Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:47:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 mercia.pdf: 7178804 bytes, checksum: 598f3cf54883c3dd3c56edfbb1797bca (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) ? uma esp?cie de Asteraceae conhecida popularmente como arnica-do-mato, arnica-do-campo ou simplesmente arnica. E utilizada na medicina popular contra machucados e dores no corpo, porem a literatura carece de informa??es cient?ficas, encontrando-se apenas um artigo sobre estudo fitoqu?mico. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo de P. brasiliensis, esse trabalho relata o estudo fitoqu?mico e ensaios biol?gicos que investigaram a atividade antiinflamat?ria e antioxidante de extratos das folhas da planta. As folhas foram coletadas na cidade de Diamantina, no Campus JK da UFVJM. Uma parte das folhas ainda frescas foi utilizada para extra??o de ?leo essencial, e outra parte do material vegetal foi seco e submetido ? extra??o com solventes de diferentes polaridades ? hexano, acetato de etila, etanol e ?gua ? obtendo-se quatro extratos. Os constituintes do ?leo essencial foram identificados por CG-EM, encontrando-se 25 terpenos, sendo os majorit?rios os monoterpenos ?-tujeno (17,21%) e ?-pineno (32,61%). Os extratos foram submetidos a t?cnicas cromatogr?ficas cl?ssicas e suas fra??es foram analisadas por CG-EM, IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, identificando-se o diterpeno acido cauren?ico; os triterpenos ?-amirina, acetato de ?-amirina, ?-amirina, acetato de ?-amirina, lupeol, acetato de lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol; e possivelmente uma lactona sesquiterp?nica. Em ensaios de triagem fitoqu?mica realizados com os extratos, foram detectadas as classes de metab?litos secund?rios: cumarinas, flavon?ides, taninos condens?veis, antocianinas, antraquinonas, saponinas, compostos redutores e triterpenos/ester?ides. A esp?cie apresentou um potencial antiinflamat?rio, uma vez que os extratos aquoso e etan?lico modularam a produ??o da citocina IFN-?, envolvida diretamente na inicializa??o e amplifica??o da resposta inflamat?ria. Os extratos apresentaram baixo potencial antioxidante, nas concentra??es avaliadas e nos ensaios de atividade de retirada de radical, e de poder de redu??o do ?on met?lico Fe3+, apesar dos extratos aquoso e etan?lico possu?rem compostos fen?licos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho foi uma contribui??o para o estudo fitoqu?mico e de atividades biol?gicas desta planta. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae) is a species of Asteraceae popularly known as arnica-do-mato, arnica-do-campo or arnica simply. It is used in folk medicine against wounds and body aches, but there lack of scientific literature and found only one article on phytochemical study. Aiming to contribute to the study of P. brasiliensis, this work reports the phytochemical and biological tests that investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of the leaves. The leaves were collected in the city of Diamantina, in the Campus JK of UFVJM. Part of the leaves still fresh, were used for extraction of essential oil, and another part of the plant material was dried and subjected to extraction with solvents of different polarities - hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water - resulting in four extracts. The constituents of the essential oil were identified by GC-MS and was found 25 terpenes, of which the major was the monoterpenes ?-thujene (17.21%) and ?-pinene (32.61%). The extracts were subjected to classical chromatographic techniques and their fractions were analyzed by GC-MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, identifying the diterpene kaurenoic acid, triterpenes ?-amyrin acetate, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol, and possibly a sesquiterpene lactone. In tests conducted with phytochemical extracts were detected classes of secondary metabolites, coumarins, flavonoids, condensed tannins, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, saponins, reducing compounds and triterpenes/steroids. The species had an anti-inflammatory potential, because the aqueous and ethanol extracts modulate the production of the cytokine IFN-?, directly involved in the startup and amplification of the inflammatory response. The extracts showed lower antioxidant potential, and concentrations evaluated in the trials of withdrawal of radical activity, and power reduction of Fe3+ metal ion, despite the aqueous and ethanol extracts possess phenolic compounds. Thus, the present work was a contribution to the study phytochemical and biological activities of this plant.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LissandraSQ.pdf: 1069993 bytes, checksum: 556a7ed5b99d34531ce7aab70a3ea3cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The mushrooms have been object of intense research in view of its potential raising of application in different sectors of the pharmacology and alimentary industry. Among diverse bioactive composites of polyssacharides nature that exist in the fungus the glucans are much searched. These are polymers of glucose and classified as the type of glicosidic linking [&#945;, &#946;]. