The research examines how the banking sector in Zambia faired in the wake of the global financial crisis, and the ensuing global recession that followed. Even prior to the crisis, weaknesses within the Zambian Banking sector were already identified by a World Bank/IMF financial sector assessment. The research therefore aims to gain a better understanding of the potential destabilizing factors to the Zambia Banking sector, and provide key players (Policymakers, Regulators and Banks) with knowledge on how best to manage and overcome these adverse effects, in times of a financial crisis. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is estimated using commonly identified macroeconomic and banking sector indicators from selected Anglophonic African countries that were affected by the crisis at the time. The selected variables include, Return on Assets (ROA); Non-Performing Loans (NPL); Foreign Assets (FA); Interbank Lending Rate (IBLR); Liquidity (LQD); Credit to Private Sector (PRV); Foreign Exchange Rate (FOREX); Inflation (INFL); Copper Price (CU); and a ‘dummy’ variable (CRISIS). The direction of causality between the variables is further established using the VAR Granger Causality Test. Results of the model suggests that although the CRISIS was found to cause the ROA, it had no significant effect on its outcome, implying that overall the crisis had very little effect on the Zambian banking sector’s profitability. It was the liquidity (LQD) variable instead which was found to have a significant effect on the ROA. In times of a financial crisis, it is therefore recommended that policy makers and regulators apply more stringent regulatory and monetary policy instruments. This would counter the adverse effects on the liquidity and profitability of the Banking sector, and thus ensure its stability.

The role of the financial sector in helping an economy grow has been the subject of debate for a long time. Recently, however, consensus has been reached, through empirical evidence, showing the importance of financial sector development in achieving economic growth (ADB, 2009). Using the Global Financial Development Database (GFDD) model, the study done here will provide an analysis of financial sector development in Sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on economic growth, using data for 40 countries, in the years from 2000-2014. This analysis was done using a cross-sectional regression analysis of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with data provided from the World Bank. The regression shows significantly positive results between economic growth and firms using banks to finance investments, bank cost to income ratio and bank credit to bank deposits, while significantly negative results are shown in financial system deposits and stock market total value traded. However, seeing as financial sector development is diverse and dynamic, these measurements and the regression done here will not provide a comprehensive picture of the state of financial sector development in SSA.

The purpose of this thesis is to introduce and analyse the regulatory means of the so-called Chinese walls in banking sector. This is done by examining the Czech Banking Law, but also through comparison of the mechanism of Chinese walls to alternative methods of regulation, as well as by presenting of two practical studies dedicated to Chinese walls. As mentioned, the focus is placed on Czech legislation, however, we do not omit various alternative abroad regulatory approaches used in the past or indeed planned to be passed in the nearest future. The reason for the research is our interest in banking law and this form of regulation of insider trading. The thesis is composed of Introduction, three numbered chapters and Conclusion. Each of the chapters deals with different aspects of the thesis' topic. Introduction briefly explains the different issues that are to be discussed further. In Chapter One, we firstly explain our position on what indeed is the reason the Chinese walls have been introduced to the Czech legal system. After that, we mainly concentrate on the Czech banking legislation, thoroughly analysing its numerous legal aspects. In the end of this chapter, as the result of our analysis, we present our amended version of the law with the recommended changes. Chapter Two describes a brief...

FINANCIAL GEOGRAPHY - AN APPLICATION OF SELECTED CONCEPTS IN TERMS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract The aim of the thesis is to analyse the main trends of banking system in Czech Republic after 1989. It is primarily an analysis of centralised banking system, on the basis of which the potential regional impacts according to theory of regional segmentation of fiancial markets are tested. Based on the analysis of changes in the distribution of bank headquarters and the analysis of employment in financial sector it is clear, that in terms of the Czech Republic a highly concentrated banking system occured, which is moreover under the strong inluence of foreign capital. The study focused on testing the regional impacts of a centralized system through interviews with business owners in the peripheral region has not proved allegation of discrimination of entrepreneurs in such manner as we would expect according to the theory of regional segmentation of financial markets. However the study showed some problems with providing guarantees for bank loans in the periphery.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the trends related to the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) with emphasis on the CRM software. Essential trends were identified through professional analytical reports and dedicated servers. CRM trends were analysed from the time and factual perspective. The core purpose of this thesis was to evaluate possible business value of identified trends for businesses from a selected market segment. To fulfil this goal, the banking segment was chosen to be further analysed. The author of this thesis studied the extent of implementation of chosen trends in a real CRM implementation project executed in a bank operating on the market of Czech Republic. In the process, the set of interviews with "CRM in banking sector" professionals were completed to figure out how they are possibly appreciated by the whole banking sector. Through the responses of the chosen professionals, some trends characteristics were mainly followed. These were trend maturity (captured by slightly modified Gartner Hype Cycle) and trend business value (captured by defined numeral evaluation). An average evaluation of business value of each trend, done from various time perspectives, was displayed by two different tables, each grouping trends on the factual basis. Finally, trends business values were represented graphically to accent their possible progress as seen from the banking sector point of view and to provide users with a simple tool to confront their view with the view of the professionals. The tool mentioned allows users to focus on the trends that are likely to be very beneficial (according to the general opinion of the chosen professionals) and at the same time allows users to stay clear of the trends that don't promise much value for the banking sector, not even in the future.

