The distribution system is the downstream of a power system, which is used to provide high reliability and quality electricity service for customers. Because of the wide area with voluminous facilities, involves in a distribution system, the preventive maintenance of distribution system components is important for the distribution system. For a fault contingency, the utility company has to identify the fault location to isolate the fault and to restore the electricity service for the un-faulted but outage area as soon as possible to enhance the service reliability. With the advancement of compute technology, the distribution automatic system (DAS) has been applied to solve the fault contingency problem by integrating the geographic information system (GIS) real time database (RTDB) relational database with master station and communication systems for the monitor and control of distribution systems. To achieve the function of fault detection, isolation and restoration (FDIR) of distribution automatic system, the FDIR software has been developed with C++ platform. By retrieving the distribution system components in GIS, the Topology processor is applied to identify the connectivity of distribution network. When a fault occurs, the fault flags will be generated and retrieved from the field feeder terminal unit (FTU) according to the states of fault flag and network configuration, therefore the fault location is identified very quickly. After isolate the faulted section, the feeder circuit breaker is closed to restore the upstream service. Based on the loading levels of supporting feeders, the downstream restoration is therefore obtained by closing the normal open switch, besides the application software can also be used to derive the optimal switching operation for loading balance of distribution feeders to enhance the operation efficiency of distribution systems.

Orientador: Odivaldo José Seraphim / Banca: Ivo Reis Fontes / Banca: José Ângelo Cagnon / Banca: João Alberto Borges de Araújo / Banca: Frederico Guilherme de Paula Ferreira Ielo / Resumo: A utilização de sistemas energéticos alternativos, nos dias atuais, é uma necessidade de caráter urgente devido aos problemas que o planeta vem enfrentando como o aquecimento global, efeito estufa e a perda da camada de ozônio. A limitação das fontes de energias convencionais é outro problema que terá de ser equacionado para o futuro da humanidade; deve-se considerar que as pessoas estão habitando, cada vez mais, locais afastados e desprovidos de infra-estrutura energética. Aplicando-se tecnologias como as de automação e controle podemos solucionar esse problema; portanto, o trabalho visou a aplicação de um equipamento de uso industrial, o Controlador Lógico Programável, em sistemas de energia renováveis, notadamente o sistema de geração eólica e a geração fotovoltaica, usados para bombeamento de água, objetivando-se um controle automático e mais eficiente nos locais onde haja disponibilidade simultânea dessas fontes, baseados em critério de prioridade pré-estabelecido. Fez-se, também, uma avaliação do potencial hidráulico e energético dos sistemas de energia fotovoltaico e eólico utilizados no sistema automático de bombeamento de água no local de realização do experimento para as condições físicas pré-estabelecidas. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de controle utilizando o CLP é viável, possui confiabilidade e o programa desenvolvido em linguagem Ladder pode ser adaptado para a utilização com várias fontes de energia disponíveis em um determinado local. 2 O sistema fotovoltaico de bombeamento direto, que utilizou um painel solar policristalino de 70 Watts ligado a uma bomba Shurflo 8000, mostrou-se eficiente com vazões significativas em quase todos os meses. O sistema eólico de bombeamento indireto, utilizando um mini aerogerador de 400 Watts alimentando uma bateria ligada à bomba Shurflo, não demonstrou capacidade energética suficiente para utilização nesse tipo específico de aplicação. / Abstract: The use of alternative energy systems in the current days is an urgent necessity due to the problems that the planet is facing as the heating and loss of ozone layer. The scarcity of conventional energy is another problem that must be solved for the future of humanity. It must be considered that the people are inhabiting places moved away not always with available energy. The application of technologies as automation and control can help us to solve this problem. Therefore, this work aimed at apply an equipment of industrial usage, the Programmable Logical Controller, PLC, in alternative energies systems, as eolic generation and fotovoltaic generation used for water pumping, aiming the automatic control and the efficiency in the places where it has simultaneous availability of these sources, based in criterion of priority that previously established itself between them. It was made a hydraulic and energetic evaluation of the energy system, eolic and fotovoltaic, used in the automatic control system of pumping, in the place of accomplishment of the experiment, according to previously established physical conditions. The results have shown that the control system using the PLC is practicable and has trustworthiness. The program developed can be adapted for the use with several power plants in a specific application place. The fotovoltaic system of pumping, using a polycrystalline of 70 Watts connected to a pump Shurflo 8000, showed to be efficient with significant flows in almost all the months. The eolic system of pumping, using an eolic generator of 400 Watts assembled in place of experiment, did not demonstrate energetic capacity for use in this specific type of application. / Doutor

