples were collected on D15, D17 and D19 using the cytobrush technique, and abundance of transcripts was measured by qPCR. The iP4 decreased the size of the largest follicle on D6 and the area of the CL between D8 and 10 compared to the placebo groups. Cows submitted to FA had a longer cycle but timing of luteolysis was similar to non-FA cows. Treatment with iP4 and submitted to FA tended to advance the timing of structural luteal regression ( &le;D16). Furthermore, in the moments preceding luteolysis (D11 to D16), cows from this group that underwent luteolysis before or at D16 presented a smaller CL compared with cows of the same group that underwent luteolysis after D16. In addition, cows treated with iP4 that presented early luteolysis had a smaller CL across the luteal phase. There were no significant differences in the abundance of endometrial transcripts related to programming (PGR, ESR1) or execution (OXTR, PTGS2) of PGF2&#945; release. In summary, supplementation of P4 at early diestrus affected CL growth but did not modulate endometrial transcripts associated with luteolysis, suggesting that the uterine component might not be involved in this process. It is concluded that CLs impaired by exposure to iP4 during luteogenesis are most likely to undergo early luteal regression, and this may be exacerbated by low E2 concentrations resulting from FA. In conclusion, we rejected the hypothesis that reduced follicular E2 could prevent iP4-induced early onset of luteolysis in Bos indicus cows. / Em vacas de corte, a suplementação com progesterona injetável de longa ação (iP4) no diestro inicial tem efeitos paradoxais, uma vez que tanto aumenta a fertilidade a campo quanto induz a antecipação da luteólise em uma parte dos animais tratados. Considerando que o estradiol (E2) proveniente dos folículos ovarianos durante a fase luteal desempenha um papel central na indução da liberação de PGF2&#945; uterina e regressão luteal, testou-se a hipótese central de que a ausência de folículos pós-desvio previne a antecipação do momento da luteólise e prolonga o ciclo estral em vacas Bos indicus suplementadas com iP4. Esta dissertação consiste em dois estudos. Um primeiro estudo foi realizado para validar a utilização de escovas citológicas (cytobrush) como uma ferramenta para coletar amostras sequenciais do endométrio para caracterizar as mudanças temporais no transcriptoma ao longo do ciclo estral. Concluiuse que a técnica de cytobrush foi confirmada como um método confiável, repetível, e seguro para o estudo da biologia uterina bovina in vivo. No segundo estudo, vacas Nelore cíclicas foram sincronizadas e distribuídas em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 para receber tratamento com placebo ou 300 mg de iP4 três dias após a ovulação (D0), e serem submetidos ou não à aspiração folicular (AF) durante a fase lútea. Amostras endometriais foram coletadas no D15, D17 e D19 usando a técnica de cytobrush, e a abundância de transcritos foi medida por qPCR. A iP4 diminuiu o tamanho do maior folículo no D6 e a área do CL entre D8 e D10 comparado aos grupos placebo. Vacas submetidas à AF tiveram um ciclo mais longo, porém o momento da luteólise foi semelhante ao das vacas não aspiradas. O tratamento com iP4 e AF tendeu a adiantar o momento da regressão lútea estrutural (&le; D16). Além disso, nos momentos precedentes à luteólise (D11 ao D16), vacas desse grupo detectadas em luteólise antes ou no D16 apresentaram um CL menor em comparação com vacas do mesmo grupo em luteólise após o D16. Adicionalmente, vacas tratadas com iP4 com luteólise precoce apresentaram um menor CL ao longo da fase lútea. Não houve diferenças significativas na abundância de transcritos endometriais relacionados com a programação (PGR, ESR1) ou execução (OXTR, PTGS2) da liberação de PGF2&#945;. Em resumo, a suplementação com iP4 no início do diestro afetou o crescimento do CL mas não modulou os transcritos endometriais associados com a luteólise, sugerindo que o componente uterino pode não estar envolvido neste processo. Conclui-se que CLs comprometidos pela exposição à iP4 durante a luteogênese são mais susceptíveis à regredir antecipadamente, e isto pode ser exacerbado por baixas concentrações de E2 resultantes da AF. Em conclusão, rejeitamos a hipótese de que a redução do E2 folicular previne a antecipação da luteólise induzida pela iP4 em vacas Bos indicus.

