Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Raquel Saucier Gomes.pdf: 2225218 bytes, checksum: 68d6b849a23bb4479d6785b36389a032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The aim of the present work was to identify the occurrence of natural Cryptosporidium infection in domestic birds, commercialized in two public markets, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. 180 birds were acquired, being 60 ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), 60 chicks (Gallus gallus) and 60 quails (Coturnix japonica). The birds were housed in individual cages at the Protozoology laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. As diagnostic method for the occurrence and infection dynamics was used de centrifuge - fluctuation technique. Measurements of the major and minor oocyst diameters were realized and compared between the origins of the birds. From the market of Madureira, a total of 29 (96,7%) ducks, 20 (66,66%) quails and 30 (100%) chicks were infected with Cryptosporidum sp. At the market of Campo Grande 17 (56, 7%) ducks, 13 (43, 33%) quails and 22 (73, 33%) chicks were infected. Statistically significant differences between the origin of the birds and infection rate were encountered for the ducks and the chicks, but not for the quails. The pre-patent period of the infection varied between 2 and 8 days, and the patent period varied between 3-46 days. Ducks present major resistance to the infection, but once established they present a longer patent period, with higher oocyst shedding than do quails and chicks. Observing the presented results can be concluded that the natural infection with Cryptosporidium is frequent in the studied domestic birds commercialized in public markets. Ducks, chicks and quails may play an important part in the dissemination of cryptosporidiosis in public markets, possibly representing a risk for human infection in persons that work or does frequent the markets. More studies should be undertaken to clarify about the risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis and molecular studies for the characterization of the Cryptosporidium species involved. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a ocorr?ncia da infec??o pelo protozo?rio do g?nero Cryptosporidium em aves dom?sticas comercializadas em dois mercados municipais situados no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, e associar poss?veis fatores de risco relacionados ? infec??o. No total foram adquiridas 180 aves, sendo 60 patos (Anas platyrhynchos), 60 pintos (Gallus gallus) e 60 codornas (Coturnix japonica). As aves foram encaminhadas ao laborat?rio de Protozoologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e acondicionadas em gaiolas individuais. A ocorr?ncia e din?mica de Cryptosporidium sp. nessas aves foram estudadas atrav?s da t?cnica de centr?fugo-flutua??o. Mensura??es do maior di?metro e menor di?metro dos oocistos foram realizadas e comparadas entre as aves dos mercados. No mercado de Madureira um total de 29 (96,7%) patos, 20 codornas (66,66%) e 30 pintos (100%) apresentaram infec??o por Cryptosporidum sp. e no mercado de Campo Grande 17 (56,7%) patos, 13 codornas (43,33%) e 22 (73,33%) pintos estavam infectados. Diferen?as estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas para a ocorr?ncia da infec??o entre os pintos e de patos dos dois mercados, por?m n?o para codornas. O per?odo pr?-patente da infec??o variou entre 2 e 8 dias e per?odo patente entre 3 a 46 dias. Patos possuem uma maior resist?ncia ? aquisi??o da infec??o por Cryptosporidium sp. que pintos e codornas, por?m uma vez estabelecida a infec??o, esta possui maior per?odo patente, com altas concentra??es de oocistos nas fezes, se comparado a pintos e codornas. Pode-se concluir que a infec??o natural por Cryptoporidium ? frequente nas aves estudadas. Patos, pintos e codornas podem ser disseminadores de criptosporidiose em mercados municipais, cria??es dom?sticas e/ ou de subsist?ncia dentro do munic?pio do Rio de janeiro, assim como podem constituir risco para infec??o em humanos, como crian?as, tratadores, comerciantes e frequentadores do local. Mais estudos ser?o feitos para a elucida??o dos fatores de risco associados ? infec??o por Cryptosporidium sp., assim como estudos de caracteriza??o molecular de isolados provenientes dos mercado municipias no Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-07T17:49:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gilmar Ferreira