Soaking is an important unit operation during the processing of seeds used for direct consumption. The change in seed volume over time during soaking (volume kinetics) relates to water uptake and the quality of final product, and affects the design of the entire processing operation. Since volume determination is labor-intensive and time consuming, volume kinetics is usually not well monitored throughout seed hydration. The first chapter of this thesis is a review on the importance of soaking and volume kinetics monitoring during seed processing, the factors affecting hydration in seeds, current volume measurement methods and models used to determine and describe the change in volume over time in seeds during soaking. The second chapter describes the design, construction and evaluation of a bean volumetric auto tester (B-VAT) for volume kinetics determination of seeds during soaking. Evaluation tests suggested the system can generate reliable, reproducible, and detailed volume kinetics results for seeds soaking at different conditions with limited labor requirements. In the third chapter, the volume kinetics of 6 pinto, 5 navy and 3 black bean cultivars were tested during soaking at 25 ºC and 55 ºC. Significant differences were observed among varieties and cultivars at both temperatures (p<0.01). As temperature increased, the hydration efficiency were enhanced for all cultivars, but with various degree. In the fourth chapter, we tested the hypothesis that a thin hydrophobic layer on the seed coat was responsible of the extended initial lag phase observed during the soaking of pinto beans. Hexane pre-treatment before soaking were used for all cultivars and contact angle measurement were done to determine the surface hydrophobicity of the beans. Good correlations were found between surface hydrophobicity and hydration efficiency of beans. Hexane effectively reduced the hydrophobicity of bean surface and improved the hydration efficiency of pinto beans. The fifth chapter covers the overall conclusion of this study and states recommendations of future work regarding the improvement of the developed system and further exploration of the bean hydration process.

Soaking is an important unit operation during the processing of seeds used for direct consumption. The change in seed volume over time during soaking (volume kinetics) relates to water uptake and the quality of final product, and affects the design of the entire processing operation. Since volume determination is labor-intensive and time consuming, volume kinetics is usually not well monitored throughout seed hydration. The first chapter of this thesis is a review on the importance of soaking and volume kinetics monitoring during seed processing, the factors affecting hydration in seeds, current volume measurement methods and models used to determine and describe the change in volume over time in seeds during soaking. The second chapter describes the design, construction and evaluation of a bean volumetric auto tester (B-VAT) for volume kinetics determination of seeds during soaking. Evaluation tests suggested the system can generate reliable, reproducible, and detailed volume kinetics results for seeds soaking at different conditions with limited labor requirements. In the third chapter, the volume kinetics of 6 pinto, 5 navy and 3 black bean cultivars were tested during soaking at 25 ºC and 55 ºC. Significant differences were observed among varieties and cultivars at both temperatures (p<0.01). As temperature increased, the hydration efficiency were enhanced for all cultivars, but with various degree. In the fourth chapter, we tested the hypothesis that a thin hydrophobic layer on the seed coat was responsible of the extended initial lag phase observed during the soaking of pinto beans. Hexane pre-treatment before soaking were used for all cultivars and contact angle measurement were done to determine the surface hydrophobicity of the beans. Good correlations were found between surface hydrophobicity and hydration efficiency of beans. Hexane effectively reduced the hydrophobicity of bean surface and improved the hydration efficiency of pinto beans. The fifth chapter covers the overall conclusion of this study and states recommendations of future work regarding the improvement of the developed system and further exploration of the bean hydration process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 presenco_jf_dr_botfca.pdf: 2010686 bytes, checksum: 800d3e713d59af56250163ad2995fcb2 (MD5) / A utilização de sistemas energéticos alternativos, nos dias atuais, é uma necessidade de caráter urgente devido aos problemas que o planeta vem