Thermosonic ball bonding is a key technology in electrical interconnections between an integrated circuit and an external circuitry in microelectronics. Although this bonding process has been extensively utilised in electronics packaging industry, certain fundamental aspects behind all the practice are still not fully understood. This thesis is intended to address the existing knowledge gap in terms of bonding mechanisms and interfacial characteristics that are involved in thermosonic gold and copper ball bonding on aluminium pads. The research specifically targets the fine pitch interconnect applications where a thin metal wire of approximately 20 µm in diameter is commonly used. In thermosonic ball bonding process, a thin gold or copper ball formed at the end of a wire is attached to an aluminum pad through a combination of ultrasonic energy, pressure and heat, in order to initiate a complex solid-state reaction. In this research, the mechanisms of thermosonic ball bonding were elaborated by carefully examining interfacial characteristics as the results of the bonding process by utilising dual-beam focused ion beam and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, including the breakdown of the native alumina layer on Al pads, and formation of initial intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The effect of bonding parameters on these interfacial behaviours and bonding strength is also investigated in order to establish an inter-relationship between them. Interfacial evolution in both Au-Al and Cu-Al bonds during isothermal annealing in the temperature rage from 175ºC to 250ºC was investigated and compared. The results obtained demonstrated that the remnant alumina remains inside IMCs and moves towards the ball during annealing. The IMCs are formed preferentially in the peripheral and the central areas of the bonds during bonding and, moreover, they grow from the initially formed IMC particles. Growth kinetics of Cu-Al IMCs obey a parabolic growth law before the Al pad is completely consumed. The activation energies calculated for the growth of CuAl2, Cu9Al4 and the combination (CuAl2 + Cu9Al4) are 60.66 kJ/mol, 75.61 kJ/mol, and 65.83 kJ/mol, respectively. In Au-Al bonds, Au-Al IMC growth is controlled by diffusion only at the start of the annealing process. A t^0.2-0.3 growth law can be applied to the Au-Al IMC growth after the Al pad is depleted. The sequence of IMC phase transformation in both Au-Al and Cu-Al bonds were investigated. Voids in Au-Al bonds grow dramatically during annealing, however, only a few voids nucleate and grow very slowly in Cu-Al bonds. The mechanisms of void formation, including volumetric shrinkage, oxidation and metal diffusion were proposed and discussed.

Harsh environment acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave sensing applications often benefit from placing the sensor in a remote and more benign physical location by using waveguides to transmit elastic waves between the structural location under test and the transducer. Waveguides are normally designed to have high fidelity over broad frequency ranges to minimize distortion - often difficult to achieve in practice. This thesis reports on an examination of using nonlinear ball chain waveguides for the transmission of acoustic emission and ultrasonic waves for the monitoring of thermal protection systems undergoing severe heat loading, leading to ablation and similar processes. Experiments test the nonlinear propagation of solitary, harmonic and mixed harmonic elastic waves through a copper tube filled with steel and elastomer balls and various other waveguides. Triangulation of pencil lead breaks occurs on a steel plate. Data are collected concerning the usage of linear waveguides and a water-cooled linear waveguide. Data are collected from a second water-cooled waveguide monitoring Atmospheric Reentry Materials in UVM's Inductively-Coupled Plasma Torch Facility. The motion of the particles in the dimer waveguides is linearly modeled with a three ball and spring chain model and the results are compared per particle. A theoretical nonlinear model is presented which is capable of exactly modeling the motion of the dimer chains. The shape of the waveform propagating through the dimer chain is modeled in a sonic vacuum. Mechanical pulses of varying time widths and amplitudes are launched into one end of the ball chain waveguide and observed at the other end in both time and frequency domains. Similarly, harmonic and mixed harmonic mechanical loads are applied to one end of the waveguide. Balls of different materials are analyzed and discriminated into categories. A copper tube packed with six steel particles, nine steel or marble particles and a longer copper tube packed with 17 steel particles are studied with a frequency sweep. The deformation experienced by a single steel particle in the dimer chain is approximated. Steel ball waveguides and steel rods are fitted with piezoelectric sensors to monitor the force at different points inside the waveguide during testing. The corresponding frequency responses, including intermodulation products, are compared based on amplitude and preloads. A nonlinear mechanical model describes the motion of the dimer chains in a vacuum. Based on the results of these studies it is anticipated that a nonlinear waveguide will be designed, built, and tested as a possible replacement for the high-fidelity waveguides presently being used in an Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch facility for high heat flux thermal protection system testing. The design is intended to accentuate acoustic emission signals of interest, while suppressing other forms of elastic wave noise.