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ranscription factors belonging to the family of nuclear receptors that bind themselves o specific agonists, have shown their importance in controlling the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to perform a chemical characterization of extract rom the mushroom Caripia montagnei, assess its antiinflammatory and antibacterial effect and determine if this effect occurs via PPAR. This mushroom is composed of carbohydrates (63.3?4.1%), lipids (21.4l?0.9%) and proteins (2.2? 0.3%). The aqueous solution resulting from the fractionation contained carbohydrates (98.7?3.3%) and protein (1.3?0.25%). Analyses of infrared spectrophotometry and of nuclear magnetic esonance demonstrated that the extract of mushroom C. montagnei is rich in &#946;-glucans. In hioglycolate-induced peritonitis, the C. montagnei glucans (50 mg/kg) educed the inflammatory process in 65.5?5.2% and agonists, pharmacological igands, for PPAR: Wy-14643 (49.3?6.1%), PFOA (48.9?3.8%) and clofibrate in 45.2?3.2%. Sodium diclofenac showed a reduction of 81.65?0.6%. In the plantar edema, the glucans from C. montagnei (50 mg/kg) and L-NAME reduced the edema to a similar degree 91.4?0.3% and 92.8?0,5 %, respectively. In all the groups tested, nitric oxide (NO), an inflammation mediator, showed a significant reduction in the nitrate/nitrite levels when compared to the positive control (P<0.001). The C. montagnei glucans did not show cytotoxicity in the concentrations tested (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 ?g/100 ?L). Antibacterial activity demonstrated that, unlike total extract, there was no inhibition of bacterial growth. The C. montagnei glucans show great potential for antiinflammatory applications. This effect suggests that it is mediated by PPAR activation and by COX and iNOS inhibition / Os fungos tem sido objeto de intensa pesquisa, tendo em vista seu elevado potencial de aplica??o em diferentes setores da ind?stria farmacol?gica e alimentar. Dentre os diversos compostos bioativos de natureza polissacar?dica presentes nos fungos as glucanas est?o entre os mais pesquisados. Estes s?o pol?meros de glucose amplamente distribu?dos na natureza e classificadas conforme o tipo de liga??o glicos?dica [&#945;, &#946;]. Os Receptores Ativados por Proliferadores de Peroxissoma (PPARs) s?o fatores de transcri??o, pertencentes ? fam?lia de receptores nucleares que se ligam a agonistas espec?ficos e possuem grande import?ncia no controle do processo inflamat?rio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracteriza??o qu?mica do extrato do fungo Caripia montagnei, avaliar seu efeito antiinflamat?rio e antibacteriano, al?m de verificar se este efeito acontece via PPAR. C.montagnei ? constitu?do de carboidratos (63.3 ? 0.73%), lip?deos (21.4? 0.9%) e prote?nas (2.2?0.4%). O extrato aquoso resultante do fracionamento desse fungo mostrou ser constitu?do por carboidratos (98.7?0.9%) e prote?na (1.3?0.8%). As an?lises de espectrofotometria de infravermelho e de resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear (NMR) demonstraram que o extrato do fungo C. montagnei ? rico em &#946;-glucanas. Na peritonite induzida por tioglicolato, o extrato de Caripia montagnei (50 mg/Kg) conseguiu reduzir o processo inflamat?rio em 65.5? 0.9%, este valor ? superior a Wy-14643 (49.3?0.65%), PFOA (48.9?0,69%) e clofibrato (35.2?0,95%), que s?o agonistas de PPAR-&#945;, e semelhante ao diclofenaco (81.6? 0,79). No edema plantar as glucanas de C. montagnei (50 mg/Kg) e o L-NAME apresentaram redu??o do edema de forma semelhante, 91.4?1.1% e 92,8?0.9%, respectivamente. O ?xido n?trico (NO), mediadores da inflama??o mostrou que em todos os grupos testados houve redu??o significativa (P<0.001) dos n?veis de nitrato/nitrito quando comparados ao controle positivo. No ensaio de citotoxicidade as glucanas de C. montagnei n?o apresentaram toxicidade nas concentra??es testadas (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 e 40.0 ug/100uL) no per?odo de 4 horas. A atividade antibacteriana (30, 90 e 150 mg/mL) revelou que n?o houve inibi??o do crescimento bacteriano. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que as glucanas de Caripia montagnei possuem um grande potencial de aplica??o como antiinflamat?rio. Este efeito ? mediado parcialmente por ativa??o dos PPARs e por inibi??o da COX e iNOS

