Magister Artium (Human Ecology) - MA(HE) / A theory-based evaluation has been conducted with an improvement-orientated purpose on the Social Auxiliary Worker (SAW) Training Programme for an accredited provider to improve and continue to implement their own SAW Training Programmes. Theory-driven evaluations are essential for distinguishing between the validity of programme implementation and the validity of programme theory. Addressing the social needs of communities through social development and transformation is a top priority for the South African Government. South Africa faces a shortage of Social Work Practitioners (SWPs) due to emigration, as well as insufficient numbers of university graduates. This shortage has left the current SWPs with severe workload pressures. The South African Department of Social Development (DSD) initiated, in 2004, the training of Social Auxiliary Workers (SAWs) to serve as assistants to the SWPs. The SAW qualification initiative has been developed as a course accredited with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) at the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) level 4. Providers of SAW training courses are accredited by the Health and Welfare Sectoral Education and Training Authority (HWSETA) and by the South African Council for Social Services Professions (SACSSP). The empirical part of the study was conducted in two stages. The first stage consisted of a clarificatory evaluation, wherein a step-by-step logical participatory process was followed for the clarification and development of the programme theory. This process resulted in logic models and a theory-of-change model against which the evaluation questions for the study were developed. These questions assessed the need for the SAW training programme - and for the SAW training programme planning and design. It was found that there was a need for SAW training programmes and that the SAW training programme had been designed to address this need. The second stage consisted of an implementation evaluation. This was done by means of a data matrix using the evaluation aspects for each of the objectives developed during the clarificatory evaluation. Data gathering was done by means of content analysis, focus group workshops and questionnaires. Data interpretations, conclusions and judgements were made with regard to each of the objectives and consolidated in a table format which indicated the outputs and outcomes, implementation results- and a judgement and recommendation for each objective. It was found that a standardised and structured process was followed most of the time, but that the knowledge and skills training elements, particularly in their practical application, left room for improvement. The study illustrates the advantages of a theory-based evaluation that assists with programme planning and modification, knowledge development and the planning of evaluation studies.

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Le genre des Deltaretrovirus est composé des virus de la leucose bovine (BLV) et des virus T-lymphotropes de primates (PTLV-1, -2, -3 et -4) qui regroupent les virus humains T-lymphotropes (HTLV-1, -2, -3 et -4) et les virus simiens apparentés (STLV-1, -2, -3 et -4). Seules les infections par les PTLV-1 et BLV sont associées à des pathologies : une lymphoprolifération maligne appelée ATLL chez l'homme et le singe ou une maladie neurologique appelée HAM/TSP chez l'homme infectés par les PTLV-1 et une lymphoproliferation maligne chez les bovins infectés par BLV. L'infection par HTLV-2 n'est associée qu'à une lymphocytose et le pouvoir pathogène d'HTLV-3 n'est pas caractérisé à ce jour. Les lentivirus, parmi lesquels on trouve les agents étiologiques du SIDA VIH-1 et VIH-2, et les Deltaretrovirus, sont des rétrovirus complexes. Ils codent donc, en plus des protéines structurales et enzymatiques, pour des protéines régulatrices ainsi que pour des protéines auxiliaires qui seront au centre des travaux présentés. Chez HTLV-1 et BLV, les protéines auxiliaires jouent un rôle primordial dans l'infectiosité in vivo. Or ces protéines n'avaient pas encore été décrites chez les PTLV-3. Leur caractérisation composait donc le premier objectif de ces travaux de thèse. Nous avons ainsi identifié les ARN messagers codant 3 nouvelles protéines putatives in vitro. Nous avons étudié les caractéristiques de ces protéines, notamment leur rôle dans le cycle des PTLV-3 in vitro et leur expression in vivo. Dans un second travail, nous avons essayé de comprendre si les différents domaines fonctionnels déjà identifiés dans la protéine Vpx, une protéine auxiliaire de VIH-2 influençaient sa capacité à interagir avec le facteur de restriction cellulaire SAMHD-1. Nous avons voulu déterminer le compartiment cellulaire dans lequel Vpx induisait la dégradation de SAMHD-1 et la cinétique de ce phénomène, qui permet à ce virus de se répliquer dans les lignées myéloïdes. Ces travaux apportent des éléments nouveaux dans la compréhension du rôle des protéines auxiliaires sur la régulation fine du cycle rétroviral et l'échappement au système immunitaire inné / Deltaretroviruses include bovine leukemia viruses (BLV) and primate Tlymphotropic viruses (PTLV-1, -2, -3 and -4) which are composed of human Tlymphotropic (HTLV-1, -2, -3 and -4) and of their simian counterparts (STLV-1, -2, -3 and -4). PTLV-1 and BLV are the only ones associated to pathologies: a lymphoproliferative disorder named ATLL in humans and non human primates and a neurological disorder named HAM/TSP in humans in the case of PTLV-1 and a Bmalignant lymphoproliferation in BLV infected cattle. HTLV-2 has not been associated with any disease so far and the pathogenic potential of HTLV-3 remains unknown. Lentiviruses, including HIV-1 and -2 the AIDS etiological agents, and Deltaretroviruses, are complex retroviruses. Therefore, in addition to structural and enzymatic proteins they encode regulatory proteins and also auxiliary proteins, the main subject of this work. HTLV-1 and BLV auxiliary proteins play key roles in viral infection in vivo. Whether the genome of PTLV-3 encodes such proteins was not determined yet. Therefore their characterization was the first goal of my PhD work. We identified in vitro messenger RNAs encoding 3 new putative proteins. Their impact on the PTLV-3 viral life cycle in vitro and their expression in vivo were then investigated. As a second part of this work, we examined the relationship existing between the Vpx HIV-2 auxiliary protein and its ability to interact with a restriction factor named SAMHD-1. Vpx induces SAMHD-1 degradation and the kinetic of such degradation allows the virus to replicate in myeloid cells. Altogether, these projects provide new insights into the understanding of the roles played by retroviral auxiliary proteins in connection with a tight regulation of viral life cycle and an escape from innate immunity