Titel: The relationship of chosen factors between the game performance and the length of an active action of women handball players Objectives: We have determined two purposes. The first goal was to detect the composition of players according to the career's lenght during the period 2000-2010, then we were interested in composition of players in teams which had regularly participated on every championships during the same period. The second one was to find out the influence of the cereer's lenght of regularly participating teams on chosen coefficinets of game performance. Methods: We used quantitative colection/summary which can be found on websides of each championship as a source. The lenght of career is defined by the repetitive number of starts. We used the corelation method to determine the influence of career's lenght on the chosen coefficinets of game performance. All the informations are prepared in Microsoft Excel and the results are transfered into graphs and numbers. Results: In our project we found out that women players are participating most often on 1 or 2 championships. The career's leght has only tiny influence on two coefficients of game performance. Specifically it was the number of catched balls and also the number of dropped balls. We found out little differences by analysing...

This diploma thesis "The volleyball training for children", in its first theoretical part, aims at making readers acquainted with basic volleyball terminology that is connected with children of primary school age. It brings a listing of information important to training of children, which is specially focused on volleyball. It could be useful and helpful to coaches or physical education teachers. The goal of the experimental part of this thesis is to make a training program for all-round motor skills development, volleyball skills development and a positive relationship with volleyball for primary school age children. This program should have a respect to age specific needs of children and focus on their motor skills and play activities comparison and define their volleyball potential. It should find out about an awareness that children have about minivolleyball. This thesis submits the document that is applicable in single training units for primary school age children that begin with volleyball for 5 months. It also helps to define a level of their volleyball potency. Key words volleyball, minivolleyball, child, player, training, ball

The aim of the Thesis is to determine the influence of technical analysis to the profitability of shares by O2 Telefónica, Komerční banka and ČEZ whan applied to a predeterminated trading model and judge the validity of Efective Markets Theory. It will be also followed up the influence of trading signals of technical indicators on the shape and characteristics of conditional distribution set by those signals. The Crystal Ball was used as the main software tool. This software dispose of all tools necesarry for the analysis. There is also desribed the theoretical background of areas like shares, technical analysis, random quantity distribution, generating of random numbers and other related areas in the Thesis, so the reader who does not understand the problemacy could understand the best.

Thesis advisor: Zhifeng Ren / Solid-state cooling and power generation based on thermoelectric effects are attractive for a wide range of applications in power generation, waste heat recovery, air-conditioning, and refrigeration. There have been persistent efforts on improving the figure of merit (ZT) since the 1950's; only incremental gains were achieved in increasing ZT, with the (Bi1-xSbx)2(Se1-yTey)3 alloy family remaining the best commercial material with ZT ~ 1. To improve ZT to a higher value, we have been pursuing an approach based on random nanostructures and the idea that the thermal conductivity reduction that is responsible for ZT enhancement in superlattices structures can be realized in such nanostructures. The synthesis and characterization of various nanopowders prepared by wet chemical as well as high energy ball milling methods will be discussed in this dissertation. The solid dense samples from nanopowders were prepared by direct current induced hot press (DC hot press) technique. The thermoelectric properties of the hot pressed samples have been studied in detail. By ball milling ingots of bulk alloy crystals and hot pressing the nanopowders, we had demonstrated a high figure-of-merit in nanostructured bulk bismuth antimony telluride. In this dissertation, we use the same ball milling and hot press technique, but start with elemental chunks of bismuth, antimony, and tellurium to avoid the ingot formation step. We show that a peak ZT of about 1.3 can be achieved. Our material also exhibits a ZT of 0.7 at 250 °C, close to the value reached when ingot was used. This process is more economical and environmentally friendly than starting from bulk alloy crystals. The ZT improvement is caused mostly by the low thermal conductivity, similar to the case using ingot. Transmission electron microscopy observations of the microstructures suggest that the lower thermal conductivity is mainly due to the increased phonon scattering from the high density grain boundaries and defects. The performance of thermoelectric materials is determined by its dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT) which needs to be optimized within a specific temperature range for a desired device performance. Hence, we show that by varying the Bi/Sb ratio, the peak ZT can be shifted to a higher or lower temperature for power generation applications or a cooling mode operation. A peak ZT of about 1.3 is achieved from a Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 composition which is highest among the different compositions. These nanostructured bulk samples have a significantly low lattice thermal conductivity compared to the bulk samples due to the increased phonon scattering in the grain boundaries and defects. This study shows that Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 may potentially perform better for cooling devices, while Bi0.3Sb1.7Te3 should be able to show better power generation efficiency. Several issues related to accurate measurement of thermoelectric properties were identified and many of them were solved during my studies and these are discussed in this thesis. With the data we obtained, it is clear that nanopowder-based thermoelectric materials hold significant promise. Therefore, a review of synthesis of nanostructured materials by solution-based methods, including a hydrothermal process for the Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Bi2Te2.25Se0.75 nanoparticles, a solvothermal route for Sb2Te3 nanostructures, and a polyol process for the preparation of Bi nanostructures is presented in this dissertation. These new nanostructures may find applications in enhancing the thermoelectric performance. Although small sized and well dispersed nanopowders of various thermoelectric materials could be prepared by a solution method in large scale, contamination and partial oxidation are always big challenges in a chemical approach. Hence, a high energy ball milling technique to prepare thermoelectric nanopowders in large scale and without major contamination is still found to be more efficient and preferred. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Physics.