enfrentando como o aquecimento global, efeito estufa e a perda da camada de ozônio. A limitação das fontes de energias convencionais é outro problema que terá de ser equacionado para o futuro da humanidade; deve-se considerar que as pessoas estão habitando, cada vez mais, locais afastados e desprovidos de infra-estrutura energética. Aplicando-se tecnologias como as de automação e controle podemos solucionar esse problema; portanto, o trabalho visou a aplicação de um equipamento de uso industrial, o Controlador Lógico Programável, em sistemas de energia renováveis, notadamente o sistema de geração eólica e a geração fotovoltaica, usados para bombeamento de água, objetivando-se um controle automático e mais eficiente nos locais onde haja disponibilidade simultânea dessas fontes, baseados em critério de prioridade pré-estabelecido. Fez-se, também, uma avaliação do potencial hidráulico e energético dos sistemas de energia fotovoltaico e eólico utilizados no sistema automático de bombeamento de água no local de realização do experimento para as condições físicas pré-estabelecidas. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de controle utilizando o CLP é viável, possui confiabilidade e o programa desenvolvido em linguagem Ladder pode ser adaptado para a utilização com várias fontes de energia disponíveis em um determinado local. 2 O sistema fotovoltaico de bombeamento direto, que utilizou um painel solar policristalino de 70 Watts ligado a uma bomba Shurflo 8000, mostrou-se eficiente com vazões significativas em quase todos os meses. O sistema eólico de bombeamento indireto, utilizando um mini aerogerador de 400 Watts alimentando uma bateria ligada à bomba Shurflo, não demonstrou capacidade energética suficiente para utilização nesse tipo específico de aplicação. / The use of alternative energy systems in the current days is an urgent necessity due to the problems that the planet is facing as the heating and loss of ozone layer. The scarcity of conventional energy is another problem that must be solved for the future of humanity. It must be considered that the people are inhabiting places moved away not always with available energy. The application of technologies as automation and control can help us to solve this problem. Therefore, this work aimed at apply an equipment of industrial usage, the Programmable Logical Controller, PLC, in alternative energies systems, as eolic generation and fotovoltaic generation used for water pumping, aiming the automatic control and the efficiency in the places where it has simultaneous availability of these sources, based in criterion of priority that previously established itself between them. It was made a hydraulic and energetic evaluation of the energy system, eolic and fotovoltaic, used in the automatic control system of pumping, in the place of accomplishment of the experiment, according to previously established physical conditions. The results have shown that the control system using the PLC is practicable and has trustworthiness. The program developed can be adapted for the use with several power plants in a specific application place. The fotovoltaic system of pumping, using a polycrystalline of 70 Watts connected to a pump Shurflo 8000, showed to be efficient with significant flows in almost all the months. The eolic system of pumping, using an eolic generator of 400 Watts assembled in place of experiment, did not demonstrate energetic capacity for use in this specific type of application.

Over the years, the Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Computer Systems (AIICS) Division at Linköping University has developed a high-level architecture for collaborative robotic systems that includes a delegation system capable of defining complex missions to be executed by a team of agents. This architecture has been used as a part of a research arena for developing and improving public safety and security using ground, aerial, surfaceand underwater robotic systems. Recently, the division decided to purchase a Boston Dynamics Spot robot to further progress into the public safety and security research area.The robot has a robotic arm and navigation functionalities such as map building, motion planning, and obstacle avoidance. This thesis investigates how the Boston Dynamics Spot robot can be integrated into the high-level architecture for collaborative robotic systems from the AIICS division. Additionally, how the robot’s functionalities can be extended so that it is capable of determining which actions it should take to achieve high-level behavioursconsidering its capabilities and current state. In this context, higher-level behaviours include picking up and delivering first aid supplies, which can be beneficial in specific emergency situations. The study was divided and done in an iterative approach.The system was tested in various scenarios that represent its intended future use. The result demonstrated the robot’s ability to plan and accomplish the desired high-level behaviours. However, there were instances when achieving the desired behaviours proved challenging due to various limiting factors, including limitations posed by the robot’s internal controller.