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaSN.pdf: 1926704 bytes, checksum: da3259de4a29785c64e3b5736af19e2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Several pharmacological properties have been attributed to isolated compounds from mushroom. Recently, have these compounds, especially the polysaccharides derived from mushrooms, modulate the immune system, and its antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic and antiinflammatory activities. This study assesses the possible pharmacological properties of the polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum mushroom. The centesimal composition of the tissue showed that this fungus is composed mainly of fibers (35.61%), ash (33.69%) and carbohydrates (25.31%). The chemical analysis of the polysaccharide fraction showed high levels of carbohydrates (94.71%) and low content of protein (5.29%). These polysaccharides are composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose in the following molar ratios 0.156, 0.044, 0.025, 0.066 and the infrared analysis showed a possible polysaccharide-protein complex. The polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum showed antioxidant potential with concentration-dependent antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. The analysis scavenging of superoxide radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed that the polysaccharides from S. nitidum have an IC50 of 12.70 mg/ml and EC50 10.4 &#956;g/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by the presence of reducing potential of these polysaccharides. The effect of these polymers on the inflammatory process was tested using the carrageenan or histamine-induced paw edema model and the sodium thioglycolate or zymosan-induced model. The polysaccharides were effective in reducing edema (73% at 50 mg/kg) and cell infiltrate (37% at 10 mg/kg) in both inflammation models tested. Nitric oxide, a mediator in the inflammatory process, showed a reduction of around 26% at 10 mg/kg of body weight. Analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed that in the groups treated with polysaccharides from S. nitidum there was an increase in cytokines such as IL-1ra, IL-10, and MIP-1&#946; concomitant with the decrease in INF-&#947; (75%) and IL-2 (22%). We observed the influence of polysaccharides on the modulation of the expression of nuclear factor &#954;B. Thus, polysaccharides from S. nitidum reduced the expression of NF-&#954;B by up to 64%. The results obtained suggest that NF-&#954;B modulation is one of the possible mechanisms that explain the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from the fungus S. nitidum. / Diversas propriedades farmacol?gicas t?m sido atribu?das aos compostos isolados de fungos. Recentemente, t?m-se referido quanto ? capacidade desses compostos, principalmente os polissacar?deos derivados de cogumelos, de modular o sistema imunol?gico, al?m de suas a??es antitumoral, antiviral, antibi?tica e antiinflamat?ria. Este estudo avalia a capacidade dos polissacar?deos do fungo Scleroderma nitidum quanto ?s suas poss?veis propriedades farmacol?gicas. A composi??o centesimal do tecido deste fungo demonstrou que este ? composto principalmente por fibras (35,61%), cinzas (33,69%) e carboidratos (25,31%). As an?lises qu?micas da fra??o polissacar?dica revelaram alto teor de carboidratos (94,71%) e baixo teor de prote?nas (5,29%). Esses polissacar?deos s?o constitu?dos por glicose, galactose, manose e fucose nas seguintes propor??es molares 0,156; 0,044; 0,025; 0,066, respectivamente e a an?lise de infravermelho demonstrou um poss?vel complexo polissacar?deo-prote?na. Os polissacar?deos de S. nitidum demonstraram potencial antioxidante com atividade relativa ao ?cido asc?rbico massa-dependente. As an?lises sobre a varredura de radicais super?xido e inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica demonstraram que os polissacar?deos de S. nitidum apresentam um IC50 estimado em 12,70 mg/ml e EC50 10,4 &#956;g/ml, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi confirmada pela presen?a de potencial redutor dos polissacar?deos. Este estudo tamb?m avaliou a capacidade dos polissacar?deos do fungo S. nitidum como agente antiinflamat?rio. O efeito destes pol?meros no processo inflamat?rio foi testado usando-se os modelos de edema de pata induzido por carragenana ou histamina e o modelo de peritonite induzida por tioglicolato de s?dio ou zymosan. Os polissacar?deos foram efetivos na redu??o do edema (73% a 50 mg/kg) e infiltrado celular (37% a 10 mg/kg) nos dois modelos de inflama??o testados. ?xido n?trico, um mediador do processo inflamat?rio, mostrou uma redu??o de cerca de 26% nos grupos tratados com a dose 10 mg/kg dos polissacar?deos. A an?lise de citocinas pr? e antiinflamat?rias mostrou que nos grupos tratados com os polissacar?deos de S. nitidum houve aumento de citocinas como IL-1ra (2x), IL-10 (3x) e concomitante a diminui??o de INF-&#947; (75%), MIP-1&#946; (29%) e IL-2 (22%). Al?m disso, nos grupos tratados com os polissacar?deos tamb?m foi verificada uma inibi??o de cerca de 64% na express?o do NF-&#954;B. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a modula??o do NF-&#954;B ? um dos poss?veis mecanismos que esclarece os efeitos anti-inflamat?rios dos polissacar?deos do fungo S. nitidum.