Following extensive research into mine health and safety fatalities by the Leon Commission in 1996, the Mining Qualifications Authority (MQA) was established as an organ of state. The study focuses on the relationship between strategic planning and budgeting and how well these concepts are implemented within the MQA. The study found that there is definite alignment between the budgeting and strategic planning processes of the MQA. The strategic planning process in the MQA is well-formulated through an annual strategic planning session. The strategy identified is that Board and Committee members with no financial management experience should attend the training course specifically developed by the University of South Africa (Unisa), namely “Roles of a board in the management of public entities” and the MQA should play a more central role in health and safety through the development of health and safety programmes aimed at reducing fatalities. / Thesis (M. Tech. (Public Management))

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) is critical in the proper functioning of South Africa’s criminal justice system and upholding of the rule of law. And for it to play this critical role it must be independent from any external influence and manipulation and carry out its functions without fear, favour and prejudice. Once it allows external interference in its prosecutorial function it runs the risk of functioning with fear and favour of powerful forces in the society, thereby losing its independence. This may result in loss of trust in and support by the public of the rule of law. However, in recent history the NPA has taken decisions that raise questions about its independence. These questionable decisions involve high profile politicians and government officials who are, allegedly, involved in illegal and corrupt activities and practices, but are either not prosecuted, or credible cases against them are being suspiciously withdrawn. This state of affairs has caused uncomfortable allegations and counter allegations, all of which question the independence of the NPA, and these can no longer be ignored. State institutions, especially the security cluster, are allegedly heavily involved and the judiciary is threatened overtly when certain decisions go against some politicians. The study, therefore, is designed to investigate the extent to which the alleged interferences impact negatively with the administration of justice. It then assesses and evaluates the constitutional and legislative safeguards guaranteeing the independence of the NPA in order to determine if they are adequate enough to prevent the NPA from external executive and political interference in its prosecutorial decision-making function. To achieve this, the charging, prosecution and dropping of charges against Jacob Zuma, on various counts of corruption and other related matters will, inter alia, be the primary focus of the study. The study comes up with set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the integrity of the NPA, in particular, and the criminal justice system in general.

Magister Legum - LLM / Members of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) are required to be dedicated to the rule of law. Yet, recent and past decision-making has caused instability in the functioning of the NPA. The decision to prosecute or not to prosecute involves the exercise of discretion. The NPAs use of this discretion has been called into question on numerous occasions which has resulted in the erosion of its independence and credibility. There are constitutional and legislative provisions in place to guide prosecutors in the decision-making process which allows for a measure of accountability. However, the link between prosecutorial independence and accountability for decision-making is not clear when looking at recent and past decisions by the National Directors of Public Prosecutions. Therefore, an evaluation of the instability in the office of the National Director of Public Prosecutions during the period of 1998-2018 will be discussed. The research discusses the unwarranted intrusion on prosecutorial decision-making. Furthermore, external interfering has resulted in the loss of public confidence in the functioning of the NPA. The administrative duties of prosecutors are guided by constitutional and legislative procedures. Hence, the research will identify whether these procedures are efficient for the effective administration of the NPA. Key to the already mentioned will be providing recommendations on how to create stability in an institution that has been surrounded by instability for the past 20 years.

American philosopher and theologian, John M. Frame (1939—) is respected as one of the most outstanding systematic theologians in our day. Likely due to the fact that he is still living, academic scholarship on Frame is virtually non-existent. Still, his writings demand engagement especially in the light of his distinctive Lordship theology, and its unique core idea: perspectivalism, also known as the lordship principle. The aim of this present research is thus to define precisely what “lordship” means to Frame. Deciphering this meaning requires more than explication, but also interrogative interaction. The research will thus begin with a biblical-theological evaluation of the Framian idea of lordship in dialogue with the eminent, Dutch theologian, Abraham van de Beek. It then moves to an evaluation of how perspectivalism affects Frame’s views on ethics, apologetics, and theology of culture. The research in these areas will scrutinize Frame’s corpus as well as examine his views in colloquia with thinkers with shared interests. Because these disciplines are linked in Frame with other areas of his thought, the data also include explications and appraisals of his work in ontology and epistemology. Frame’s lordship principle is linked with a particular methodology. He sums the whole of God and his involvement with his creation according to three perspectives (hence perspectivalism). Those are God’s control, authority and presence. Frame sums the human response to these perspectives according to three related ideas: the existential, normative, and existential. God’s perspectival interaction with his creation, and the human response, by both Christian and non-Christian alike, leads Frame to original outcomes in dogmatics, which are explored in this work. The finding of this research demonstrates a theological approach that bridges both essential and constructive interests. That is to say that, on the one hand, Frame’s method is guided solely by the voice of Scripture while, on the other hand, his lordship principle presents historic Reformed theology afresh in ways previously undiscovered. Frame’s original approach may well set the stage for an awakening of Reformed thought. It is hoped that this seminal work will spark such a revival in theology. / PhD (Dogmatics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