A área de monitoração e diagnóstico vem apresentando um acentuado desenvolvimento nos últimos anos com a introdução de novas técnicas de diagnóstico bem como vem contando com a contribuição dos computadores no processamento das informações e das técnicas de diagnósticos. A contribuição da inteligência artificial na automatização do diagnóstico de defeito vem se desenvolvendo continuamente e a crescente automação na indústria vêm de encontro a estas novas técnicas. Na área nuclear, é crescente a preocupação com a segurança nas instalações, e têm sido procuradas técnicas mais eficazes para aumentar o nível de segurança [59]. Algumas usinas nucleares já possuem instaladas, em algumas máquinas, sensores que permitem a verificação de suas condições operacionais. Desta forma, este trabalho também pode colaborar nesta área, ajudando no diagnóstico das condições de operação das máquinas, mais especificamente, no diagnóstico das condições dos rolamentos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é detectar e classificar os tipos de defeitos apresentados pelos rolamentos analisados e para tal desenvolveu-se uma nova técnica de extração de característica dos sinais de aceleração, baseando-se no Zero Crossing da Transformada de Wavelet contribuindo com o desenvolvimento desta dinâmica área. Como técnica de inteligência artificial foi utilizada a Lógica Paraconsistente Anotada com dois valores (LPA2v), oferecendo a sua contribuição na automação do diagnóstico de defeitos, pois esta lógica pode tratar inclusive de resultados contraditórios que as técnicas de extração de características possam apresentar. Foi desenvolvido um programa de computador onde varias técnicas de extração de características foram utilizadas para realização de diagnóstico das condições de operação dos rolamentos. Este programa foi testado através de dados experimentais obtidas em uma bancada de ensaios para rolamentos onde defeitos previamente conhecidos foram utilizados para avaliar o desempenho das novas técnicas utilizadas. Este trabalho também se concentrou na identificação de defeitos em sua fase inicial procurando utilizar acelerômetros, pois são sensores robustos, de baixo custo e facilmente encontrados na indústria em geral. Os resultados deste trabalho foram obtidos através da utilização de um banco de dados experimental e verificou-se que os resultados de diagnósticos de defeitos mostraramse bons para defeitos em fase inicial. / The monitoring and diagnosis area is presenting an impressive development in recent years with the introduction of new diagnosis techniques as well as with the use the computers in the processing of the information and of the diagnosis techniques. The contribution of the artificial intelligence in the automation of the defect diagnosis is developing continually and the growing automation in the industry meets this new techniques. In the nuclear area, the growing concern with the safety in the facilities requires more effective techniques that have been sought to increase the safety level. Some nuclear power stations have already installed in some machines, sensors that allow the verification of their operational conditions. In this way, the present work can also collaborate in this area, helping in the diagnosis of the operational condition of the machines. This work presents a new technique for characteristic extraction based on the Zero Crossing of Wavelet Transform, contributing with the development of this dynamic area. The technique of artificial intelligence was used in this work the Paraconsistente Logic of Annotation with Two values (LPA2v), contributing with the automation of the diagnosis of defects, because this logic can deal with contradictory results that the techniques of feature extraction can present. This work also concentrated on the identification of defects in its initial phase trying to use accelerometers, because they are robust sensors, of low cost and can be easily found the industry in general. The results obtained in this work were accomplished through the use of an experimental database, and it was observed that the results of diagnoses of defects shown good results for defects in their initial phase.

