Research on entrepreneurial motivation of university scientists is often determined by quantitative methods without taking into account context-related influences. According to different studies, entrepreneurial scientists found a spin-off company due to motives like independency, market opportunity, money or risk of unemployment (short-term contracts). To give a comprehensive explanation, it is important to use a qualitative research view that considers academic rank, norms and values of university scientists. The author spoke with 35 natural scientists and asked professors and research fellows for their entrepreneurial motivation. The results of this study are used to develop a typology of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial scientists within German universities. This paper presents the key findings of the study (Sass 2011).

<p>Activation of Wnt signaling pathways is critical to a variety of developmental events across all animal taxa. These highly evolutionarily conserved pathways are also important in the adult organism for maintaining homeostasis of self-renewing tissues. Because of its role in such important physiological processes, deregulation of Wnt signaling can have severe consequences; indeed, inappropriate activation of this pathway has been implicated in multiple human diseases, including cancer.</p><p>Upon binding their cellular receptors, canonical Wnt ligands, like Wnt 3A, stimulate the stabilization, accumulation, and nuclear translocation of a multifunctional cellular protein &#946;catenin, the consequence of which is induction of &#946;catenin-dependent transcription. This work describes the identification and characterization of two Wnt3A-stimulated intracellular signaling pathways activated in parallel to &#946;catenin stabilization: the RhoA pathway and the ERK pathway. These two auxiliary pathways do not affect &#946;catenin stability, accumulation, or subcellular localization; rather, they modulate &#946;catenin -dependent transcriptional activity through other mechanisms. As a result of their influence on &#946;catenin-dependent transcription, these pathways instruct cell fate decisions in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, in particular inhibition of adipogenesis and promotion of osteoblastogenesis.</p><p>Expression microarray analysis and biochemical and pharmacological techniques were used to further characterize the two Wnt3A-stimulated auxiliary pathways in C3H10T1/2 cells. Remarkably, each pathway influences &#946;catenin function via a novel mechanism. In the Wnt3A/RhoA pathway, Wnt3A-stimulated trimeric G proteins activate a RhoA-ROCK-SRF cascade. Activated SRF can cooperate with &#946;catenin to enhance the induction of Wnt3A target genes, like Ctgf, that also contain SRF binding sites within regulatory elements. In the Wnt3A/ERK pathway, Wnt3A transactivates the EGFR in a concentration-dependent manner, leading ultimately to ERK activation, which interacts with and promotes &#946;catenin/Tcf4 interaction and enhances induction of &#946;catenin/Tcf4 target genes. </p><p>These data emphasize the complexity of Wnt signaling and have intriguing implications regarding cross-regulation of the pathway, especially in stem cells. Also, since not all cells are capable of responding to Wnt3A by activation of these auxiliary pathways, this work identifies novel mechanisms that could underlie cell type-specific responses to Wnts and provides mechanistic insight into cellular responses to Wnt concentration gradients. Moreover, this work identifies novel transcriptional mechanisms important for promoting osteogenic cell fate specification, which could ultimately provide new therapeutic targets in disease states with bone loss or ineffective bone formation.</p> / Dissertation