American philosopher and theologian, John M. Frame (1939—) is respected as one of the most outstanding systematic theologians in our day. Likely due to the fact that he is still living, academic scholarship on Frame is virtually non-existent. Still, his writings demand engagement especially in the light of his distinctive Lordship theology, and its unique core idea: perspectivalism, also known as the lordship principle. The aim of this present research is thus to define precisely what “lordship” means to Frame. Deciphering this meaning requires more than explication, but also interrogative interaction. The research will thus begin with a biblical-theological evaluation of the Framian idea of lordship in dialogue with the eminent, Dutch theologian, Abraham van de Beek. It then moves to an evaluation of how perspectivalism affects Frame’s views on ethics, apologetics, and theology of culture. The research in these areas will scrutinize Frame’s corpus as well as examine his views in colloquia with thinkers with shared interests. Because these disciplines are linked in Frame with other areas of his thought, the data also include explications and appraisals of his work in ontology and epistemology. Frame’s lordship principle is linked with a particular methodology. He sums the whole of God and his involvement with his creation according to three perspectives (hence perspectivalism). Those are God’s control, authority and presence. Frame sums the human response to these perspectives according to three related ideas: the existential, normative, and existential. God’s perspectival interaction with his creation, and the human response, by both Christian and non-Christian alike, leads Frame to original outcomes in dogmatics, which are explored in this work. The finding of this research demonstrates a theological approach that bridges both essential and constructive interests. That is to say that, on the one hand, Frame’s method is guided solely by the voice of Scripture while, on the other hand, his lordship principle presents historic Reformed theology afresh in ways previously undiscovered. Frame’s original approach may well set the stage for an awakening of Reformed thought. It is hoped that this seminal work will spark such a revival in theology. / PhD (Dogmatics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In recent years, a significant change in the pharmacist’s scope of practice is the expansion of prescriptive authority (PA). In Saskatchewan, pharmacists adopted an interdependent prescribing model to support interprofessional collaboration, public safety though the optimal use of drug therapy, and the optimization of pharmacy competencies. In acquiring this new prescriptive authority, the community pharmacist also assumes new responsibilities and obligations, as well as transforming their relationships with patients and physicians. The purpose of this research is to assess rates of adoption by pharmacists of PA (Level 1 and Minor Ailments Prescribing) within community pharmacy practice in Saskatchewan. To gain a better understanding of how pharmacists are responding to new and evolving models of practice, this study proposes to measure their experiences with PA services and how it is affected by aspects of their professional practice. To investigate the study’s research questions, a cross-sectional study using a mail-in questionnaire with an online option was initiated. All registered community pharmacists in Saskatchewan (998) were asked to participate in the study. Of the 998 distributed questionnaires, 501 were returned back by the respondents yielding a response rate of 51.3 percent. The results disclose that a vast majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they were confident in their ability to provide Level 1 (94%) and Minor Ailment (75%) prescribing. Respondents indicated that 74.2 percent of the time they actually provide Level 1 (L1) prescribing services to their patients and slightly more than half (52.5%) of the time provided Minor Ailment (MA) prescribing services. The majority of respondents (81.4 %) indicated that on average it took twenty minutes or less to provide MA prescribing service to their patients. Most pharmacist respondents strongly supported the statement that the pharmacies they worked at consistently provided Prescriptive Authority services (L1- 90% Strongly Agreed or Agreed, MA- 52.9% Strongly Agreed or Agreed) and that they get full support from managers (L1- 95.6% Strongly Agreed or Agreed, MA- 88% Strongly Agreed or Agreed) for their involvement in PA services. Respondents indicated some concern regarding the limited knowledge of patients on what pharmacists can do for them as a prescriber. In terms of overall relationships with patients, respondents indicated that patients were satisfied with the services pharmacists provide as a prescriber. Respondents reported that they had a good relationship with physicians. However, they did express concerns about their limited interactions with physicians as MA prescribers. Respondents generally reported supportive environments and positive interactions with patients and physicians. However, while expressing confidence in their ability to provide all prescriptive authority services, Level 1 services that supported traditional dispensing services were generally more consistently provided, supported, and perceived as being valued by patients and physicians compared to Minor Ailment Prescribing. The results also support the notion that pharmacists are highly confident to provide PA services to the patients and their relationships with the patients and physician improved day by day. Nevertheless, there is little evidence to suggest that patient’s level of knowledge about pharmacist’s new role; pharmacist’s interaction with physicians and physicians’ knowledge on PA have affected the provision of Prescriptive Authority services.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish an understanding of the authority gap in current project management practices. The research took the form of a literature review on the topics related to authority relations in general, and authority relations in project management. The study begins by analysing authority and it becomes apparent that while most people intuitively understand what authority means, it is a complex subject that cannot be explored completely within the limitations of this study. However, an overview of authority, and the authority relations that exist between people are presented. Factors such as politics, power and influence determine authority relations between people, and these factors are explored to establish the connection between them and authority. It is seen from the literature review that people can use their influence over people to gain a power base where no formal power base existed. It is shown that it is possible for people to build up a number of power bases using various influence techniques. The study continues by discussing the evolution of project management and the concept of organisational culture respectively. Project management in the 1960's was vastly different from current project management practices. This is mainly due to modem organisations using project management as a strategic tool in order to decrease research and development time, and serve customers better. It is seen that matrix management is widely used in modem project management and that the culture of an organisation is an important factor to consider when organisations are implementing project management. The penultimate chapter describes the authority relations specific to project management, and how organisational politics have a pivotal role in project management. It is shown that politics is an inevitable part of project management, and that project managers need to be astute political players in order to bridge the authority gap. The final chapter gives the conclusion and recommendations of the study. The main conclusion reached is that the authority gap still exists in current project management practices, thus human relations and organisation politics are playing a major role in project management. Project managers need to be astute political players and develop various forms of authority in order to ensure project success. A series of recommendations is given to organizations and project managers, which will assist in closing the authority gap. It is also recommended that empirical research be carried out in order to practically define the authority gap. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om insig te kry in die gesagsgaping in huidige praktyke in projekbestuur. Die narvorsing is gegrond op 'n literatuuroorsig van die onderwerpe wat betrekking het op gesagsverhoudings oor die algemeen, en gesagsverhoudings in projekbestuur. Die studie begin met 'n ontleding van gesag, en dit blyk duidelik dat hoewel die meeste mense 'n intuïtiewe begrip het van wat gesag beteken, dit 'n komplekse onderwerp is wat nie volledig binne die beperkings van hierdie studie ondersoek kan word nie. 'n Oorsig oor gesag en die gesagsverhoudings wat tussen mense bestaan, word egter aangebied. Faktore soos politiek, mag en invloed bepaal gesagsverhoudings tussen mense en word hier ondersoek om die verband tussen hierdie faktore en gesag vas te stel. Die literatuuroorsig toon dat mense hulle invloed oor ander kan inspan om 'n magsbasis te bekom waar daar nie 'n formele magsbasis bestaan nie. Daar word getoon dat dit vir mense moontlik is om 'n hele aantal magsbasisse te bou deur die gebruik van verskeie beïnvloedingstegnieke. Die studie bespreek voorts die ewolusie van projekbestuur en die konsep van organisasie-kultuur, respektiewelik. Projekbestuur in die 1960's het geweldig verskil van die projekbestuurspraktyke van vandag. Die hoofrede hiervoor is dat moderne organisasies projekbestuur as 'n strategiese middel gebruik om navorsing-en-ontwikkelingstyd te verminder en beter diens aan kliënte te lewer. Daar word gesien dat matriksbestuur algemeen in moderne projekbestuur gebruik word en dat die kultuur van 'n organisasie 'n belangrike faktor is om in ag te neem wanneer organisasies projekbestuur implementeer. Die voorlaaste hoofstuk beskryf die gesagsverhoudings wat betrekking het op projekbestuur en hoe organisasie-politiek 'n sleutelrol in projekbestuur speel. Daar word getoon dat politiek 'n onvermydelik deel van projekbestuur is en dat projekbestuurders bedrewe politieke spelers moet wees om die gesagsgaping te oorbrug. Die finale hoofstuk bevat die gevolgtrekkings en voorstelle van die studie. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking wat bereik is, is dat daar steeds 'n gesagsgaping in huidige projekbestuurspraktyke bestaan en dat menslike verhoudings en die politiek van 'n organisasie dus 'n hoofrol in projekbestuur speel. Projekbestuurders moet die politieke spel slim kan speel en verskeie vorms van gesag ontwikkel om die sukses van 'n projek te verseker. 'n Reeks aanbevelinge word gegee aan organisasies asook projekbestuurders wat sal help om die gesagsgaping te verminder. Daar word ook aanbeveel dat meer navorsing gedoen word om die gesagsgaping prakties te definieer.

Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the complex phenomenon of leadership at the apex of democratically elected local authority in England. It makes sense of the social construction of leadership as perceived and enacted by senior appointed officers (hereinafter officers), elected members (hereinafter members) and key stakeholders – the voices from the apex and their understandings and interpretations. Design/methodology/approach: The thesis examines leadership literature through the paradigm of constructivism-interpretivism, making sense of transcripts of the semi-structured interviews with officers, members and stakeholders engaged in local authority work. Dominant/mainstream theories of leadership offer limited help to understanding the relational, processual constructions of leadership and is critiqued. One way forward is to rethink conceptualisation of leadership in terms of the empirical evidence through interviews. This research has explored how leadership is situated, shared and occasioned, processed and deployed as narratives between officers and members. Findings: The constructivist-interpretivist findings of the research challenges the dominant essentialist hegemony of existing leadership theories, where heroic leaders and their skills and competencies can be replaced by less individualistic and more critical constructs through the four lenses which draw together in the fractal of leadership. This moving, forming and reforming, dynamic model highlights: i) the context in which leadership is situated and performs, ii) the shared and relational nature of leadership in interactions and continuous happenings, and the web of roles and relationships between powerful actors, which are perpetually evolving and contextualising, iii) the doing of leadership with its focus on interactive processes and practices, and iv) the narratives of leadership including the language games, the rhetoric, the metaphors and symbols which can challenge as well as reinforce the existing patterns of leadership as they emerge and mould and are moulded in diverse patterns. Research limitations/implications: Though the findings themselves cannot always be generalised to other contexts, the four frames of the fractal provide theoretical perspectives for studying leadership in other contexts. Originality/value: By challenging the dominating mainstream and public leadership theories, the four theme leadership framework allows for the incorporation of dynamic lenses to study the complex social phenomena of leadership. The analogy with a kaleidoscopic fractal enables a rich understanding of leadership rooted in a specific context yet with endless possibilities of leadership built from the permutations and combinations of the four themes. This thesis makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the questions of the how, why and what of organisational leadership, both in a broad sense and in the specific context of the public sector and local authority in particular.

