The role of market accessibility and entry is the central theme of this dissertation. Two theoretical models of oligopoly theory are examined in a controlled laboratory market setting. Experimental testing of Contestability Theory is extended beyond the natural monopoly case and a "safe haven" provides subjects with a viable alternative to the "contestable" market. Evidence reported supports the conclusion that the contestable market is robust to the introduction of the alternate market. The theory of Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly is explored from a game theoretic perspective with special attention to buyer queuing rule assumptions. Experimental evidence underscores sensitivity of market outcomes to the queuing rule adopted. The presence of excess capacity relative to market demand tends to push theoretical Bertrand-Edgeworth equilibria toward competitive levels. This result is substantiated by experimental evidence and is independent of the queuing rule assumed. The similarity between the Bertrand-Edgeworth excess capacity case and a contestable natural monopoly market is investigated. The presence of excess capacity/potential entrants is shown to exert more downward pressure on observed laboratory market prices than the presence of additional competitors alone. This result is at odds with the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm. A herfindahl index calculated from experimental results has almost no power to predict market outcome.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-323). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-323). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-190).

The thesis is an ex-post assessment of two horizontal mergers motivated by the dearth in post-merger analyses in the South African context. The objective is to examine whether market dynamics have changed as stated by the Competition Tribunal. The main theories tested are whether the merged firm post-merger was able to exert market power unilaterally or in coordinated manner. These constructs are examined against the ability of customers to restrain market power, barriers to entry, the effect of the remedies imposed and the financial performance.The results reveal that the Tribunal leans towards the SCP doctrine and demonstrates the need for a dynamic approach in competitive assessments informed by understanding how competitors and customers may react to a merger. The research findings indicate that the Tribunal’s conclusions on both the Nampak/Burcap and Scaw/Ozz transactions were unproven, post-merger. The research also demonstrates the need and importance of ex-post evaluations to improve future decisions on mergers. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

by Fung Kin-piu, Ernest, Wong Yun-tak, Ted. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf 40. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / PREFACE --- p.v / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Literature Review --- p.2 / Early and Late Market Entry Decisions --- p.5 / The Hong Kong Situation --- p.5 / Chapter II. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.7 / Statement of Objectives --- p.7 / Research Design --- p.7 / Data Collection Method --- p.9 / Sampling --- p.10 / Chapter III. --- DATA ANALYSIS --- p.12 / Method of Analysis --- p.12 / Results --- p.14 / Distribution of Relative Weights in the sample --- p.14 / Result for H1 --- p.15 / Result for H2 --- p.15 / Result for H3 --- p.17 / Chapter IV. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.18 / Biases in Design Process --- p.18 / Biases in Data Collection --- p.19 / Biases in Data Analysis --- p.20 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION --- p.23 / Identification of Entry Barriers --- p.23 / Importance of Market Entry Barriers --- p.23 / Managerial Implications --- p.24 / APPENDIX --- p.28 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.40

Master thesis in marketing, 15 credits, School of business and economics, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 4FE02E, spring 2011 Author: Emma Johansson Tutor: Åsa Devine Title: Build it green – To create entry barriers with green marketing Background: In the beginning of the 21st century sustainability have become of higher importance for companies. One tool to manage sustainability is green marketing; an approach through which companies can gain competitive advantage. But is it possible to influence the market structure by using green marketing and is it possible to make it difficult for new actors to enter the market? Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate how companies can use green marketing to create entry barriers. Delimitations: This thesis is delimited to investigate the work of creating entry barriers, not to measure the effect of it. Furthermore the empirical research only includes companies on the Swedish market. Method: To investigate how companies use green marketing in relation to entry barriers today a quantitative approach was used and an electronic questionnaire was conducted. Conclusion: For established companies to protect their position on the market it is important to not only concentrate on the barriers most commonly related to green marketing. Rather green companies can establish a wide spectrum of barriers related to green marketing in order to make it more difficult for new entrants to establish themselves. Suggestions for further research: The next step to make within the field of green marketing as a barrier to entry is to investigate the effect of the barriers examined in this research. It is also necessary to do industry specific researches to investigate if some barriers are more important for certain industries. Keywords: Entry barriers, environmental commitment, green entry barriers, green marketing, strategic barriers to entry, structural barriers to entry, sustainability.

Background Through globalization, the world has changed a lot the latest decades and given people more freedom. Free trade is part of globalization and spreads prosperity and wealth. Sweden is a small and international economy and Brazil is a large and growing economy. More establishments of Swedish companies in the Brazilian market would benefit both Brazil and Sweden in many ways. Purpose The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of the barriers to entry that Swedish companies can face when they choose to establish themselves in the Brazilian market. Method This case study is deductive with a qualitative approach. We have conducted interviews on site in Brazil, with representatives from Swedish companies and organizations. The data from these interviews form the basis of our analysis. We chose to supplement the analysis with secondary data in the form of reports from the Swedish Embassy and Swedish organizations. Results In our case study we have found that the biggest barriers to entry the Brazilian market for Swedish companies are high import duties, bureaucracy, expensive labor force, criminality, high tax burden, lack of knowledge in the English language, a complex tax system, and basic cultural differences.

In our master thesis “Fashionable strategies” we analyze the internationalization processof small and medium sized Nordic Fashion companies. In our study we conducted aquantitative survey and qualitative in-depths interviews to shed light on the topic. We usehereby an iterative research strategy through the triangulation analysis method as researchapproach. The combination of methodologies and perspectives allowed us to analyze ourtheoretical framework and the research questions in a favorable manner. The researchquestions we aim to investigate in our study were the following:· What are the reasons for the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies wheninternationalizing, and what are the strategies the companies use hereby?· What influences the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies in their choiceof strategy and market to enter?· Which barriers of entry and problems do the small and medium sized Nordic fashioncompanies see as critical in their internationalization process and how do theyovercome these issues?In the research we especially took a look at the following areas that we found mainlyimportant for fashion companies in their internationalization process: The reasons forexpanding, the choice of market, the entry modes that are used and barriers and problemsthat occur in the process. We take a view on the theoretical models of the Uppsala Model,Helsinki model, Revised Uppsala model and Born-Global Theory to explain the strategiesbehind the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies.We see that the growth of the company and the profit increase are the main reasons for theNordic fashion companies when expanding their business. The entry modes used by thecompanies are agents and distributors, and when choosing the markets the fashioncompanies are contact-driven and focusing first on markets that have a rather smallerdistance to their own domestic market. The problems the companies have to overcome arecosts of entry, cash-flow and invoice payments which are all related to financial issues.We believe that our study has contributed with new information to the research field ofinternationalization concerning small medium fashion companies in the Nordic countries.

Uppsatsen diskuterar huruvida en ökad reglering av fastighetsmäklarbranschen kan hämma och skada effektiviteten på mäklarmarknaden. För att ge en bredare kontext som kan belysa frågeställningen har en översiktlig jämförelse gjorts mellan Sverige och England.