Title of the Thesis The Palynological Analysis of the Pollen Collected by Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) in the Prague-West Area Abstract This diploma thesis underlines the importance and significance of bee pasture. The first part of the thesis contains the presentation of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It also describes the structure of the pollen grain, pollen as such, and its use regarding bee nutrition, the factors determining bee harvest of pollen, the means of its collecting and the use of bee pollen and bee bread. Furthermore, there are characteristics of pollen pasture in the time of early spring, spring, summer, late summer and autumn. The second part is dedicated to the palynological analysis of the area of Prague-West, Úhonice. The diploma thesis contains the evaluation of the food offer for the bees from the aforementioned location, and the summary of pollen-yielding plants blooming between 1 April 2017 and 27 June 2017. The sampling of pollen balls, which had taken place within this time span, provided the initial information about the nutrition of bees as well as the data regarding the diversity of plant species in the chosen location. In total, the samples contained 98 kinds of plants, out of which 31 were dominantly present above the limit of 6 percent. The longest lasting source of pollen was...

Motivada pelos inúmeros desafios relacionados à exploração de petróleo na região do pré-sal, onde o ambiente agressivo aliado com a grande profundidade são fatores sempre presentes, a busca por materiais alternativos para aplicações em válvulas ganhou destaque. As válvulas subsea, essenciais para projetos de exploração nestas áreas são consideradas um desafio ainda maior. Dessa maneira, estudos e ensaios de desempenho em revestimentos anticorrosivos orgânicos nesse ambiente tornam-se necessários. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a resistência à corrosão e ao desgaste do revestimento anticorrosivo orgânico ECTFE (Halar®) para a aplicação em válvulas industriais do tipo esfera para operações subsea, através da realização de ensaios em corpos de prova e em protótipos, perante as condições simuladas do ambiente agressivo na qual deverão operar em conformidade com o programa de qualificação do revestimento D-SMA/ING/SPF/TCNA-14-00047. Para a realização dos ensaios, foram projetados sistemas de tubulações fechadas (loopings), nos quais os protótipos foram instalados. Os parâmetros de testes estabelecidos, assim como os dados monitorados pelos sensores instalados, foram coletados durante todo o período de teste. Os ensaios definidos para a avaliação do revestimento orgânico em protótipos foram: ciclos de pressão, circulação sob vazão, circulação com água arenosa e ensaios de corrosão com e sem defeito imposto no revestimento. Complementarmente, corpos de prova em escala reduzida foram submetidos a ensaio de adesão e de fadiga. Os resultados obtidos foram conclusivos e o revestimento mostrou-se resistente às condições impostas aos protótipos, uma vez que não foram detectadas descontinuidades consideradas relevantes segundo os critérios de aceitação pré-estabelecidos em procedimento. / The search for alternative materials for applications in valves has been highlighted motivated by the numerous challenges related to oil and gas in the pre-salt region, where the aggressive environment combined with great depth are always present factors. The subsea valves, essential for exploration projects in these areas, are considered an even bigger challenge, thus, studies and performance tests on organic anti-corrosion coatings in this environment become necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate resistance to corrosion and wear of organic anti-corrosion coating ECTFE (Halar®) for application of industrial ball valves for subsea operations, by conducting tests on specimens and prototypes, under simulated harsh environment conditions in which they should operate in accordance with the coating qualification program D-SMA / ING / SPF / TCNA-14-00047. Closed pipes systems are designed (loops) for the carrying out of the tests, in which the prototypes were installed. The set of test parameters as well as the monitored data by installed sensors were collected during the entire test period. The defined tests for the evaluation of the organic coating in prototypes were: pressure cycles, flow rate circulation, circulation in soapy water and corrosion tests with and without defects imposed in the coating. In addition, reduced specimens were submitted to adhesion and fatigue tests. The results were conclusive and the coating was resistant to the imposed conditions on prototypes, since relevant discontinuities were not detected according to pre-established acceptance criteria for the procedure.