The graduation thesis deals with employee working efficiency in the banking sector. In the first, empiric part, it focuses on motivation, the main instrument how to increase work efficiency. The other point of interest is manager that has the strongest influence on employees and organization making with its culture the right atmosphere for work of manager and employees. The second part is based on research in the field of increasing work efficiency, especially motivation of different bank institutions. Finally, it offers sugesstions how to enhance work efficiency in the banking sector.

The aim of this thesis is analysis of the impact of the financial and economic crisis on the Czech banking sector between 2008 and 2010. The theoretic section describes methods and technics of bank assessment based on financial indicators. The application section contains of analysis of the impacts on aggregate numbers of the Czech bank sector and the impacts on selected Czech banks. Conclusion of the thesis summarises individual impacts of the crises and explains their causes. In the end thesis results in comparison of performance between the Czech banks and their foreign owners.

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Esta pesquisa apresenta as vantagens competitivas de propriedade e de localização e as motivações na internacionalização bancária de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, abordando a internacionalização dos bancos americanos, alemães, ingleses, espanhóis, asiáticos em geral e chineses, além dos bancos brasileiros. O objetivo é compreender porque apenas quatro bancos brasileiros se internacionalizaram. Para tanto, foram pesquisados os conceitos de internacionalização, o papel dos centros de serviços financeiros, as características de internacionalização das empresas manufatureiras e do setor de serviços, além do paradigma eclético e do modelo de Uppsala. Dentre as muitas motivações e determinantes para a internacionalização bancária, constatou-se que, no Brasil, a quantidade total de bancos é pequena e os bancos nacionais compõem pouco mais da metade deste total. O número de bancos grandes é diminuto e são estes que normalmente se internacionalizam nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Ou ainda, em menor grau, os bancos pequenos e médios com nichos de especialização e competências para a internacionalização, o que não há no Brasil. O apoio governamental sob a forma de políticas, financiamentos, seguros e outros incentivos não existe para a internacionalização bancária e nem para a das empresas, de um modo geral. Faltaram os fatores propulsores do lado real da economia, como a exposição internacional do país através de exportações, participação em cadeias de valor globais e os investimentos diretos externos da indústria manufatureira. Aliada a todos estes fatores, a economia brasileira é voltada para o mercado doméstico. As elevadas taxas de juros e elevados spreads aumentam o custo de capital para bancos e empresas, o que, para os bancos, não incentiva a exportação de capital para países com taxas de juros menores porque o lucro é uma finalidade por si mesmo e o que importa é o retorno ajustado ao risco do capital. No mercado interno, a competição entre os bancos é acirrada, independentemente da origem do capital dos mesmos. No passado recente novos concorrentes surgiram, as fintechs, que operam com menos regulação do que os bancos, e cujos negócios tem crescido rapidamente. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada em fontes secundárias. / This research presents the competitive advantages of ownership and location and motivations in the banking internationalization of developed and developing countries, addressing the internationalization of American, German, English, Spanish, Asian and Chinese banks, as well as Brazilian banks. The purpose is to understand why only four Brazilian banks have internationalized. In order to do so, the concepts of internationalization, the role of financial services centers, the internationalization characteristics of manufacturing companies and the services sector, as well as the ecletic paradigm and the Uppsala model were researched. Among the many motivations and determinants for banking internationalization it has been verified that in Brazil the total number of banks is small and national banks make up slightly more than half of this total. The number of large banks is tiny and these are usually the banks that internationalize in developed and developing countries. Or, to a lesser degree, small and medium-sized banks with niches of specialization and skills for internationalization, which do not exist in Brazil. Government support in the form of policies, financings, insurance and other incentives does not exist for the internationalization of banks or for companies in general. There was a lack of drivers on the real side of the economy, such as the country\'s international exposure through exports, participation in global value chains and foreign direct investments of the manufacturing industry. Allied to these factors, the Brazilian economy is geared towards the domestic market. High interest rates and high spreads raise the cost of capital for banks and companies which, for banks, does not encourage the export of capital to countries with lower interest rates because profit is a purpose in itself and what counts is the risk ajusted return on capital. Locally, the competition amongst banks is fierce, regardless of their origin. In the recent past new competitors have emerged, fintechs, which operate with less regulation than banks and whose business has grown rapidly. This is a qualitative research based on secondary sources.