Neste trabalho, investigou-se a elaboração mecânica do composto intermetálico TiFe por moagem de bolas com alta energia. Uma forte aderência do material moído, particularmente nas paredes do recipiente de moagem, foi o principal problema verificado com tempos de moagem superiores a 1 hora (moinho agitador). Tentativas para resolver este problema foram realizadas inicialmente com o emprego de agentes controladores de processo (ACPs), como etanol, ácido esteárico, polietileno de baixa densidade, benzeno e ciclohexano, em diferentes quantidades (1 a 20% em massa) e tempos (1 a 40 h), mantendo-se constantes outros parâmetros de moagem como a razão bola:pó em massa (10:1) e o tamanho das bolas (=7mm). Os rendimentos mais elevados (em termos da massa de pó não aderido) foram obtidos quando se utilizaram grandes quantidades de benzeno e ciclohexano (101 e 103% em massa, respectivamente), porém com a formação de TiC ao invés de TiFe em razão da decomposição do ACP e reação do carbono com as partículas de titânio. As moagens foram realizadas posteriormente sem o emprego de qualquer ACP e também utilizando um moinho planetário. Várias estratégias foram investigadas para se tentar mitigar a aderência incluindo-se: (a) moagem de uma pequena quantidade da mistura de pós de Ti e de Fe, revestindo as paredes do recipiente e as bolas de moagem, antes da moagem da carga principal, (b) moagem pausada com aberturas intermediarias do recipiente em atmosfera ambiente, (c) moagem pausada para rotação e inversão da posição do recipiente de moagem (apenas no moinho agitador), (d) moagem isolada dos pós de Ti e de Fe, antes da moagem da mistura, e (e) moagem do pó de Fe com o Ti hidretado. Os melhores resultados, em termos de diminuição da aderência combinada com a formação majoritária do composto TiFe durante a moagem, foram obtidos quando se adotou o procedimento de inversão/rotação, juntamente com o processo de revestimento preliminar do recipiente e das bolas de moagem (26% em massa). Rendimentos maiores foram obtidos com a utilização do TiH2 no moinho planetário, porém sem a formação majoritária do TiFe durante a moagem. / In this work an investigation on the mechanical alloying of the intermetallic compound TiFe by high-energy ball milling was conducted. Strong adherence of milled material, particularly at the vial walls, was seen to be the main problem at milling times higher than 1 hour (shaker mill), hindering the compound synthesis. Attempts to prevent this problem were accomplished first by adding different process control agents (PCAs), like ethanol, stearic acid, low density polyethylene, benzene and cyclohexane at variable quantities (1 to 20 wt. %) and times (1 to 40 h), keeping constant other milling parameters like ball to powder mass ratio (10:1) and balls size (=7mm). Highest yields (related to the non adhered powder) were attained with larger amounts of benzene and cyclohexane (101 and 103 wt. %, respectively), but with TiC formation during milling instead of TiFe due to the PCA decomposition and the reaction of the carbon with and titanium particles. Milling was conducted further without adding any PCA and also using a planetary ball mill. Several strategies were tried to avoid or minimize the adherence including: (a) milling of a small quantity of the Ti and Fe powder mixture, dirtying the vial walls and the balls surfaces before milling the main charge, (b) stepwise milling with intermediate openings of the vial in air, (c) stepwise milling with the rotation and the inversion of the vial position between the steps (only in the shaker mill), (d) milling Ti and Fe powders (apart from each other) before milling the mixture of them, and (e) milling Fe powder with Ti hydride powder. Best results concerning both yield and major TiFe formation during milling were verified with the rotation/inversion procedure combined with preliminar dirtying of the vial and balls (26 wt.% in the shaker mill). Higher yields could be attained by using TiH2 powder in the planetary mill, but with no major TiFe formation during milling.