This thesis explores the connection between linguistic theory, as embodied in a version of the Government - Binding (GB) model of syntax, and the parameter-setting theory of language acquisition. In Chapter 2, it is argued that by incorporating the criterion of epistemological priority, syntactic theory can move closer towards becoming a plausible model of language acquisition. A version of GB theory is developed which adopts this criterion, leading to several modifications, including the derivation of X-bar theory from more "primitive" grammatical sub-components, and a revision of the Projection Principle. This model is converted into a procedure for phrase-structure acquisition, employing sets of Canonical Government Configurations and Percolation Principles to map Case- and θ-relations onto phrase-structure trees. The chapter ends with a discussion of the "missing-subject" stage in the acquisition of English. Chapter 3 concerns auxiliaries. It is argued that parametric variation in auxiliary systems can be reduced to levels of association between INFL and V. The question of irregularity is dealt with through the Designation Convention of Emonds (1985), which makes a distinction between open- and closed- class grammatical elements, and a Parallel Distributed Processing model of learning. The last part of the chapter investigates the learning of the English auxiliary system, and in particular the errors known as "auxiliary overmarking". Chapter 4 investigates the syntax of Subject Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)-type rules. An account of inversion is developed based on the theory of predication, in which inversion-inducing elements are treated as "A'-type" subjects which must be linked to AGR in order to satisfy conditions on Predicate-licensing. A parametrization is developed based on the cross-linguistic examination of SAI-type rules. Chapter 5 concerns the acquisition of SAI. It is argued that there are no invariant "stages" in the development of inversion; rather, a proportion of children misanalyze (WH + contracted auxiliary) sequences as (WH + AGR-clitic) sequences and formulate grammars in which SAI is unnecessary. A "two-tiered" theory of syntactic acquisition is proposed to account for the observed developmental patterns. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is a computational tool for exploring flow applications in science and technology. Of central importance in many flow scenarios is the accurate modelling of the boundary layer phenomenon. This is particularly true in the aerospace industry, where it is central to the prediction of drag. Modern CFD codes as applied to modelling aerodynamic flows have to be fast and efficient in order to model complex realistic geometries. When considering viscous flows, the boundary layer typically requires the largest part of computational resources. To simulate boundary layer flow with most current CFD codes, requires extremely fine mesh spacing normal to the wall and is consequently computationally very expensive. Boundary layer modelling approaches offer considerable computational cost savings. One boundary layer method which proved to be very accurate is the two-integral method of Drela (1985). Coupling the boundary layer solution to inviscid external flow, however, is a challenge due to the Goldstein singularity, which occurs as separation is approached. This research proposed to develop a new method to couple Drela‟s two-integral equations to a generic outer flow solver in an iterative fashion. The study introduced an auxiliary equation, which was solved along with the displacement thickness to overcome the Goldstein singularity without the need to solve the entire flow domain simultaneously. In this work, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were used for the outer flow. In the majority of previous studies, the boundary layer thickness was simulated using a wall transpiration boundary condition at the interface between viscous and inviscid flows. This boundary condition was inherently non-physical since it added extra mass into the system to simulate the effects of the boundary layer. Here, this drawback was circumvented by the use of a mesh movement algorithm to shift the surface of the body outward without regridding the entire mesh. This replaced the transpiration boundary condition. The results obtained show that accurate modelling is possible for laminar incompressible flow. The predicted solutions obtained compare well with similarity solutions in the case of flat and inclined plates, and with the results of a NACA0012 airfoil produced by the validated XFOIL code (Drela and Youngren, 2001). Copyright / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