Master of Dental Surgery / At the present time in Australia (1992) there exists no undergraduate training for dental students in auxiliary utilisation. The result of this is that new dental graduates have no understanding of the concept of practicing sit-down four-handed dentistry in a comfortable and efficient manner. This compares with the United States of America (USA) where, since 1961, every dental student receives formal instruction in Dental Assistant Utilisation (DAU) and, since 1973, Training in Expanded Auxiliary Management. In this treatise the history and development of “four-handed dentistry” is presented along with a literature review of the fundamental principles of DAU. The intial pilot programmes and the subsequent federally funded national DAU programme in the USA are analysed. Four undergraduate DAU programmes from the USA and the current graduate continuing education DAU programme at Westmead Hospital Dental Clinical School are examined. Finally, guidelines for the establishment and operation of a DAU programme are outlined. The aim of this treatise therefore, is to provide the necessary information for a thorough understanding of the fundamentals and philosophy of Dental Assistant Utilisation. This information is presented in the hope that at some stage in the future training in assistant utilisation would become an integral and important part of the undergraduate dental curriculum in Australia. The purpose of this would be to fill a major void that currently exists in the undergraduate training of dental students in auxiliary utilisation.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Lee Knefelkamp. Dissertation Committee: Harvey Kaye. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 384-407).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Loyola University of Chicago, 1997. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Loyola University of Chicago, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Nesta tese investiga-se uma nova abordagem visando implementar os conceitos propostos na Teoria da Evidencia para fins de classificação de imagens digitais em Sensoriamento Remoto. Propõe-se aqui a utilização de variáveis auxiliares, estruturadas na forma de Planos de Informação (P.I.s) como em um SIG para gerar dados de confiança e de plausibilidade. São então aplicados limiares aos dados de confiança e de plausibilidade, com a finalidade de detectar erros de inclusão e de omissão, respectivamente, na imagem temática. Propõe-se nesta tese que estes dois limiares sejam estimados em função das acurácias do usuário e do produtor. A metodologia proposta nesta tese foi testada em uma área teste, coberta pela classe Mata Nativa com Araucária. O experimento mostrou que a metodologia aqui proposta atinge seus objetivos. / In this thesis we investigate a new approach to implement concepts developed by the Theory of Evidence to Remote Sensing digital image classification. In the proposed approach auxiliary variables are structured as layers in a GIS-like format to produce layers of belief and plausibility. Thresholds are applied to the layers of belief and plausibility to detect errors of commission and omission, respectively on the thematic image. The thresholds are estimated as functions of the user’s and producer’s accuracy. Preliminary tests were performed over an area covered by natural forest with Araucaria, showing some promising results.

Este trabalho contém um estudo experimental para a obtenção e a validação de um combustível à base de água, obtido através da eletrolise desta e denominado de HHO (Gás de Brown), a ser utilizado como auxiliar na queima de hidrocarbonetos dos demais combustíveis fósseis e de fontes renováveis como o álcool hidratado (etanol). Para a realização deste trabalho foi utilizado um eletrolisador composto por placas de aço inox 316L e eletrólito à base de hidróxido de potássio, conjunto este de eletrólito em sua concentração ideal, material de construção do eletrolisador determinado através de estudo prévio em bibliografia. Posto o sistema em funcionamento, realizado a análise exergética da composição e do gás gerado, onde se verificou a existência de energia disponível para gerar trabalho útil e que o maior desperdício se encontrava na potência elétrica utilizada para a produção do gás. Após esta validação o gás foi submetido a testes em dinamômetro de desempenho e emissões com motores de combustão interna com deslocamento de 1,6 litros, porém com configurações diferentes de alimentação. Para que os dados refletissem a utilização de maior demanda de combustível, como no trânsito urbano, foram escolhidas as rotações de 1500rpm, 2500rpm e 3500rpm, com aberturas de borboleta em dois estágios, total 100% e abertura parcial a 40%. As variáveis controladas foram a potência, o torque, o consumo instantâneo de combustível, o fator lambda (λ) e a emissão dos gases CO, CO2 e HC. Em ambos os testes, aberturas total e parcial, com suas respectivas particularidades de no sistema de alimentação, foram apresentadas tendências de melhora em desempenho e reduções de emissões, devido aos valores obtidos estarem dentro das incertezas de medição no caso do sistema de alimentação por carburador e combustível principal o álcool hidratado, contudo no caso do sistema de alimentação por injeção eletrônica programável à gasolina comercial, com injeção de gás individualizada os resultados apresentados ficaram moderadamente acima das incertezas de medição. Entretanto, o sistema utilizado no experimento com gasolina + HHO e injeção programável, apresentou uma redução de emissões de CO em 26,4% (abertura parcial) e 18,6% (abertura total), reduzindo as emissões de HC em 16% (abertura parcial) e 14,5% (abertura total) e, por sua vez, o consumo de combustível reduziu em 29,6%. / This work contains an experimental study to obtain and validate a water-based fuel obtained through the electrolysis of this one and denominated HHO (Brown Gas), to be used as an auxiliary in the hydrocarbon burning of other fossil fuels and renewable sources such as hydrated alcohol (ethanol). For this work, an electrolyzer composed of 316L stainless steel plates and electrolyte based on potassium hydroxide was used, this electrolyte assembly in its ideal concentration, electrolyte construction material determined through a previous bibliography study. After the system was in operation, the exergy analysis of the composition and generated gas was performed, where the existence of available energy to generate useful work was verified and that the greatest waste was in the electric power used for the production. After this validation the gas was submitted to dynamometer tests of performance and emissions with engines of internal combustion with displacement of 1.6 liters, but with different feeding configurations. For the data to reflect the use of higher fuel demand, such as in urban traffic, the revolutions of 1500rpm, 2500rpm and 3500rpm were chosen, with twostage butterfly apertures, total 100% and partial opening at 40%. The variables controlled were power, torque, instantaneous fuel consumption, lambda factor (λ) and emission of CO, CO2 and HC gases. In both tests, total and partial openings, with their respective peculiarities of the feed system, presented trends of improvement in performance and emission reductions, due to the values obtained being within the uncertainties of measurement in the case of the carburetor feed system and the main fuel is the hydrated alcohol, however in the case of the commercial gasoline programmable electronic fuel injection system with individualized gas injection the presented results were moderately above the measurement uncertainties. However, the system used in the experiment with gasoline + HHO and programmable injection showed a reduction of CO emissions by 26.4% (partial opening) and 18.6% (total opening), reducing HC emissions by 16% ( partial opening) and 14.5% (total opening) and, in turn, fuel consumption decreased by 29.6%.