Multi-spectral images have the advantage of providing complementary information to resolve some ambiguities. But, the challenge is how to make use of the multi-spectral images effectively. In this thesis, our study focuses on the fusion of multi-spectral images by extracting the most useful features to obtain the best segmentation with the least cost in time. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification integrated with a selection of the features in a kernel space is proposed. The selection criterion is defined by the kernel class separability. Based on this SVM classification, a framework to follow up brain tumor evolution is proposed, which consists of the following steps: to learn the brain tumors and select the features from the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the patients; to automatically segment the tumor in new data using a multi-kernel SVM based classification; to refine the tumor contour by a region growing technique; and to possibly carry out an adaptive training. The proposed system was tested on 13 patients with 24 examinations, including 72 MRI sequences and 1728 images. Compared with the manual traces of the doctors as the ground truth, the average classification accuracy reaches 98.9%. The system utilizes several novel feature selection methods to test the integration of feature selection and SVM classifiers. Also compared with the traditional SVM, Fuzzy C-means, the neural network and an improved level set method, the segmentation results and quantitative data analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta um modelo de especificação, textual e grafico, para sistemas transacionais em banco de dados (ER/T+) e, também, um modelo de implementação desta especificação. Sugere uma técnica de proceduralização de especificações declarativas, usando um grafo de dependencia de fluxos de dados para estabelecer a relação de precedecia entre os fluxos do diagrama da linguagem gráfica de especificação. Apresenta, também, os mecanismos de execução da linguagem de especificação proposta e as regras de mapeamento da linguagem de especificação, em seus aspectos estruturais (dados) e comportamentais (transações), para correspondentes construções na linguagem de implementação (C e SQL). Adicionalmente, são discutidos aspectos de otimização de consultas no âmbito da linguagem de especificação de transações e, também, aspectos de aninhamento de consultas para combinar diversos fluxos do diagrama ER/T+ em expressões complexas de consultas SQL. / This Ph.D thesis presents a graphic and textual specification model for database transactions systems (ER/T+) and, also, an implementation model for this specification. Suggest a proceduralization technique for declarative specifications using a data flow dependency graph to establish a precedence relation between the diagram flows of the graphics specification language. Furthermore it presents the execution mechanism of the proposal specification language and the behavioral and structural rules for mapping the specification language into corresponding implementation language (C and SQL) constructions. Additionaly, are discussed query optimization aspects for transaction specification language and aspects of nested queries to combine various ER/T+ diagram flows into complex SQL query expressions

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-05-20T15:06:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3354479 bytes, checksum: 996d07df4c09abbfebfb68b78cde4ed6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T15:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3354479 bytes, checksum: 996d07df4c09abbfebfb68b78cde4ed6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil derivative mostly comprised of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane), which has great energy importance for modern society. Considering the growing demand for CNG, it is also necessary to an effective control of the composition of the majority gases, which are mainly responsible for the energy efficiency of this fuel. The composition of these gases in CNG follows a certain pattern of conformity (control group) established by the ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels), to ensure the energy efficiency of CNG sold in Brazil. This work proposes the development of a methodology for automatic preparation of gas mixtures of methane standards, ethane and propane, in order to chromatographic determination of these gases levels in CNG, employing elaborate calibration models and validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and test recovery. The automatic system is of the dynamic type and is fully controlled by a program in order to prepare, as programmed by the user, binary mixtures of nitrogen / methane / nitrogen and nitrogen ethane / propane at levels (at fraction mol / mol) ranging in order to obtain good calibration models that consider the concentrations