O Exame de Medula Óssea (EMO) permite avaliação citológica da medula, sendo útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento de desordens hematológicas, quando exames mais simples não são suficientes para esclarecer o quadro clínico. Investigação clínica e laboratorial completa deve ser realizada para garantir que a indicação apropriada exista. São requeridas pelo menos duas colorações (Romanowsky e Azul da Prússia), onde devem ser avaliadas a qualidade da amostra, celularidade global da mesma, contagem diferencial de células nucleadas, relação Mielóide/Eritróide bem como cuidadosa avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa das três linhagens hematopoéticas (Granulocítica, Eritróide e Megacariocítica). O EMO fornece informações relevantes no diagnóstico e monitoramento de Leucemias/Linfomas, Mieloma Múltiplo (MM), Síndrome Mielodisplásica (SMD), Aplasia medular, doença metastática na Medula Óssea (MO), infecções em HIV positivos, febre de origem desconhecida e investigação de citopenias. Tendo em vista a classificação da OMS de 2008 para neoplasias mielóides e leucemias agudas cabe ressaltar a importância de unir achados citogenéticos, dentre os quais se destacam atualmente as mutações gênicas FLT3, KIT, NPM1 e CEBPA, aos achados morfológicos, imunofenotípicos, citoquímicos e clínicos, alcançando desta forma marcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos precisos que servem como guia para um tratamento eficaz. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as principais indicações para o EMO no HCPA bem como verificar a acurácia das mesmas. Foram analisados 400 pacientes submetidos ao EMO na Unidade de Hematologia do HCPA no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2009, tendo sido resgatados todos os resultados do Aspirado de Medula Óssea bem como dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes obtidos do prontuário médico. Verificou-se que cerca de metade dos pacientes submetidos ao EMO em nosso centro são para controle de tratamento, o que está de acordo com as características do mesmo, o qual é referência regional para tratamento de doenças malignas. Nos pacientes que realizam o exame com propósito diagnóstico as indicações principais são suspeita de Leucemia e MM. Nos 260 pacientes com suspeita de doença hematológica primária observou-se confirmação da mesma em 61% dos casos, nos 39% restantes foram encontradas alterações qualitativas e/ou quantitativas (29%), MO normal (7%) e amostra insuficiente/diluída (3%). Dos pacientes que fizeram o exame com propósito diagnóstico 20.5% não fizeram biópsia. Com relação à acurácia da indicação, encontrou-se que 7 pacientes (2%) provavelmente não deveriam ter sido submetidos a este procedimento. Ressaltamos a importância de realizar em todos os casos Aspirado e Biópsia de MO simultaneamente uma vez que seus achados devem ser correlacionados e se a Biópsia for omitida o patologista pode não obter a informação máxima requerida. / The Bone Marrow Examination (BME) permits cytological assessment of Marrow, being useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders, when simpler tests are not sufficient to clarify the clinical picture. Are required at least two colors (Romanowsky and Prussian blue), it should be evaluated the quality of the sample, the same overall cellularity, differential count of nucleated cells, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio and carefull evaluation quantitative / qualitative from the three lineages of hematopoietic (granulocytic, erythrocytic and megakaryocytic). The BME provides information relevant to diagnosis and follow-up of leukemia/lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), marrow aplasia, bone marrow (BM) metastatic disease , infections in HIV positive, pyrexia of unknown origin and investigation of cytopenias. The 2008 classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia highlight the importance of join cytogenetic findings - bring out currently FLT3, KIT, NPM1 and CEBPA gene mutations - to the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical and clinical findings reaching this way accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers that serve as a guide to effective treatment. This study aims to identify the main indications for the BME at HCPA and to verify their accuracy. It were analyzed 400 patients submitted to BME in the Hematology Unit of HCPA in the period January to December 2009, having been rescued the bone marrow aspirate results as well as all relevant clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records. It was found that about half of patients submit BME in our center are to control treatment, which agrees with the characteristics of it, it is a regional referral center for treatment of malignancies. In patients who perform the test with diagnostic purpose the main indications were suspected leukemia and MM. In 260 patients with suspected primary hematological disease 61.2% turned out to be the case, the remaining 38.8% had quantitative and/or qualitative BM alterations (29.6%), normal MO (6.5%) and insufficient sample or diluted (2.7%). Of the patients who took the exam with diagnostic purpose 20.5% had no biopsy. With respect to accuracy of indication, it was found that 7 patients (2%) probably should not have undergone this procedure. We emphasize the importance of performing in all cases aspirate and biopsy since their findings must be correlated and furthermore if the biopsy is omitted the pathologist can not get the maximum information required.

No description available.

A stroke is a life-changing event for a patient and his or her family. The acute stroke patient is at risk for developing aspiration pneumonia, whether silent or overt. Prevention of pneumonia in this population requires timely completion and documentation of the bedside swallow screen to identify those patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia; however, anecdotal data from the emergency department at the site of this project suggested that completion and documentation of the screening were inconsistent. Guided by the quality caring model adopted by the project site as well as the logic model, the aim of this project was to evaluate emergency room nurses' compliance with documentation after completing a modified bedside swallow screening. To facilitate documentation compliance, the current bedside screening tool was modified to make it user friendly. Electronic records of stroke patients (n = 104) admitted to the emergency room were monitored for a period of 6 months after implementing the modified bedside swallow screening tool. The findings indicate that implementing the modified bedside swallow screening tool achieved 93% documentation compliance in the electronic records and 100% documentation in patient charts over this 6-month period and clearly identified patients at risk for developing aspiration pneumonia. Further study is recommended to determine the relationship between the results of the modified bedside swallow screening and the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Implementation of this modified bedside swallow screening tool can initiate therapeutic measures to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in the acute stroke patient, resulting in shorter length of hospitalization and reduced health care costs.