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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development And Validation Of Two-dimensional Depth-averaged Free Surface Flow Solver

Yilmaz, Burak 01 January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
A numerical solution algorithm based on finite volume method is developed for unsteady, two-dimensional, depth-averaged shallow water flow equations. The model is verified using test cases from the literature and free surface data obtained from measurements in a laboratory flume. Experiments are carried out in a horizontal, rectangular channel with vertical solid boxes attached on the sidewalls to obtain freesurface data set in flows where three-dimensionality is significant. Experimental data contain both subcritical and supercritical states. The shallow water equations are solved on a structured, rectangular grid system. Godunov type solution procedure evaluates the interface fluxes using an upwind method with an exact Riemann solver. The numerical solution reproduces analytical solutions for the test cases successfully. Comparison of the numerical results with the experimental two-dimensional free surface data is used to illustrate the limitations of the shallow water equations and improvements necessary for better simulation of such cases.
2

Rocket Jet Impinging on a Surface

Capel Jorquera, Javier January 2022 (has links)
With the continuous growth of the space industry and the introduction of reusable rockets, the number of rocket launches is expected to increase significantly in the following years. During rocket launching, the engine exhaust impinges on the launch structure producing a complex flow field. The rocket jet induces large thermoaerodynamic and acoustic loads on the launch structures and the rocket. This thesis aims to study the physics and numerical considerations behind supersonic flows exhausted from rocket engines. First, the treatment of turbulent compressible flows through the Favre-averaged equations and the SST k-ω model are studied. Next, the numerical modeling of the problem, including solver and meshing theory is presented. Then, a model of a nozzle is explained along with how the performance is assessed to finally design a M=3 two-dimensional nozzle using the method of characteristics (MOC). The two-dimensional results are validated using Ansys Fluent, and the same geometry is used for the following axisymmetrical problems, which include the study of a free and impinging jet. The free jet problem serves to study how the nozzle behaves in a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem and to validate the impinging jet results. To obtain the results, RANS-based simulations of a cold, over-expanded jet with adiabatic walls are performed. Empirical formulas were used to verify the results. Lastly, the impinging jet problem is simulated using the same inlet boundary conditions as for the free jet. The impact that the plate distance to the exit of the nozzle has on the position of the shock waves when the jet impinges on the flat surface is assessed. Finally, an optimization of the shape of a wedge to minimize the maximum turbulence kinetic energy produced during steady-state simulation is carried out. As an appendix to the work, an aeroacoustic study of the impinging jet at 4De distance is presented. The results show the direction of propagation of the acoustic waves but due to the lack of acoustic quality of the mesh, the predicted sound pressure levels do not match the expected behavior.
3

Análise e implementação de esquemas de convecção e modelos de turbulência para simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis envolvendo superfícies livres. / Analysis and implementation of convection schemes and turbulence models for simulation of incompressible flows involving free surfaces.

Ferreira, Valdemir Garcia 26 September 2001 (has links)
Uma parte significativa dos escoamentos encontrados em aplicações tecnológicas é caracterizada por envolver altos números de Reynolds, principalmente aqueles em regime turbulento e com superfície livre. Obter soluções numéricas representativas para essa classe de problemas é extremamente difícil, devido à natureza não-linear das equações diferenciais parciais envolvidas nos modelos. Conseqüentemente, o tema tem sido uma das principais preocupações da comunidade científica moderna em dinâmica de fluidos computacional. Aproximações de primeira ordem para os termos convectivos são as mais adequadas para amortecer oscilações que estão associadas às aproximações de alta ordem não-limitadas. Todavia, elas introduzem dissipação artificial nas representações discretas comprometendo os resultados numéricos. Para minimizar esse efeito não-físico e, ao mesmo tempo, conseguir aproximações incondicionalmente estáveis, é indispensável adotar uma estratégia que combine aproximações de primeira ordem com as de ordem mais alta e que leve em conta a propagação de informações físicas. Os resultados dessa composição são os esquemas "upwind" limitados de alta ordem. Em geral, espera-se que esses esquemas sejam apropriados para a representação das derivadas convectivas nos modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon. No contexto de diferenças finitas, a presente tese dedica-se à solução numérica das equações de Navier-Stokes no regime de números de Reynolds elevados. Em particular, ela contém uma análise de algoritmos monotônicos e antidifusivos e modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon para a simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis envolvendo superfícies livres. Esquemas de convecção são implementados nos códigos GENSMAC para proporcionar um tratamento robusto dos termos convectivos nas equações de transporte. Duas versões do modelo kappa-varepsilon de turbulência são implementadas nos códigos GENSMAC, para problems bidimensionais e com simetria radial, para descrever os efeitos da turbulência sobre o escoamento médio. Resultados numéricos de escoamentos com simetria radial são comparados com resultados experimentais e analíticos. Simulações numéricas de problemas tridimensionais complexos são apresentadas para avaliar o desempenho de esquemas "upwind". Finalmente, os modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon são utilizados para a simulação de escoamentos confinados e com superfícies livres. / A considerable part of fluid flows encountered in technological applications is characterised by involving high-Reynolds numbers, especially those in turbulent regime and with free-surface. It is extremely difficult to obtain representative numerical solutions for this class of problems, due to the non-linear nature of the partial differential equations involved in the models. Consequently, this subject has been one of main concerns in the modern computational fluid dynamics community. First-order approximation to the convective terms is one of the most appropriate to smooth out oscilations/instabilities which are associated with high-order unlimited approximation. However, it introduces numerical dissipation in the discrete representation jeopardizing the numerical results. In order to minimize this non-physical effect and, at the same time, to obtain unconditionally stable approximation, it is essential to adopt a strategy that combines first and high-order approximations and takes into account the propagation of physical information. The results of this composition are the high-order bounded upwind techniques. In general, it is expected that these algorithms are satisfactory for the representation of the convective derivatives in the kappa-varepsilon turbulence model. In the context of finite-difference, the present thesis deals with the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations at high-Reynolds number regimes. In particular, it contains an analysis of monotonic and anti-difusive convection schemes and kappa-varepsilon turbulence models for the simulation of free-surface fluid flows. Upwinding methods are implemented into the GENSMAC codes to provide a robust treatment of the convective terms in the transport equations. Two versions of the K-Epsilon turbulence model are implemented into the two-dimensional and axisymmetric GENSMAC codes, in order to describe the turbulent effects on the average flow. Numerical results of axisymmetric flows are compared with experimental and analytical results. Numerical simulations of complex three-dimensional problems are presented to assess the performance of high-order bounded upwind schemes. Finally, the K-Epsilon turbulence models are employed in the simulation of confined and free-surface flows.
4