This thesis provides a general descriptive account of the morpho-syntactic expression of negation in fifteen Modern Arabic varieties and investigates three of these varieties in more depth. The thesis contributes to the typological literature on negation through a survey of the negation patterns in a number of related and geographically close varieties. It sheds light on the most influential factors that unify the negation patterns found in these varieties, which are predicate type and form. It is found that the type of the predicate, such as verbal and nonverbal predicates, as well as the form of the verbal predicate, such as active participle as opposed to other verbal forms, play an essential role in determining the negation markers used. In addition, this thesis gives a comprehensive account of a number of negative elements in Libyan Arabic, namely the negative auxiliary, negative particle mʕəš, and miš as a metalinguistic marker, and establishes the morpho-syntactic properties and pragmatic functions of these elements. It concludes that the negative auxiliary is used for a specific pragmatic function, which is to deny assumed background information. It also finds that even though miš is not a negation marker exclusive for metalinguistic negation, it is a special metalinguistic marker that signals the metalinguistic reading of verbal sentences.

132f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-23T17:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T12:09:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T12:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A ação dos instrumentos nas paredes do canal radicular proporciona a formação da camada residual, que é um extrato de matéria orgânica e inorgânica, de aparência amorfa, superfície irregular e granulosa que é depositada na superfície dentinária a medida que vai se formando, e quando não é removida pode interferir no selamento almejado na etapa da obturação. Algumas substâncias químicas com diferentes composições e variadas concentrações são utilizadas isoladas ou em associações para remover esta camada residual. O presente estudo buscou analisar in vitro, através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, a eficácia na remoção da camada residual, de diferentes formulações de Endo PTC quando associadas a diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio, utilizando ou não, irrigação final com EDTA. Para tanto, foram utilizados oitenta dentes unirradiculares humanos recém-extraídos, divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos de dez dentes cada e distribuídos de acordo com as substâncias utilizadas na instrumentação, da seguinte maneira: Grupo I – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme, associado ao hipoclorito sódio a 1%; Grupo II – preparo do canal como Endo PTC creme, associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%; Grupo III – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e irrigação final com EDTA a 17%; Grupo IV – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5 e irrigação final com EDTA a 17%. Nos Grupos V, VI, VII e VIII foram utilizadas as mesmas substâncias dos grupos I, II, III e IV respectivamente, substituindo o Endo PTC creme pelo Endo PTC Leve. Os resultados mostraram que: a irrigação final com EDTA promove uma melhor remoção da camada residual, independente da concentração do hipoclorito de sódio e da formulação do Endo PTC; de um modo geral as formulações do Endo PTC não apresentam diferenças estatisticamente significantes na remoção da camada residual independente da concentração do hipoclorito de sódio; a concentração do hipoclorito de sódio associado ao Endo PTC creme, não interfere estatisticamente na remoção da camada residual; a concentração do Hipoclorito de sódio associado ao Endo PTC Leve apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante quando foi feita a irrigação final com EDTA, sendo que a 2,5 % apresentou melhores resultados; no terço apical quando foi utilizado hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e foi feita irrigação final com EDTA, a remoção da camada residual foi estatisticamente inferior ao terço cervical independente da formulação do Endo PTC. / Salvador