Vita.pdf: 2611067 bytes, checksum: abac55cdad10547db6f65387f7124c20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T17:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Gilmar Ferreira Vita.pdf: 2611067 bytes, checksum: abac55cdad10547db6f65387f7124c20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / CAPES / The present study was developed from 2013 to 2016 in the Laboratory of Zoology of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro and the Department of Animal Parasitology of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro. The objective was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficiency of the medicinal plants Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Mentha piperita Linnaeus, and Spigelia anthelmia Linnaeus, in phytotherapeutic and homeopathic forms, as an alternative way to control endoparasites of the Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 (red junglefowl). Endoparasites are a serious problem that affects domestic bird rearing and development. They cause growth retardation, decrease in the food conversion index, increase in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, and culminate in death. The methodologies used were recommended by Coles et al. (1992), supported by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), reference to anthelmintic tests, and by Hubert and Kerboeuf (1992). The plants B. trimera and M. piperita showed moderate efficiency rate in in vitro tests, with maximum values of 80.00%, and low efficiency rate in in vivo test, with maximum values of 9.31%. The plants E. globulus and S. anthelmia, showed high efficiency rate in in vitro and in vivo tests, with values above 80.00%. The present study recorded the presence of the genera Ascaridia, Capillaria, and Heterakis. The plants sometimes showed indices above the traditional product used (Febendazol). / A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laborat?rio de Zoologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e Setor de Parasitologia Animal da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no per?odo de 2013 a 2016. O objetivo foi testar in vitro e in vivo a efic?cia das plantas medicinais Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Mentha piperita Linnaeus e Spigelia anthelmia Linnaeus, nas formas fitoter?pica e homeop?tica, como meios alternativos para o controle de endoparasitos de Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 (Galinha Caipira), um s?rio problema que afeta a cria??o e desempenho de aves dom?sticas, ocasionando morte quando muito intenso, retardo de crescimento, redu??o de ?ndice de convers?o alimentar e aumento na suscetibilidade ?s doen?as infecciosas. As metodologias utilizadas foram preconizadas por Coles et al. (1992), creditada pela World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), organiza??o refer?ncia para testes anti-helm?nticos, e Hubert e Kerboeuf (1992). Para as plantas B. trimera e M. piperita, os ensaios in vitro demonstraram moderada taxa de efic?cia com valores m?ximos de 80,00%, e o ensaio in vivo, baixa taxa de efic?cia, com valores m?ximos de 9,31%. Para E. globulus e S. anthelmia, os ensaios in vitro e in vivo demonstraram alta taxa de efic?cia, com valores acima de 80,00%. A pesquisa evidenciou a presen?a dos g?neros Ascaridia, Capillaria e Heterakis. As plantas demonstraram em certos momentos ?ndices superiores ao produto tradicional utilizado (Febendazol).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Wyslaine Costa da Cruz.pdf: 1345930 bytes, checksum: 9a654e122d8b4c1490d3af518d57d643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Blastocystis hominis is one of the most prevalent parasites of the human gastrointestinal tract, but its pathogenic role still remains uncertain. Some organisms similar to B. hominis have been described in a range of non-human hosts and are denominated Blastocystis sp., but their zoonotic potential still needs clarification. The objective of this work was to investigate the occurrence of natural infection by Blastocystis sp. in three species of domesticated birds sold at cooperative markets (with individual vendor stalls) in two districts of the city of Rio de Janeiro and to characterize the morphology of these organisms found in bird droppings, to enable a precise diagnosis. A total of 214 birds were purchased: 35 ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from market A and 38 from market B, 35 quails (Coturnix japonica) from market A and 36 from market B and 35 chicks (Gallus gallus) from market A and 35 from market B. Of the birds studied from market A, 8 chicks (22.9%), 15 quails (42.9%) and 13 ducks (37.1%) presented biological forms of Blastocystys sp. in their droppings, while at the market B, the respective figures were 15 chicks (42.9%), 2 quails (5.56%) and 21 ducks (55.