A Coligay é uma torcida do Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense que esteve em atividade entre 1977 e os primeiros anos de 1980. Como o nome indica, essa torcida era formada predominantemente por homens identificados como gays, o que já parece ser motivo de surpresa e curiosidade no contexto futebolístico brasileiro, no qual a heterossexualidade, mais do que tomada como norma, é enfatizada como valor. Mas esse agrupamento fez-se notório não (apenas) porque explicitava a homossexualidade de seus integrantes em sua retórica, mas, sobretudo, porque fazia de tal identidade sexual o norteador da performance estética do grupo nas arquibancadas. Uma vez extinta, a torcida caiu em esquecimento, ausente em grande parte dos registros da história do Grêmio e da memória de muitxs torcedorxs. Recentemente, a Coligay tem retornado à visibilidade com destaque à produção de um livro, um documentário e reportagens, além da presença da torcida em um painel no Museu do Grêmio. Tendo esse cenário em vista, esta tese tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a trajetória e memória da torcida Coligay, dando destaque às tensões referentes a gênero e sexualidade que emergem a partir da presença de um coletivo afirmadamente gay no universo futebolístico. Para tal, me embaso na fundamentação teoria dos Estudos Queer. Utilizo como como fontes entrevistas realizadas na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da História Oral junto a integrantes da Coligay, outrxs torcedorxs do Grêmio, jornalistas, assim como ex-jogadores, dirigentes e funcionários do clube. Às fontes orais, acrescento fontes documentais, sendo elas: registros de periódicos, o acervo documental e iconográfico do Museu do Grêmio, livros que tratam da história do clube e artefatos culturais sobre a Coligay e o Grêmio, tais como notícias de sítios eletrônicos, publicações do Facebook e um documentário Identifiquei que houve, naquele período, um cenário de permissividade à formação da Coligay, assim como de outras “torcidas gays”, acompanhando movimentos potencialmente subversivos no campo da cultura. Ainda assim, a existência da Coligay foi possível diante de certas características e estratégias que contribuíram para sua aceitação. Evidenciei que a torcida possui inegável importância entre as torcidas gremistas, não apenas por refutar o suposto caráter universalmente cisheterossexual e viril do futebol, mas também pelo pioneirismo em diversas iniciativas de organização torcedora e performance nas arquibancadas. A Coligay serviu, também, como um espaço de sociabilidade de LGBTs que, através dela, se aproximaram e apropriaram do futebol. Apesar de sua performance torcedora, em muitos aspectos, ser similar àquela de outras torcidas, é recorrente que suas manifestações sejam marcadas pelo que as diferencia: a afeminação que atravessa suas gestualidades. Há constantes deslizamento entre o que entendem como masculinidades e feminilidades, ainda que dentro de limites que xs próprios integrantes se impõem, os quais necessariamente estão articulados à norma e às consequências concretas que sua ultrapassagem representaria. Por fim, lanço a hipótese de um deslocamento em curso sobre o significado da torcida - de “São bichas, mas são nossas” para a “Diversidade da alegria” – inserido em um projeto de afirmação de uma tradição de pluralidade no Grêmio. / Coligay is a group of supporters from Grêmio Foot-ball Porto Alegrense that was active between 1977 and the early 1980s. As their name indicates, this crowd was formed predominantly by men identified as gay, which already seems to be cause for surprise and curiosity in the Brazilian football context, in which heterosexuality, rather than taken as a norm, is emphasized as value. But this grouping became notorious not only because it exposed the homosexuality of its members in their rhetoric, but above all because it made such sexual identity the guiding force of the group's aesthetic performance in the stands. Once extinct, the crowd fell into oblivion, largely missing from the records of Grêmio´s history and the memory of many supporters. Recently, Coligay has returned to visibility, featuring the production of a book, a documentary and articles, besides the presence of the supporters in a panel in Grêmio´s Museum. With this scenario in view, this thesis aims to describe and analyze the trajectory and memory of the Coligay fans, highlighting the tensions related to gender and sexuality that emerge from the presence of an assertively gay collective in the football universe. To that end, I have grounded on the perspectives of the Queer Studies. I use as sources interviews conducted in the theoretical-methodological perspective of Oral History with members of Coligay, other supporters of Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, journalists, as well as former players, officials and employees of the club. To the oral sources, I add documentary sources, such as: periodicals, documentary and iconographic collection of Grêmio’s Museum, books dealing with the history of the club and cultural artifacts about Coligay and Grêmio, such as news from electronic sites, publications of Facebook and a documentary I identified that there was, in that period, a scenario of permissiveness to the formation of Coligay, as well as other “gay supporting groups”, accompanying potentially subversive movements in the field of culture. Nevertheless, the existence of Coligay was possible in the face of certain characteristics and strategies that contributed to its acceptance. I pointed out that the crowd has undeniable importance among Gremio’s supporting groups, not only for refuting the supposed universallity os cis/heterossexual and virile character of football, but also for the pioneering in several initiatives of supporter’s organization and performance in the football stands. Coligay also served as a space for sociability of LGBTs who, through it, approached and appropriated football. In spite of its supporting performance, in many ways, being similar to that of other fans, it is recurrent that its manifestations are marked by what differentiates them: the effeminacy that crosses its gestualities. There are constant slips between what they understand as masculinities and femininities, even within the limits that their own members impose themselves, which necessarily are articulated to the norm and the concrete consequences that their overtaking would represent. Finally, I propose the hypothesis of an ongoing shift over the meaning of the crowd - from “They are fags, but they are ours” to the “Diversity of Joy” - inserted in a project of affirmation of a tradition of plurality in Grêmio.