Descrição: A rinossinusite fúngica (RSF) é uma infecção oportunística, caracterizada pela inflamação da mucosa nasal e dos seios paranasais. É considerada um problema emergente na clínica médica diária, com prevalência aumentada nas últimas décadas, com etiologia nos mais diversos fungos ubíquos. Objetivos: Este trabalho objetivou analisar todos os casos de RSF pertencentes ao banco de dados do Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, no período de 28 anos (1986-2014), relacionando-os com as características clínicas e epidemiológicas. Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi retrospectivo observacional, resultando em uma série de 82 casos, confirmados histopatologicamente e pelos exames micológicos para identificação de fungos, comparados-os com os achados nas imagens radiológicas. Resultados: Foram identificados 54 casos de RSF por aspergilose, com predominância do agente etiológico Aspergillus fumigatus (14/54), e 27 casos de RSF por fungos diferentes do gênero Aspergillus, com superioridade de isolamento de agentes responsáveis por hialohifomicoses (12/27). Configurado, nestes achados, o ineditismo de três casos em nosso meio, com destaque para o primeiro caso de RSF e infecção humana por Trichoderma asperellum. Conclusões: Estes achados representam a maior casuística brasileira identificada, podendo contribuir para uma melhor compreensão epidemiológica, melhorando os critérios de suspeição médica, refletindo na efetividade dos tratamentos, principalmente, no diagnóstico dos casos de RSF invasiva, com altas taxas de mortalidade. / Description: The fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is an opportunistic infection characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. It is considered an emerging problem in daily medical practice, with prevalence increased in recent decades, with etiology in diverse ubiquitous fungi. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze all cases of RSF belonging to the Mycology Laboratory of the database of the Brotherhood of the Santa Casa of Misericordia Porto Alegre during the period of 28 years (1986-2014), relating them with the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Methods: The study was observational retrospective, resulting in a series of 82 cases confirmed by histopathological and mycological examinations for identification of fungi, compared them with the findings on radiographs. Results: We identified 54 cases of aspergillosis by RSF, especially the etiologic agent Aspergillus fumigatus (14/54), and 27 cases of RSF different fungi Aspergillus, with insulation superiority of agents responsible for hyalohyphomycosis (12/27). Configured, these findings, the three cases unprecedented in our country, especially the first case of human infection with RSF and Trichoderma asperellum. Conclusions: These findings represent the largest identified Brazilian series and can contribute to a better epidemiological understanding, improving clinical suspicion criteria, reflecting the effectiveness of treatments, mainly in diagnosing cases of invasive RSF, with high mortality rates.

Diplomová práce se nejprve zabývá definováním základních pojmů z oblasti fiskální problematiky ? státní rozpočet, rozpočtový deficit a veřejný dluh. K provedení praktické části byly vybrány Irsko a Belgie, protože právě těmto státům se podařilo nejrazantněji snížit výši relativní váhy svého veřejného zadlužení v rámci zemí Evropské unie. Práce tak obsahuje popis vývoje hospodářství a nerovnováhy veřejných financí těchto států. K závěrečné analýze klíčových faktorů byly přibrány ještě Dánsko, jako třetí nejúspěšnější země, a Česká republika, která naopak představuje zástupce států s rostoucím poměrem veřejného zadlužení k HDP.

Předmětem diplomové práce je nastínit základy simulací, modelů hromadné obsluhy a fungování zákaznických center. V praktické části je použit k úpravě získaných dat software Crystal Ball, pro samotnou simulaci a analýzu Kontakt centra Karneval pak simulační program Simul8.

The thesis is focused on risk and uncertainty in decision theory. It introduces principles of choosing the best alternative in case of uncertainty and risk, as well as different ways how to quantify and manage the risk, therefore the risk management. The thesis also discusses simulation, definition of random numbers and generating of these numbers. Monte Carlo method is widely used in this area. One of the applications based on Monte Carlo method is Crystal Ball; detailed description of this application is also mentioned. At the close, an example of the capital project valuation is provided as the demonstration of Crystal Ball application.