This thesis claims that if law has a distinctive and genuine normative force, then it is thanks to the fact that law’s authority originates from a particular institutional layout that allows for a division of moral labour between legislation and adjudication. After establishing what the moral dimension of authority is a matter of, and how law’s normative force can be justified by reference to it, this thesis defends a comprehensive-moral account of law’s authority. In this respect, the thesis argues that the moral dimension of law’s authority can be highlighted well if we consider it as emerging through a morally meaningful institutional distinction between legislation and adjudication: the institutional profile of legislative authority and that of adjudicative authority differ from each other, in that each can be said to be underlain by its own evaluative standards. On the one hand, the particularity of legislative authority is a matter of its community-driven, forward-looking character and of its consensual structure; as well as of the declaratory nature and the agent-relative status of reasons issued by legislative provisions. On the other hand, adjudicative authority is distinctive because it has a litigant-driven, remedial character and employs an adversarial structure so that it accomplishes its impartial investigatory task through the issuance of agent-neutral reasons. So understood, the institutional profile of legislative authority is considered to be morally meaningful in the sense that it incorporates a rule-consequentialist and value-pluralist rationale; while that of adjudicative authority is taken to owe its own moral meaningfulness to the fact that it fosters reciprocity between litigants.

In order to understand Islamic legal theory it is important that we study it in the light of the practice which preceded its formation. By studying the relation between the later theory and the practice during the early period of. Islam we will be able to determine the influences on this. theory in its background and development. The present thesis is an attempt to answer a question about this relation between the legal theory and the-preceding practice in one branch of the legal theory. This branch is the Islamic legal theory of the administration of justice al-Qada. The question posed in the thesis is this: Did the theory of the administration in the second and third centuries A. H. express the natural historical development of the Islamic practice of this institution from the time of its introduction until the end of the Umayyad period (when Islamic institutions began to be analysed and discussed) or, on the other hand did Muslim scholars construct the theory in opposition to the actual practice, thereby avoiding any influence from that practice,