A área de monitoração e diagnóstico vem apresentando um acentuado desenvolvimento nos últimos anos com a introdução de novas técnicas de diagnóstico bem como vem contando com a contribuição dos computadores no processamento das informações e das técnicas de diagnósticos. A contribuição da inteligência artificial na automatização do diagnóstico de defeito vem se desenvolvendo continuamente e a crescente automação na indústria vêm de encontro a estas novas técnicas. Na área nuclear, é crescente a preocupação com a segurança nas instalações, e têm sido procuradas técnicas mais eficazes para aumentar o nível de segurança [59]. Algumas usinas nucleares já possuem instaladas, em algumas máquinas, sensores que permitem a verificação de suas condições operacionais. Desta forma, este trabalho também pode colaborar nesta área, ajudando no diagnóstico das condições de operação das máquinas, mais especificamente, no diagnóstico das condições dos rolamentos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é detectar e classificar os tipos de defeitos apresentados pelos rolamentos analisados e para tal desenvolveu-se uma nova técnica de extração de característica dos sinais de aceleração, baseando-se no Zero Crossing da Transformada de Wavelet contribuindo com o desenvolvimento desta dinâmica área. Como técnica de inteligência artificial foi utilizada a Lógica Paraconsistente Anotada com dois valores (LPA2v), oferecendo a sua contribuição na automação do diagnóstico de defeitos, pois esta lógica pode tratar inclusive de resultados contraditórios que as técnicas de extração de características possam apresentar. Foi desenvolvido um programa de computador onde varias técnicas de extração de características foram utilizadas para realização de diagnóstico das condições de operação dos rolamentos. Este programa foi testado através de dados experimentais obtidas em uma bancada de ensaios para rolamentos onde defeitos previamente conhecidos foram utilizados para avaliar o desempenho das novas técnicas utilizadas. Este trabalho também se concentrou na identificação de defeitos em sua fase inicial procurando utilizar acelerômetros, pois são sensores robustos, de baixo custo e facilmente encontrados na indústria em geral. Os resultados deste trabalho foram obtidos através da utilização de um banco de dados experimental e verificou-se que os resultados de diagnósticos de defeitos mostraramse bons para defeitos em fase inicial. / The monitoring and diagnosis area is presenting an impressive development in recent years with the introduction of new diagnosis techniques as well as with the use the computers in the processing of the information and of the diagnosis techniques. The contribution of the artificial intelligence in the automation of the defect diagnosis is developing continually and the growing automation in the industry meets this new techniques. In the nuclear area, the growing concern with the safety in the facilities requires more effective techniques that have been sought to increase the safety level. Some nuclear power stations have already installed in some machines, sensors that allow the verification of their operational conditions. In this way, the present work can also collaborate in this area, helping in the diagnosis of the operational condition of the machines. This work presents a new technique for characteristic extraction based on the Zero Crossing of Wavelet Transform, contributing with the development of this dynamic area. The technique of artificial intelligence was used in this work the Paraconsistente Logic of Annotation with Two values (LPA2v), contributing with the automation of the diagnosis of defects, because this logic can deal with contradictory results that the techniques of feature extraction can present. This work also concentrated on the identification of defects in its initial phase trying to use accelerometers, because they are robust sensors, of low cost and can be easily found the industry in general. The results obtained in this work were accomplished through the use of an experimental database, and it was observed that the results of diagnoses of defects shown good results for defects in their initial phase.