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in relation to the occurrence of infection in ducks and chicks between the two markets studied, but there was between the quails at the two markets. Considering the number of infected birds at the two markets irrespective of species, the difference was statistically significant. From the observations of the stained fecal smears of the animals that were positive for Blastocystis sp., it was possible to characterize six forms of organisms, namely vacuolar, granular, ameboid, cystic, avacuolar and multivacuolar. It was also possible to characterize the reproductive forms of Blastocystis sp. as binary division, endodyogeny, budding, plamotomy and schizogeny. Even though there are no studies confirming the zoonotic and pathogenic potential of Blastocystis sp., either to human or animal hosts, we suggest that environmental contamination can be occurring at these markets, due to the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions, thus posing a risk to both the animals and the people who circulate there. The knowledge of evaluative forms that were found and characterized in this work is important to gives a precise and faithful diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. in dropping. / Blastocystis hominis ? um dos parasitos de maior preval?ncia no trato gastrintestinal de humanos, por?m seu papel patog?nico ainda permanece incerto. Alguns organismos semelhantes ? B. hominis t?m sido descritos em uma variedade de hospedeiros n?o-humanos sendo denominado Blastocystis sp., mas seu potencial zoon?tico n?o est? esclarecido. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a ocorr?ncia de infec??o natural de Blastocystis sp. em tr?s esp?cies de aves dom?sticas comercializadas em dois mercados municipais do Rio de Janeiro, caracterizando morfologicamente esses organismos encontrados em material fecal para a emiss?o de um diagn?stico preciso. Foram adquiridas 214 aves, sendo 35 patos (Anas platyrhynchos) do mercado A e 38 do mercado B, 35 codornas (Coturnix japonica) do mercado A e 36 do mercado B, e 35 pintos (Gallus gallus)do mercado A e 35 do mercado B. Das aves pesquisadas no mercado A, 8 (22,9%) pintos, 15 (42,9%) codornas e 13 (37,1%) patos apresentaram formas biol?gicas de Blastocystis sp. nas fezes, enquanto que no mercado B, 15 (42,9%) pintos, 2 (5,56%) codornas e 21 (55,3%) patos apresentaram tais formas nas fezes. N?o houve uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativa em rela??o ? ocorr?ncia de infec??o em patos e pintos dos dois mercados municipais pesquisados, ocorrendo essa diferen?a somente entre as codornas dos dois mercados. Ao considerarmos o n?mero de aves infectadas nos dois mercados, independentemente da esp?cie, observou-se que n?o houve uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os dois mercados. Das observa??es de esfrega?o de fezes coradas com Giemsa daqueles animais que apresentaram positividade para Blastocystis sp., foi poss?vel caracterizar seis formas do organismo, sendo estas: vacuolar, granular, ameb?ide, c?sticas, avacuolar e multivacuolar. Tamb?m foi poss?vel caracterizar as formas reprodutivas de Blastocystis sp. como: divis?o bin?ria, endodiogenia, brotamento, plamatomia e esquizogonia. Mesmo n?o tendo estudos que confirmem o potencial zoon?tico e patog?nico de Blastocystis sp., tanto para hospedeiros humanos quanto para animais, sugere-se que nesses mercados de comercializa??o pode ocorrer a contamina??o ambiental, devido ?s condi??es higi?nicas e sanit?rias serem de p?ssima qualidade, sendo um risco para os animais, assim como para a popula??o humana que comumente freq?entam esses ambientes. O conhecimento das formas evolutivas que foram encontradas e caracterizadas no presente trabalho ? de grande import?ncia para que se tenha um diagn?stico preciso e confi?vel de Blastocystis sp. em material fecal.