The flexibility of the labour market is considered as an instrument for increasing economic growth.Therefore has the use of flexible employment, also called atypical employment, increased. The atypical employment is characterized by insecurity in comparison with a traditional permanent full- time employment. One of the most common atypical employments is the manning employment, which is insecure whether it is permanent or not. The insecurity in the industry is based on insecure income, unpredictable working hours and poor psychosocial work environment. In order to encourage a continued increase of flexibility in the labour market while the need for security for staffing employees would be satisfied was Directive 2008:104 adopted. A certain amount of security has been achieved. Despite this, remains high mental illness among the staffing employees. Mental illness is based on job insecurity, where, for example unpredictable working hours and high expectations are contributing factors. Young people and immigrants are those groups that in the staffing industry are significantly overrepresented, and young people as a group are also overrepresented both in the general labour market and the industry with temporary employment. Young people are also the group in society who suffers from very high mental illness. The purpose of this essay is to, based on legal regulations and other relevant literature, examine how the staffing industry function and it’s need for flexibility relate to the workers need of security, and potential consequences of flexibility for workers and labour market. I also aim to investigate how already vulnerable groups in society and labor market may be affected by flexibility emergence.

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Les transformations du monde du travail, dues à la mondialisation, se font principalement au profit de l’efficacité et l’efficience des entreprises. Ces changements, touchant aussi l’organisation du travail, ne sont pas sans effets sur la santé des travailleurs. Cette étude traite principalement de l’effet des horaires atypiques sur la santé mentale des travailleurs. Elle a pour objectifs 1) d’étudier l’association entre l’horaire atypique et les problèmes de santé mentale chez les travailleurs ; 2) d’explorer l’effet du conflit travail-famille, des demandes psychologiques et de l’autorité décisionnelle sur la santé mentale des travailleurs. Cette étude est basée sur un échantillon de 2 162 participants de l’enquête SALVEO, qui est une des plus importantes études réalisées sur la santé mentale et le travail au Canada. Préalablement, des analyses descriptives ont été effectués afin de dresser le portrait de la population à l’étude et de comparer la prévalence des problèmes de santé mentale chez les travailleurs. Afin de tester les hypothèses, des analyses de corrélation bivariée et de régression logistique ont été réalisées. Les résultats nous ont montré que les horaires atypiques n’ont pas d’association directe sur la santé mentale des travailleurs. Cependant, l’horaire atypique est associé à des problèmes de santé mentale. Le conflit travail-famille et les demandes psychologiques tendent à augmenter le risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale, et inversement pour l’autorité décisionnelle. / The changes in the world of work due to globalization are mainly for the benefit of the effectiveness and efficiency of enterprises. These changes, which also affect the work organization, are not without effects on the health of workers. This thesis focuses on the effect of non-standard work schedules on the mental health of workers. Its objectives are 1) to study the association between non-standard schedules and mental health problems among workers; and 2) to explore the effect of work-family conflict, psychological demands, and decision latitude on workers' mental health. This study is based on a sample of 2,162 participants from the SALVEO survey, which is one of the most important mental health studies conducted in Canada. Preliminary, descriptive analyses were conducted in order to draw up a portrait of the study population and compare the prevalence of mental health problems among workers. In order to refute or confirm the hypotheses put forward, bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses were carried out. All analyses were performed using version 25 of the SPSS software. The results showed us that non-standard schedules have no direct effect on the mental health of workers. However, people working non-standard schedules are at greater risk of developing mental health problems compared to those working standard schedules. Work-family conflict and psychological demands tend to increase the risk of developing mental health problems, while decision-making latitude has the opposite effect.

Dans ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons à la portée effective de la protection offerte par le droit du travail au Québec dans le contexte actuel du marché de l’emploi. Pour approfondir cette question, nous avons choisi d’explorer l’application du droit dans une industrie où les conditions de travail se révèlent bien souvent difficiles et contraignantes, voire carrément précaires. Ce mémoire traite de l’industrie de la restauration. Plus précisément, notre analyse porte sur les difficultés que pose, dans ce secteur d’activité, l’application des normes juridiques destinées à encadrer la relation employeur-salarié. Le présent ouvrage s’articule autour des facettes de l’industrie de la restauration à l’égard desquelles l’application de ces normes est susceptible de connaître des ratés, à savoir l’identification de l’employeur dans les franchises de restauration, le contrôle du salarié sur son horaire de travail, la sécurité d’emploi et l’accès à la syndicalisation. Notre étude tend à démontrer que, dans leur forme actuelle, les lois du travail accentuent l’instabilité qui caractérise les conditions auxquelles sont soumis les salariés de l’industrie de la restauration. Ce mémoire met en lumière les raisons pour lesquelles la protection dont jouissent ces salariés se révèle dans bien des cas insuffisante. Bien qu’elle se cantonne à un seul secteur d’activité économique, la présente étude s’inscrit dans un phénomène global en ce que les problèmes qui y sont abordés affectent le marché du travail dans son ensemble. / This thesis focuses on the ability of Quebec labour laws to fully exert their protective role in the current context of the labour market. To explore this question in depth, we have chosen to analyze the application of the law in an industry where working conditions are often difficult and restrictive, even downright precarious, namely the restaurant industry. Specifically, this analysis focuses on the difficulties posed by the application of legal standards intended to regulate the employer-employee relationship. We look at the facets of the restaurant industry where the application of these standards is likely to fail, namely the identification of the real employer in restaurant franchises, the employee control over working hours, job security and access to unionization. This study is meant to show that, in their current form, labour laws worsen the instability that characterizes the working conditions to which employees in the restaurant industry are subjected. This thesis sheds light on the reasons why the protection enjoyed by these employees is in many cases insufficient. Although it is confined to a single sector of economic activity, this study is part of a global phenomenon in the sense that the dynamics causing the difficult working conditions in the restaurant industry affect the whole labour market.