O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar se a Rentabilidade sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE) do setor bancário privado atuante no Brasil foi maior do que a dos setores não-financeiros privados no período de 1997 a 2004. Partiu-se de uma comparação geral para comparações mais detalhadas a fim de se chegar a respostas mais consistentes e verificar se o que vale para o todo vale para as partes que o compõem. Considerou-se tanto o ROE legal quanto o ROE ajustado pelos efeitos da inflação. Analisou-se também a rentabilidade dos cinco maiores bancos privados brasileiros comparativamente a seus pares de países desenvolvidos selecionados. Por fim, foi analisado se a rentabilidade auferida pelo setor bancário privado foi maior do que seu custo de capital próprio, ou seja, se seu spread econômico foi positivo.Utilizou-se, como medida para comparação, a média dos ROE’s e o seu desvio padrão. Para estimação do custo do capital próprio foi utilizado o CAPM tendo como benchmark as taxas dos EUA adaptadas ao risco Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que, na média, a rentabilidade do setor bancário privado foi maior do que a dos setores não-financeiros privados e apresentou menor volatilidade, tanto pelo ROE legal quanto pelo ROE ajustado pelos efeitos da inflação, neste caso, no entanto, as diferenças foram menores. Na comparação com os maiores bancos de países selecionados, evidenciou-se que o ROE médio dos maiores Bancos Privados brasileiros não destoa de seus pares de países desenvolvidos. Quanto à questão do spread econômico, considerou-se o ROE ajustado tanto pelo IGP-M quanto pelo IPCA. Em ambos os casos, o spread econômico do setor bancário privado só foi positivo em 1999. No período de 1997 a 2004, o spread econômico foi de –6,4%, quando se utilizou o IGP-M, e de -4,6%, quando se utilizou o IPCA. Concluindo, embora o setor bancário privado, na média, tenha apresentado Rentabilidade sobre o Patrimônio Líquido maior do que os setores privados não-financeiros privados, essa rentabilidade não foi suficiente para cobrir o custo do capital próprio. Dessa forma, na média, os Bancos não têm conseguido criar valor para os acionistas. / The objective of this thesis was to investigate if the return on equity (ROE) from the private banking sector that operates in Brazil was bigger than the non-financial private sectors in the period from 1997 to 2004. It began from a general comparison and evolved to more specific comparisons in order to reach more consistent answers and to analyze if what is true for the whole is true for the parts that complete it. It was considered both the legal ROE and the adjusted ROE by the inflation effects. It was also analyzed the ROE of the five largest Brazilian private banks comparatively to theirs peers from developed countries selected. At last, it was analyzed if the ROE of the private banking sector was bigger than its own capital cost, that is, if its economic spread was positive. It was used, as comparison measure, the average of the ROE’s and its standard deviation. The CAPM having as benchmark the USA rates adapted to the Brazil´s risk was used for estimating the cost of own capital. The results of the research showed that, on the average, the ROE of the private banking sector was bigger than the non-financial sectors and presented less volatility, as for the legal ROE as for the adjusted ROE by the inflation effects, in this case, however, the differences were lower. In the comparison with the biggest banks from selected countries, it was showed that the average ROE of the biggest Brazilian private banks wasn’t different from their developed countries peers. Regarding economic spread, it was considered as the ROE adjusted by the IGP-M as by the IPCA. In both cases the private banking sector economic spread was positive only in 1999. In the period from 1997 to 2004, the economic spread was –6,4%, when IGP-M was used, and –4,6%, when IPCA was used. To sum up, although the private banking sector, on the average, showed ROE bigger than the non-financial private sectors, this ROE was not enough to cover the own capital cost. In this way, on average, the banks have not created value for their stockholders.