Análise e implementação de esquemas de convecção e modelos de turbulência para simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis envolvendo superfícies livres. / Analysis and implementation of convection schemes and turbulence models for simulation of incompressible flows involving free surfaces.

Valdemir Garcia Ferreira 26 September 2001 (has links)
Uma parte significativa dos escoamentos encontrados em aplicações tecnológicas é caracterizada por envolver altos números de Reynolds, principalmente aqueles em regime turbulento e com superfície livre. Obter soluções numéricas representativas para essa classe de problemas é extremamente difícil, devido à natureza não-linear das equações diferenciais parciais envolvidas nos modelos. Conseqüentemente, o tema tem sido uma das principais preocupações da comunidade científica moderna em dinâmica de fluidos computacional. Aproximações de primeira ordem para os termos convectivos são as mais adequadas para amortecer oscilações que estão associadas às aproximações de alta ordem não-limitadas. Todavia, elas introduzem dissipação artificial nas representações discretas comprometendo os resultados numéricos. Para minimizar esse efeito não-físico e, ao mesmo tempo, conseguir aproximações incondicionalmente estáveis, é indispensável adotar uma estratégia que combine aproximações de primeira ordem com as de ordem mais alta e que leve em conta a propagação de informações físicas. Os resultados dessa composição são os esquemas "upwind" limitados de alta ordem. Em geral, espera-se que esses esquemas sejam apropriados para a representação das derivadas convectivas nos modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon. No contexto de diferenças finitas, a presente tese dedica-se à solução numérica das equações de Navier-Stokes no regime de números de Reynolds elevados. Em particular, ela contém uma análise de algoritmos monotônicos e antidifusivos e modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon para a simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis envolvendo superfícies livres. Esquemas de convecção são implementados nos códigos GENSMAC para proporcionar um tratamento robusto dos termos convectivos nas equações de transporte. Duas versões do modelo kappa-varepsilon de turbulência são implementadas nos códigos GENSMAC, para problems bidimensionais e com simetria radial, para descrever os efeitos da turbulência sobre o escoamento médio. Resultados numéricos de escoamentos com simetria radial são comparados com resultados experimentais e analíticos. Simulações numéricas de problemas tridimensionais complexos são apresentadas para avaliar o desempenho de esquemas "upwind". Finalmente, os modelos de turbulência kappa-varepsilon são utilizados para a simulação de escoamentos confinados e com superfícies livres. / A considerable part of fluid flows encountered in technological applications is characterised by involving high-Reynolds numbers, especially those in turbulent regime and with free-surface. It is extremely difficult to obtain representative numerical solutions for this class of problems, due to the non-linear nature of the partial differential equations involved in the models. Consequently, this subject has been one of main concerns in the modern computational fluid dynamics community. First-order approximation to the convective terms is one of the most appropriate to smooth out oscilations/instabilities which are associated with high-order unlimited approximation. However, it introduces numerical dissipation in the discrete representation jeopardizing the numerical results. In order to minimize this non-physical effect and, at the same time, to obtain unconditionally stable approximation, it is essential to adopt a strategy that combines first and high-order approximations and takes into account the propagation of physical information. The results of this composition are the high-order bounded upwind techniques. In general, it is expected that these algorithms are satisfactory for the representation of the convective derivatives in the kappa-varepsilon turbulence model. In the context of finite-difference, the present thesis deals with the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations at high-Reynolds number regimes. In particular, it contains an analysis of monotonic and anti-difusive convection schemes and kappa-varepsilon turbulence models for the simulation of free-surface fluid flows. Upwinding methods are implemented into the GENSMAC codes to provide a robust treatment of the convective terms in the transport equations. Two versions of the K-Epsilon turbulence model are implemented into the two-dimensional and axisymmetric GENSMAC codes, in order to describe the turbulent effects on the average flow. Numerical results of axisymmetric flows are compared with experimental and analytical results. Numerical simulations of complex three-dimensional problems are presented to assess the performance of high-order bounded upwind schemes. Finally, the K-Epsilon turbulence models are employed in the simulation of confined and free-surface flows.

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