Il ressort fréquemment des discours d’acteurs qu’une rencontre sportive n’est jamais gagnée d’avance et que partant, il n’y a pas, ou plus, de petites équipes, les adversaires étant toujours à « prendre au sérieux ». Si le football était un joueur de son propre sport, il ne dérogerait pas à ces aphorismes. Il l’aurait pu quand, accompagnant les débuts de la mondialisation, il marquait de son empreinte la géographie mondiale et nationale des foot-ball et dominait ses concurrents en termes de possession de l’espace. Mais le champ sportif s’est aujourd’hui diversifié en raison de la pluralité de ses pratiques comme celle de leurs modes d’organisation, et il lui apporte de nouveaux opposants ou renforce ses « vieux » challengeurs. De ce fait, un nouveau match a commencé, dont la géographie s’est emparée pour le commenter à sa main : c’est elle qui décide du résultat final, par ses concepts, ses méthodes et ses outils. La comparaison des diffusions, des logiques de localisation et des stratégies géomarketing du football, du futsal, du beach soccer et du football indoor se mue de la sorte en autant d’actions, d’occasions, de phases de jeu qui animent la rencontre de ces cultures sportives « balle au pied ». Celles-ci ne se jouent pas partout, ni au même endroit : leurs terrains ne se confondent pas. Et c’est à l’échelle urbaine que la tension de ce match atteint son paroxysme. Avec l’agglomération lilloise pour toile de fond, cette étude témoignera ainsi de l’implantation différenciée, hiérarchisée et segmentée des foot-ball dans l’espace géographique. / There are some lessons that can be taken out from discussions between a football game participants: no game is a sure thing, there are no small teams anymore, and you can’t underestimate the value of your opponents. If football was a player, he wouldn’t dismiss these aphorisms. Not anymore, because the time has passed when it could rely on its supremacy to turn away from these truths. As a pioneering sport, football has moved along with the early stages of globalisation and has heavily influenced the geography of worldwide and national football codes today: in terms of possession, football reigns over its competitors. However, the diversity of the field of sports, impacted by the variety of its activities and their organisations brings new contenders or strengthen its former challengers. In this way, geography finds an easy subject to discuss. With its concepts, methods and tools, geography decides on the final result. This contest is heightened by actions, big chances or plays which turned into expansion, location and geomarketing strategy of football, futsal, beach soccer and five-a-side football. These sporting cultures don’t play everywhere, neither do they play in the same place: their fields don’t collide. On a smaller scale, that of a city, the game’s tension reaches its climax. Focussed on metropolitan Lille, this study will support differentiated, ranked and segmented football codes in geographic space.

This thesis presents the first measurement of the d*(2380) (hexaquark) electromagnetic coupling, extracted from the deuteron photodisintegration (~γd → d* → ~np) reaction. The experiment was carried out at the Mainzer Microtron (MAMI) facility in the Institut für Kernphysik in Mainz, Germany. A racetrack microtron at the MAMI facility provided a 1557 MeV longitudinally polarised electron beam. This electron beam was directed onto a thin radiator to produce a bremsstrahlung photon beam. Diamond and amorphous (metallic) radiators were used to produce linearly and circularly polarised photons respectively. The produced bremsstrahlung photon beam was energy 'tagged' with a resolution of ~4 MeV over the photon-energy range of 150-1400 MeV using the Glasgow Photon Tagger. The tagged photons were incident on a 10 cm long liquid deuterium target. This target was surrounded by a new nucleon recoil polarimeter apparatus and placed within the Crystal Ball calorimeter at MAMI. An array of PbWO4 and BaF2 detectors (TAPS) was used to provide calorimetry at forward angles. The newly constructed large acceptance recoil polarimeter measures the polarisation of the nucleons in the final state. The combination of this new apparatus with the polarised photon beam facility gives access to a number of single and double polarisation observables. The photon beam asymmetry, Σ, and the double polarisation observable, Cx', were examined in measurements of the reaction d(→γ,→n→p) over a large range of energies with a close to full angular coverage. The observable Cx' is determined for the neutron produced in deuteron photodisintegration for the first time. The new data constrains mechanisms of deuteron photodisintegration and assesses the existence and contribution of the d*(2380) resonance.