of these gases in the CNG. The evaluation methodology using ANOVA was quite satisfactory, the models built for the three gases methane, ethane and propane showed a high correlation (R2> 0.99) and significant in the regression, and showed no lack of fit and systematic variation at the residual plot. The performance parameters obtained from built models had lower detection and quantification limits 10-2 to 10-1, the analytical frequency was 4 samples per hour. A recovery study , involving three gas mixtures of certified composition and Natural Gas sample Vehicle (NGV) was also performed and the percentage values mean were 99.7 ± 3.1; 100.7 ± 4.4 and 98.0 ± 5.8 for methane, ethane and propane, respectively. The conclusion is based on the recovery values, as well as ANOVA, the proposed method was validated, with satisfactory precision and accuracy. / O gás natural veicular (GNV) é um derivado fóssil composto majoritariamente por hidrocarbonetos leves (metano, etano e propano), que tem grande importância energética para a sociedade moderna. Considerando a crescente demanda de GNV, se faz necessário, também, um efetivo controle da composição destes gases majoritários, que são os principais responsáveis pela eficiência energética deste combustível. A composição destes gases em GNV segue um determinado padrão de conformidade (faixa de controle) estabelecido pela ANP (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis), de modo a garantir a eficiência energética do GNV comercializado no Brasil. Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para preparação automática de misturas gasosas padrões de metano, etano e propano, visando à determinação cromatográfica dos teores destes gases em GNV, empregando modelos de calibração elaborados e validados por análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de recuperação. O sistema automático é do tipo dinâmico e é totalmente controlado por um programa de modo a preparar, conforme programado pelo usuário, misturas binárias de nitrogênio/metano, de nitrogênio/etano e de nitrogênio/propano, com teores (em fração mol/mol) que variam de modo a se obter bons modelos de calibração que contemplem as concentrações desses gases no GNV. A avaliação da metodologia por meio da ANOVA foi bastante satisfatória, os modelos construídos para os três gases metano, etano e propano apresentaram uma alta correlação (R2 > 0,99) e significância na regressão, e não demonstraram falta de ajuste e variação sistemática no gráfico dos resíduos. Os parâmetros de desempenho obtidos a partir dos modelos construídos tiveram limites de detecção menores que 10-2 e de quantificação menores que 10-1, a frequência de amostragem foi 4 amostras por hora. Um estudo de recuperação, envolvendo três misturas gasosas de composição certificada e uma amostra de Gás Natural Veicular (GNV), foi também realizado e os valores médios percentuais obtidos foram de 99,7 ± 3,1; 100,7 ± 4,4 e 98,0 ± 5,8 para o metano, etano e propano, respectivamente. Conclui-se com base nos valores de recuperação, bem como na ANOVA, que o método proposto foi devidamente validado, apresentando uma satisfatória precisão e exatidão.

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta um modelo de especificação, textual e grafico, para sistemas transacionais em banco de dados (ER/T+) e, também, um modelo de implementação desta especificação. Sugere uma técnica de proceduralização de especificações declarativas, usando um grafo de dependencia de fluxos de dados para estabelecer a relação de precedecia entre os fluxos do diagrama da linguagem gráfica de especificação. Apresenta, também, os mecanismos de execução da linguagem de especificação proposta e as regras de mapeamento da linguagem de especificação, em seus aspectos estruturais (dados) e comportamentais (transações), para correspondentes construções na linguagem de implementação (C e SQL). Adicionalmente, são discutidos aspectos de otimização de consultas no âmbito da linguagem de especificação de transações e, também, aspectos de aninhamento de consultas para combinar diversos fluxos do diagrama ER/T+ em expressões complexas de consultas SQL. / This Ph.D thesis presents a graphic and textual specification model for database transactions systems (ER/T+) and, also, an implementation model for this specification. Suggest a proceduralization technique for declarative specifications using a data flow dependency graph to establish a precedence relation between the diagram flows of the graphics specification language. Furthermore it presents the execution mechanism of the proposal specification language and the behavioral and structural rules for mapping the specification language into corresponding implementation language (C and SQL) constructions. Additionaly, are discussed query optimization aspects for transaction specification language and aspects of nested queries to combine various ER/T+ diagram flows into complex SQL query expressions