Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis equivalent (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1948.

Based on the authors' Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1941. / In: Journal of endodontia. -- Vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 1948). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Orientador: Jane Megid / Banca: Marcio Garcia Ribeiro / Banca: Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos / Resumo: A brucelose canina causada pela Brucella canis (B. canis) é uma das principais causas infecciosas de desordens reprodutivas em cães. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar as técnicas de Cultivo Microbiológico e Soroaglutinação Rápida em Cartão (SAR) com e sem o emprego de 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME) no diagnóstico da brucelose canina. Adicionalmente foram avaliados sangue, urina, swab vaginal, prepucial e sêmen como materiais a serem processados no diagnóstico microbiológico. Foram avaliados 236 cães quanto à infecção por B. canis, muitos com histórico de problemas reprodutivos, dos quais 24,2% resultaram positivos na SAR, 10,2% na SAR-2ME, 28% na hemocultura, 9,2% na urocultura, 2,1% na cultura de swab vaginal, 13,6% na cultura dos swabs prepuciais e 28,6% no cultivo de sêmen. Dos 71 animais positivos no cultivo microbiológico, 92,9% apresentaram-se positivos na hemocultura. Nos demais materiais foram obtidos percentuais menores. A sensibilidade relativa da SAR resultou em 66,2% e a especificidade relativa 93,9%. A SAR-2ME apresentou sensibilidade relativa de 29,5% com ligeiro aumento na especificidade relativa 98,2%. Quando associados SAR e hemocultura foram observados 97,6% e 93,9% de sensibilidade e especificidade, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem a utilização associada da SAR à hemocultura sem realização em paralelo com 2-ME. / Abstract: Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis (B. canis) is one of the major infectious causes of reproductive disorders in dogs. The present study aimed to compare the performance of bacteriological methods and Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) with or without 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in canine brucellosis diagnosis. Additionally, blood, urine, vaginal and prepucial swabs and semen were evaluated regarding their use in bacteriological diagnostic. Two hundred thirty six dogs, many of them showing reproductive problems, were submitted to investigation for diagnosis of B. canis infection. Among them, 24.2% were positive in RSAT, 10.2% 2ME-RSAT, 28% blood culture, 9.2% urine culture, 2.1% vaginal swab culture, 13.6% prepucial swab culture and 28.6% semen culture. Among the 71 positive dogs in bacteriological culture, 92.9% were positive in blood culture. The percentage of positivity was variable in others samples. The relative sensitivity of RSAT was 66.2% and the relative specificity was 93.9%. The 2ME-RSAT presented lower sensitivity 29.5% and greater specificity 98.2%. The use of blood culture and RSAT associated presented 97.6% e 93.9% of sensibility and specificity, respectively. These results suggest that RSAT should be used with blood cultures independently of the use of 2ME-RSAT. / Mestre

No description available.