Nos últimos anos é notável a preocupação mundial com o controle de taxas de emissões fugitivas em equipamentos instalados na indústria do petróleo e gás. Os prejuízos com a perda de produção e impacto ambiental direcionam as empresas do segmento a buscarem projetos mais eficientes, principalmente com relação às válvulas industriais, que são equipamentos utilizados para gerenciamento de fluidos com a função de bloquear, direcionar ou controlar o fluxo de determinado produto fluente em uma planta industrial. As emissões fugitivas são vazamentos de produtos químicos, que se apresentam para atmosfera de forma inesperada ou indesejada em equipamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um projeto de válvula industrial do tipo esfera para aplicações que requerem baixas emissões fugitivas. Inicialmente foram identificados e avaliados os requisitos apresentados na norma ISO 15848-1, quanto aos ensaios que devem ser executados em protótipo de válvula do tipo bloqueio para qualificação de projeto, onde foi possível elaborar um procedimento de ensaio. Foi realizado o dimensionamento dos sistemas de vedações para um protótipo de válvulas do tipo esfera, Top Entry, Trunnion, bitola NPS 4”, classe de pressão CL600, utilizando como padrões construtivos as normas API 6D, ASME B16.34 e ABNT NBR 15827. Fabricou-se um protótipo deste equipamento o qual foi utilizado na realização dos ensaios de qualificação do projeto. Foram realizados ciclos de abertura e fechamento do obturador da válvula, utilizando a pressão máxima de trabalho, conforme padrões construtivos e como fluido de teste foi utilizado o gás Hélio. Os ensaios foram realizados em uma câmara de ciclagem de válvulas instrumentada com um espectrômetro de massa de Hélio, onde foi possível monitorar e registrar os dados do ensaio, tais como: vazamentos, número de ciclos, pressão de teste, temperatura e torque durante os acionamentos da válvula. Os resultados obtidos com relação aos requisitos da norma ISO 15848-1 foram: número de ciclos 2500 atendendo a classificação CO3, classe de vazamento Classe B, temperatura de qualificação de -29 °C a 200 °C. Também foi realizado a qualificação Fire Test conforme norma ISO 10497 como complemento. Conclui-se que este trabalho atingiu os objetivos pré-estabelecidos quanto à homologação do protótipo e contribuiu com a preservação do meio ambiente, pois a concepção de projetos eficazes, que minimizam as taxas de poluição para a atmosfera, contribuí com a preservação dos ecossistemas. / In recent years is remarkable worldwide concern over control rates fugitive emissions in equipment installed in the oil and gas industry. The loss of production and environmental impact, leads segment companies to seek more efficient projects, mainly with respect to industrial valves, which are devices used for fluid management with the function to block, to direct or to control the flow of fluent product in an industrial plant. Fugitive emissions are leaks of chemicals which present themselves to atmosphere in a manner unexpected or undesired in equipment. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a model of industrial ball valve design for applications requiring low fugitive emissions. Initially were identified and assessed the requirements of ISO 15848-1 standard, how much to the appropriate tests to be executed on the prototype of block valve for qualification. It was possible to develop a test procedure. It was made the design of the seals systems for a ball valve prototype, type Top Entry, Trunnion, NPS 4", pressure class CL600. Was used API 6D, ASME B16.34 and NBR 15827 as construction standards. A prototype of this equipment has manufactured and used in the realization of design qualification tests. Were performed opening and closing cycles of the valve plug by using the maximum working pressure conform construction standards and was used Helium gas as test fluid. The tests were performed in a valve cycling chamber instrumented with a Helium mass spectrometer, where it was possible to monitor and record the test data as: leaks, number of cycles, pressure, temperature and torque for the valve actuators. The results obtained with respect to the ISO 15848-1 standard requirements were: number of cycles 2500 attending to CO3, classification leakage Class B, qualification temperature of -29 ° C to 200 ° C. It was also performed the qualification Fire Test ISO 10497 standard as a complement. In conclusion, this work has reached the pre-established objective about the approval of the prototype and contributed to the preservation of the environment, because the conception of effective projects that minimize pollution rates to the atmosphere, contributes to the preservation of ecosystems.