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-05T14:19:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Raquel Saucier Gomes.pdf: 7033294 bytes, checksum: d1538edd22d0ad5fcbf8c9c1e86f330e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Raquel Saucier Gomes.pdf: 7033294 bytes, checksum: d1538edd22d0ad5fcbf8c9c1e86f330e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / This study aimed to diagnose and characterize genetically the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in stool samples from poultry and exotic birds marketed in Rio de Janeiro involving possible risk factors for infection. We analyzed 180 poultry sold in local markets and 103 exotic birds from breeding and pet shops. For analysis, the DNA extracted from fecal sample suspension was used to amplify the 18S rDNA sequences by nested-PCR technique. The amplicons generated were subjected to RFLP using the enzymes SspI and VspI, and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, to confirm the species. Different species of Cryptosporidium were indentified in faecal samples of poultry and exotic birds. In the analysis of sites of enzymatic cutting products of nested-PCR gene 18SR DNA, the species C. bailey was the only one that displayed a characteristic cut-off, but other samples were. The following species were diagnosed: C. baileyi (GU082387) infecting ducks (Anas platyrhynchus domesticus), C. parvum in quails (Coturnix japonica) (GU082384 and GU082386), chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) (GU082390 and GU082391), duck (GU082388) and Manon (Lonchura striata domestica) (GU074390). The Avian genotype III was identified in caulker (Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) and cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) (GU074385, GU074386 and GU074387). The sequences of canaries (Serinus canarius) received access numbers GU074388 and GU074389, but it was not possible to identify the species of Cryptosporidium, because of the large genetic distance between them and those already deposited in GenBank, suggesting a new genotype or a new specie. Although C. baileyi and Avian genotype III are common in birds, the diagnosis of C. parvum is a worrying finding, since this species are more associated with mammals. Birds can be considered as reservoirs and disseminators of environmental infective form of the parasite, allowing the infection to a large number of species of hosts, including in the man in the epidemiological chain. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar geneticamente esp?cies e/ou gen?tipos de Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas comercializadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, associando poss?veis fatores de risco da infec??o. Foram analisadas 180 aves dom?sticas comercializadas em mercados locais e 103 aves ex?ticas de criadouros e petshops. Para as an?lises, o DNA extra?do de suspens?o de amostra fecal foi utilizado na amplifica??o das seq??ncias do 18S rDNA atrav?s da t?cnica Nested-PCR. Os amplicons gerados foram submetidos ? RFLP, utilizando as enzimas SspI e VspI, e ao seq??nciamento, para a confirma??o das esp?cies. Foram identificadas esp?cies de Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas. Durante as an?lises dos s?tios de corte enzim?tico dos produtos da Nested-PCR do gene 18Sr DNA, a esp?cie C. baileyi foi a ?nica que apresentou padr?o de corte caracter?stico, por?m nas demais amostras foi necess?ria a confirma??o atrav?s do sequenciamento e estudo filogen?tico. Foi diagnosticado C. baileyi (GU082387) infectando patos (Anas platyrhynchus domesticus); C. parvum em codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (GU082384 e GU082386), pintos (Gallus gallus domesticus) (GU082390 e GU082391), pato (GU082388) e manon (Lonchura striata domestica) (GU074390). O gen?tipo avi?rio III foi identificado pela primeira vez em calafate (Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) e em calopsita (Nymphicus hollandicus) (GU074385, GU074386 e GU074387). As seq??ncias de can?rios (Serinus canarius) receberam os n?meros de acesso GU074388 e GU074389, por?m n?o foi poss?vel a identifica??o da esp?cie de Cryptosporidium, devido ? grande dist?ncia gen?tica entre elas e aquelas j? depositadas no GenBank, sugerindo novo gen?tipo ou uma nova esp?cie . Embora C. baileyi e o gen?tipo Avi?rio III sejam comuns em aves, o diagn?stico de C. parvum ? um achado preocupante, j? que esta esp?cie est? mais associada com mam?feros. Aves podem ser consideradas como reservat?rios e disseminadoras ambientais da forma infectante do protozo?rio, possibilitando a infec??o para um amplo n?mero de esp?cie de hospedeiros incluindo, nesta cadeia epidemiol?gica, o ser humano.