This study aims to investigate the acquisition of three Chinese modal auxiliary verbs: NENG, HUI, and KEYI by English-speaking learners who study Chinese as a foreign language and attempts to examine the following issues. 1) Are English-speaking learners able to distinguish the semantic difference between NENG, HUI and KEYI and realize their corresponding syntactic constraints? Does leaner’s acquisition of these three auxiliary verbs increase with the improvement of their Chinese proficiency level? Can these three auxiliary verbs be mastered completely by English-speaking leaners? 2) What is the acquisition order when they are learning NENG, HUI and KEYI? Furthermore, what is the acquisition order of the multiple semantic meanings within one single Chinese modal auxiliary verb? 3)What is the relationship between English-speaking learners’ comprehension and production, in regard to their performance on learning these three auxiliary verbs? 4) whatpedagogical implication does this study reveal? This research is composed of a comprehension test and production analysis. A questionnaire is designed to test English-speaking learners’ comprehension of NENG, HUI and KEYI, including fourteenmultiple choices questions. In addition, 275 essays from the participants are collected anonymously as production database to be analyzed. In total, 90 English-speaking learners who enrolled in Chinese courses at University of Massachusetts Amherst in Spring 2019 were participated, and they were divided into three experimental groups: beginning level, intermediate level, and advanced level. 60 native Chinese speakers were also invited into this research, served as a control group. The result in this research shows that 1) English-speaking leaners’ acquisition of NENG, HUI and KEYI do not always increase with the improvement of their Chinese proficiency level. Both HUI and KEYI present the same trend, which rises rapidly and significantly after experiencing a relatively flat stage, while the development of NENG is shown by U-shape learning curve. 2) For English-speaking learners, the acquisition order is(from the easiest to hardest): HUI > KEYI > NENG. 3) English-speaking learners’ production of NENG, HUI, and KEYI is not always parallel to their comprehension. Also, some implications for teaching NENG, HUI and KEYI are discussed in this thesis.

Diploma thesis deals with competitiveness of lasertag facility. Costumer value creation is analysed based on value chain theory and compared with competition. Enriching of company product range by auxiliary services, mainly non-smoking club, is drawn up considering this and other analysis. Realization of these new ideas and evaluation of their success is also part of this thesis.

Bakgrund: Barnafödsel är en naturlig livshändelse som symboliserar en viktig del i livet för många kvinnor. Förlossningsupplevelsen är för många föräldrar en stor upplevelse som kvarstår under lång tid. Det bemötande och stöd som ges av barnmorskan och undersköterskan under förlossningen har en betydande roll för kvinnan och dennes partners upplevelse av förlossningen. Barnmorskan och undersköterskan har olika arbetsuppgifter men strävar efter samma mål. Syfte: Var att beskriva hur barnmorskor och undersköterskor upplever sin arbetssituation i samband med barnafödsel. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ design med fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer, två med undersköterskor och två med barnmorskor. Datamaterialet analyserades systematiskt med en modell av Dahlin-Ivanoff och Holmgren. Resultat: Resultatet av analysen sammanställdes till två kategorier. Första kategorin är Ömsesidigt förtroende, vilket har tre tillhörande teman. Kommunikation, Samarbete och Teamarbete. Andra kategorin är Ohållbar arbetsmiljö, vilket har tre tillhörande teman. Stress, Känslomässig berg- och dalbana samt Ansvar. Resultatet visade på att barnmorskor och undersköterskor upplever sin arbetssituation stressig men fantastisk. De slits mellan sina känslor men älskar sitt yrke. Slutsats: Samspelet mellan barnmorska och undersköterska på en förlossningssal i samband med barnafödsel anses av personalen ha betydelse för kvinnan och hennes partners förlossningsupplevelse. / Background: Childbirth is a natural life event that symbolizes an important part of many women's lives. The birth experience is, for many parents, a great experience that lasts for a long time. The care and support provided by the midwife and the auxiliary nurse during childbirth has a significant role for the woman and her partner' s experience of childbirth. The midwife and the nurse have different tasks but strive for the same goals. Aim: To describe how midwives and auxiliary nurses experience their work situation during childbirth. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative design with four focus group interviews, two with auxiliary nurses and two with midwives. The data was systematically analyzed with a model by Dahlin-Ivanoff and Holmgren. Results: The results of the analysis were compiled into two categories. The first category is Mutual trust, which has three related themes. Communication, Collaboration and Teamwork. The second category is Unsustainable working environment, which has three related themes. Stress, Emotional roller coaster and Responsibility. The result showed that midwives and auxiliary nurses experience their work situation stressful but fantastic. They are torn between their emotions but love their profession. Conclusion: The staff consider the interactions between the midwife and the auxiliary nurse in the delivery room during childbirth to have a significant role for the woman and her partner's birth experience.