Les nombreuses pressions naturelles et anthropiques qui pèsent sur les écosystèmes coralliens font craindre leur disparition pour les années futures. Parmi les mesures de conservation, la cryoconservation permet de maintenir en sécurité les échantillons sur le long terme et à coût réduit. Les premiers travaux sur la cryoconservation des Anthozoaires incitent à développer davantage la méthode de vitrification plutôt que la congélation lente. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose d'expérimenter la technique de vitrification sur plusieurs formes pluricellulaires dont les apex, les planulae, les polypes primaires, les polypes isolés et les balles tissulaires (TB), toutes issues du Scléractiniaire Pocillopora damicornis. Les meilleurs résultats ont été produits avec les TB obtenues après exposition à une solution de KSW puis traitées selon la méthode V Cryo-plate. L'éthylène glycol (EG) s'est avéré le cryoprotecteur (CPA) le mieux toléré jusqu'à 4.0 M pendant 20 min à température ambiante (RT). Les mélanges binaires et ternaires de CPA ont cependant permis d'obtenir de meilleures tolérances des TB qu'avec les solutions individuelles. L'utilisation de solutions successives a permis d'obtenir des survies jusqu'à 4.5 M selon le protocole : 1.5 M EG + 0.5 M Glycérol (Gly) (5 min, RT) puis 1.5 M DMSO + 1.5 M EG + 1.5 M Gly (10 min, 0°C) et enfin 1.5 M EG + 0.5 M Gly (5 min, RT). L'intégrité des cellules épithéliales de l'ectoderme apparaît essentielle au maintien des TB durant et après les traitements. Si le protocole de vitrification n'a pu être mis au point, en revanche, l'utilisation des TB à des fins de cryoconservation apparaît très intéressante pour de futures investigations. / Numerous environmental and anthropic pressures threaten reef ecosystems, rising concerns on species loss in coming years. Among conservation measures, cryopreservation ensures the safe and cost-effective long-term conservation of biological material. The first publications focusing on Anthozoa cryopreservation reported that the vitrification approach was preferable to the slow-cooling approach. In this context, this thesis aimed at investigating a vitrification technique with several pluricellular forms of the Scleractinian Pocillopora damicornis including apexes, planulae, primary polyps, isolated polyps and tissue balls (TB). The best results were obtained using TBs produced by exposing coral branches to a KSW solution. TBs were cryopreserved using the V Cryo-plate method. The highest TB tolerance was obtained after exposure to solution containing ethylene glycol (EG) concentrated to 4.0 M for 20 min at room temperature (RT). Binary and ternary cryoprotectant (CPA) solutions were better tolerated by TBs compared with individual cryoprotectant solutions. Exposure of TBs to a series of cryoprotectant solutions with progressively increased concentration allowed obtaining TB tolerance to cryoprotectant with a concentration of 4.5 M with: 1.5 M EG + 0.5 M Glycerol (Gly) (5 min, RT), 1.5 M DMSO + 1.5 M EG + 1.5 M Gly (10 min, 0°C) and then 1.5 M EG + 0.5 M Gly (5 min, RT). Epithelial cells from the ectoderm were essential to maintain TB integrity during and following CPA treatments. Successful cryopreservation was not achieved in this work; however, it demonstrated that the use of TBs constitutes a promising way for further cryopreservation research.