A deteriorating trend has been noted in the bacteriological quality of surface irrigation water sources in South Africa. In a bid to compare the bacteriological quality of two irrigation water sources as well as whether irrigation water was a source of bacterial pathogens on irrigated lettuce, this study was designed and divided into two phases. Phase one involved determination of physico-chemical parameters and bacterial indicators in the Loskop canal, the Skeerpoort river and lettuce irrigated with water from the Skeerpoort river over 10 months. Co-currently the study further determined the diversity of the most prevalent bacterial microflora in the 3 sample sources over the same time period. Aerobic colony counts (ACC), Aerobic spore formers (ASF), Anaerobic spore formers (AnSF), Faecal coliforms (FC), Intestinal enterococci (IE) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) were determined. Additionally the most prevalent aerobic bacterial species isolated from the three sources were determined. Higher mean rainfall was noted in areas surrounding the Skeerpoort river (74.7mm) than the Loskop canal (0.1mm). Mean temperature was 15.4˚C and 18.2˚C while mean pH was 7.4 and 8.4 in the Loskop canal and the Skeerpoort river respectively. Low mean bacterial counts of less than 3.4 log10cfu/ml, were noted for ACC, ASF, AnSF, S. aureus and IE at both irrigation sites. Higher mean ACC of 5.9 log10cfu/g and S. aureus counts of 3.0 log10cfu/g were noted on lettuce. Although low mean counts of FC (1.3 log10cfu/100ml) were noted for all three sources, high incidence of E. coli was observed during bacterial composition studies on nonselective media. This suggested underestimation of faecal contamination possibly indicating that identification of specific pathogens provided a better measure of assessing bacterial contamination than bacterial indicators. E. coli, Bacillus spp and Enterobacter spp were the most prevalent bacteria in the Loskop canal, the Skeerpoort river and on lettuce. Prevalence of E. coli, Bacillus spp and Enterobacter spp in the Loskop canal was 23%, 33% and 26% respectively. Similarly prevalence in the Skeerpoort river was 36%, 26%, 16% respectively. On lettuce prevalence of the same bacteria was 36%, 30% and 6% respectively. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated at both irrigation sites while Salmonella enterica (gp 1) ST paratyphi A was isolated from the Skeerpoort river. High prevalence of similar bacterial species within the Loskop canal and the Skeerpoort river suggested similar sources of contamination in the two water sources inspite of different geographical location and surrounding land use practices. Additionally, similar bacterial species in irrigation water from the Skeerpoort river and on irrigated lettuce suggested water as a source of contamination on produce. Additionally it suggests ability of bacterial pathogens to withstand environmental conditions under field conditions which may pose a risk to food safety and public health among individuals consuming irrigated fresh produce. Phase 2 aimed at determining the prevalence of antibiotic resistant and virulent E. coli collected from the Loskop canal, the Skeerpoort river and lettuce irrigated with water from the Skeerpoort river. Forty one (41) E. coli isolates: (19) Loskop canal; (12) the Skeerpoort river; (10) lettuce were tested with 11 antibiotics at single concentrations and screened for Shigatoxin 1 (stx 1), Shigatoxin 2 (stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Antibiotic resistance was also used as a means of clustering E. coli isolated from the 3 sources. In the Loskop canal 84% and 83% of strains in the Skeerpoort river were resistant to at least one antibiotic. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in resistance to antibiotics between isolates from the Loskop canal and the Skeerpoort river. Additionally the combined effect of isolate source (irrigation water site) and antibiotics for isolates from the Skeerpoort river was significant (p≤0.05). From lettuce, 90% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and resistance significantly differed (p≤0.05) from isolates in the Skeerpoort river. The highest resistance to single antibiotics in all three samples was to cephalothin and ampicillin. Higher resistance was noted to multiple (more than 2) antibiotics in the Skeerpoort river (33%) than Loskop canal (5%). Most isolates from the same source showed close relatedness. Close relatedness was noted between isolates from the Loksop canal (10.5%) and the Skeerpoort river (16%). From irrigated lettuce 40% of isolates showed close relatedness to isolates in irrigation water from the Skeerpoort river. In the Loskop canal 15% and 41% of isolates in the Skeerpoort river possessed virulence genes. From lettuce, 20% of isolates possessed virulence genes. In the Loskop canal as well as from lettuce all isolates with virulence genes were antibiotic resistant while 80% of isolates with virulence genes in the Skeerpoort river were antibiotic resistant. In the Loskop canal 10% and 25% of isolates in the Skeerpoort river were positive for stx1/stx2 and eae, genes synonymous with Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Results from this study show that E. coli from the two irrigation water sources as well as on irrigated lettuce were resistant to antibiotics and potentially pathogenic. This may increase risk of contaminating irrigated fresh produce which may compromise food safety and public health of consumers. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Food Science / unrestricted

Na atualidade, as questões relacionadas ao monitoramento da qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano, têm sido motivo de preocupação nos países de todos os continentes. No Brasil, no início do século XIX, houve uma melhoria da infraestrutura das redes de abastecimento público de água, no entanto, diante das intermitências do fornecimento surgiu a necessidade da utilização de reservatórios de água para suprir a demanda diária de consumo, principalmente nas áreas urbanas. Os reservatórios podem garantir a quantidade de água necessária diariamente, porém a ausência de cuidados mínimos com a limpeza e manutenção destes recipientes podem prejudicar a qualidade da água a ser consumida. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar as condições microbiológicas e físico-químicas da água do reservatório de 217 domicílios e de 23 Unidades Básicas de Saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, a fim de se obter informações sobre a condição sanitária da água consumida após o armazenamento, bem como as ações da população relacionadas à manutenção dos reservatórios domésticos. Foram realizadas análises bacteriológicas, utilizando-se a Técnica de Tubos Múltiplos com substrato cromogênico; análise parasitológica a partir da sedimentação espontânea e análise para metais através de Espectroscopia com Plasma Induzido-Espectroscopia de Massa. A partir da coleta de dados foi evidenciado que a população tem informações sobre a necessidade da limpeza do reservatório domiciliar, porém não a realiza no período recomendado, apesar da água armazenada neste local ser comumente utilizada para atividades de higiene pessoal e limpeza doméstica. Os resultados das análises e os testes estatísticos revelaram valores que se enquadram aos parâmetros recomendados pela Portaria 518/2004 do Ministério da Saúde. A água do município é proveniente de um manancial subterrâneo e o monitoramento de suas características é realizado periodicamente pela instituição municipal responsável pelo abastecimento público e esses fatores têm colaborado para a manutenção da qualidade da água fornecida em Ribeirão Preto-SP. O uso rotineiro da água do reservatório diminui o tempo de armazenamento, mantendo condições sanitárias adequadas, no entanto, a população necessita ser sensibilizada sobre a importância da limpeza e manutenção dos recipientes para garantir o consumo de água segura, evitando riscos à saúde da população. / Issues related to the monitoring of the quality of water destined for human consumption have been a concern around the world. The public water supply infrastructure was improved in Brazil at the beginning of the 19th century, however intermittent water supply requires the use of water reservoirs to meet the demand of daily consumption, especially in urban areas. Reservoirs can ensure the quantity of daily water requirements, but a lack of minimum care concerning cleaning and maintenance of such reservoirs may threaten the quality of water to be consumed. This study evaluated the microbiological and physiochemical conditions of water in the reservoirs of 217 houses and 23 Primary Health Units in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil to obtain information concerning the sanitary condition of water consumed after storage, as well as actions on the part of the population related to the maintenance of domestic reservoirs. Bacteriological analyses were performed using the Multiple Tube method with a chromogenic substrate; parasitological analysis based on spontaneous sedimentation and analysis of metals through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The data collections revealed that the population is aware of the need to clean house reservoirs. However, they do not perform it within the recommended period, even though they use the water stored for personal hygiene and domestic cleansing. The results of the analyses and statistical tests revealed values that fall within the parameters recommended by Ministry of Health Decree 518/2004. The water in the city comes from an underground spring and the company responsible for the city\'s public supply monitors its characteristics periodically; factors that collaborate in the maintenance of the quality of the water supplied in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. The routine use of water from the reservoir reduces the storage time keeping appropriate sanitary conditions. The population, though, needs to be regularly sensitized of the importance of cleaning and maintaining this reservoir to ensure safe water consumption and to avoid risks to the health of population.

Lui Yuk Sun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Abberviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xiv / List of Figures --- p.xvi / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Bacteriological evaluation of water --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Indicator organisms for water quality monitoring --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Properties defined for indicator organisms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Example of common indicator organisms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3.1. --- Total coliform group --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3.2. --- "Fecal coliform, Escherichia coli" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.3. --- Fecal Streptococcus --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3.4. --- Klebsiella --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- The need for specific detection of waterborne pathogenic organisms --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3. --- Common water-borne pathogenic organisms --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Bacteria --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1.1. --- Escherichia coli 0157:H7 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1.2. --- Salmonella typhimurium --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Legionella pneumophila --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Protozoa --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Viruses --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4. --- Conventional approaches for pathogens detection --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Examples of conventional detection methods --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Problems related to the conventional detection methods --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5. --- Novel approaches for pathogens detection --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Modifications of media --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Antibody-based methods --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Nucleic acid-based methods --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6. --- Principles of pathogens concentration by filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7. --- Principles of pathogens detection by polymerase chain reaction --- p.24 / Chapter 1.8. --- Principles of quantitative assay of water-borne pathogens using real-time PCR --- p.26 / Chapter 1.9. --- Aims of this study --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- Detection of water-borne bacteria by polymerase chain reaction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bacterial strains --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- DNA extraction and purification --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.1. --- Boiling method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.2. --- Protinesae K extraction method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.3. --- Chelex extraction method --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Targeted sequences --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.1. --- eaeA gene --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.2. --- mdh gene --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.3. --- flaR gene --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- PCR amplification --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.6. --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Optimization of the PCR --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Sensitivity of PCR detection --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Boiling method --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Proteinease K method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2.3. --- Chelex method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Specificity of PCR detection --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3.1. --- primers targeted uidA gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3.2. --- primers targeted mdh gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3.3. --- primers targeted flaR gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4. --- Discussion --- p.57 / Chapter 3. --- Concentration and separation of water-borne bacteria by two-step-filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Bacterial strains --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Filtration --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.1. --- Antibodies and Magnetic beads --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.2. --- Binding of antibodies to magnetic beads --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.3. --- Immunomagnetic separation of bacteria in seeded samples --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Determine the efficiency of filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.6. --- DNA extraction --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.7. --- Multiplex PCR --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.8. --- PCR amplification --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.9. --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Efficiency of filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Detection limit of PCR --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.1. --- Filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.2. --- Influence of background flora --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Shing Mun River and Lam Tsuen River --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Multiplex PCR --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4. --- Discussion --- p.91 / Chapter 4. --- Quantitative assay of water-borne pathogens using real-time PCR --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Bacteria strains --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Primers and Probes --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.3.1. --- eaeA gene --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.2. --- mdh gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.3.3. --- flaR gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Targeted sequences cloning and sequencing --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.4.1. --- Amplication of targeted sequence by PCR --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.4.2. --- Purification of PCR product --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4.3. --- Ligation with cloning vector --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4.4. --- Transformation of E.coli DH5a cells --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4.5. --- Plasmid DNA isolation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2.4.6. --- DNA quantitation and sequencing --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.5. --- Quantitation determination using real-time PCR --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3. --- Results --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Determination of targeted sequences --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Reading of fluorescence intensity and data analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Sensitivity of real-time PCR --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Specificity of real-time PCR --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.5. --- Quantitation analysis in seeded samples --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4. --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and future perspectives --- p.133 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.138

A prospective study was performed to evaluate a biological medication in the treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle. The study was divided into four parts; i) on farm evaluation of DD and treatment effects and comparison between the biological ointment and OTC-spray, ii) statistical evaluation, iii) histological examination using FISH and iv) microbiological examination and culture if bacteria found in biopsies from infected skin.