South Africa emerged as a country that fought and overcame arduous oppression.. Following the democratic revolution of 1994, the new government regime embarked on an enormous electrification rollout with the mandate of ensuring all households in the country have access to electricity. This did not come without huge challenges and the electricity supply network was already under pressure. This led to load shedding and in turn impeded economic growth. Consequently South Africa requires significant investment in new electricity infrastructure. In order to ensure sustainable economic growth, the provision of reliable electricity is a critical strategic imperative. One of the objectives (according to the Electricity Regulation Act, No. 4 of 2006) is to facilitate investment in the electricity supply industry. To empower and encourage electricity producers, including foreign investors, to enter into the market, it is imperative to critically assess the current tax allowances available for the construction of power station assets within South Africa's domestic shores. In addition, the concept of load shedding is not limited to South Africa, but is a form of reducing demand on the energy generating system and is experienced internationally. To understand the tax incentives offered by international countries to reduce demand on the electricity supply network, will form part of this assessment. Benchmarking will be done on South Africa's domestic tax incentives offered to local electricity generators against international suppliers of electricity. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmchunu2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

South Africa bears the largest burden of children living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 450 000 of the continent's over 3 million children living with HIV estimated to be in the country (UNAIDS, 2013:87). Children living with HIV have various intrinsic biopsychosocial needs, and the meeting of these needs within drop-in-centres is primarily the responsibility of Social Auxiliary Workers, a ?frontline? category of social welfare workforce whose roles are viewed as critical in enabling the identification and facilitation of provision of health and other services. The study was informed by a concern that, in spite of their envisaged roles, Social Auxiliary Workers have very limited paediatric HIV knowledge, skills and experience. The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of Social Auxiliary Workers on their role and competencies in addressing biopsychosocial needs of children living with HIV at drop-in-centres. The researcher conducted this study from a qualitative approach. The study was applied in a natural setting and a collective case study design was utilised. The work experiences of a purposive sample of participants that was randomly sampled were gathered by means of semi-structured one-on-one interviews. A total sample of 10 participants was drawn from a pool of 40 Social Auxiliary Workers who were employed in 18 drop-in-centres that are in Sedibeng District Municipality. The study's findings indicate that children living with HIV had many complex biological, psychological and social needs that were exacerbated by stigma, discrimination and non-disclosure of the children's HIV status by parents. This created underlying debilitating barriers for Social Auxiliary Workers to efficiently identify, and get children into treatment, care and social support services. The findings also revealed that Social Auxiliary Workers had limited, non-standardised and highly imperceptible HIV knowledge and skills to competently work with children living with HIV. Furthermore, findings showed that Social Auxiliary Workers face institutional and resource challenges that stem from poverty, insufficient financial resources within drop-in-centres and lack of structured large scale programmes to mobilise and educate communities on children and HIV. The study concluded that many of the biopsychosocial needs that children living with HIV face are not being comprehensively and sustainably addressed as Social Auxiliary Workers are not effective in their role, amongst other things, due to lack of skills and knowledge on how to address factors that contribute to the exclusion; and consequently, disproportionate low access of services by children living with HIV. The study proposes the training and capacitation of Social Auxiliary Workers on paediatric HIV so as to increase the depth and breadth of services rendered to children living with HIV. It is also important that regular and on-going supervision and debriefing opportunities for Social Auxiliary Workers should be strengthened to promote optimal consolidation of skills and knowledge. The provision of simplified practice guidelines and procedures should also be prioritised in order to ensure consistency in understanding amongst Social Auxiliary Workers of their role and obligations. Furthermore, it is recommended that Government and the Department of Social Development should consider scaling-up funding for drop-in-centres as well as implementation of HIV-related stigma and discrimination mitigation programmes in communities. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted