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Os saberes do Pregoeiro : um estudo à luz da noção de Knowing-in-PracticePancotto, Adriana January 2017 (has links)
Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.
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The Resting Electrocardiogram and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease : A Population-Based Study in Middle-Aged Men with up to 32 Years of Follow-UpStröm Möller, Christina January 2006 (has links)
<p>The aim was to contribute to the optimal use of the resting ECG by exploring, in middle-aged and elderly men, the development and regression of ECG abnormalities; the prognostic value of the ECG for cardiovascular disease compared to conventional risk factors; and the impact of age at baseline and follow-up time for prediction of cardiovascular disease.</p><p>It was based on the Uppsala Study of Adult Men cohort that was started in 1970. Participants were examined at ages 50, 70, 77, and 82, with annual updates on mortality and in-hospital morbidity using national registries. </p><p>The studies indicated that the prevalence of silent MI and frequency of regression of major Q/QS patterns may be higher than previously believed. Considering that persistent T wave abnormalities and ST segment depression carried twice as high a risk for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality as new or reverted abnormalities, the results suggested that serial electrocardiograms (ECG) would contribute to proper risk assessment. Also, the inclusion of ischemic ECG findings significantly increased the predictive power of the Framingham score at age 70 for CVD. </p><p>While hypertension and dyslipidemia were consistent long-term risk factors for myocardial infarction at ages 50 and 70, the length of follow-up period and age at baseline affected the predictive power of ECG abnormalities, fasting insulin, BMI, and smoking. </p><p>For stroke, midlife values for blood pressure and ECG abnormalities retained prognostic value over long follow-up periods, even though they improved when re-measured in elderly participants. ApoB/apoA1 ratio, driven by apoA1, was associated with stroke in elderly but not middle-aged men. Hyperinsulinemia and diabetes mellitus were more specifically associated with ischemic stroke than with any-cause stroke. </p><p>In summary, the resting ECG carried prognostic information beyond conventional risk factors. Even though the low prevalence of ECG abnormalities at the age of 50 calls into question the role of the ECG as a screening tool, the additional risk information it carries with it justifies its regular and repeated registration above the age of 50. </p>
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Analysis of Four-word Lexical Bundles in Published Resesarch Articles Written by Turkish ScholarsBal, Betul 30 November 2010 (has links)
This study investigated the use of lexical bundles in research articles written in English by Turkish scholars. For the purpose of the study, a corpus of published research articles produced by Turkish scholars in six different academic disciplines was collected. The four-word lexical bundles that appeared at least twenty times in this one million word corpus were identified and further analyzed both structurally and functionally based on the previous taxonomies developed by Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad and Finegan (1999) and Biber, Conrad and Cortes (2004). The results of this study revealed that the lexical bundles found have structural correlates as well as strong functional features that help to construct discourse in academic writing. The conclusions drawn from this study could be applied to the teaching of academic genres to researchers in English as a Foreign Language context and are expected to provide insights for further corpus-based studies in academic writing.
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The Resting Electrocardiogram and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease : A Population-Based Study in Middle-Aged Men with up to 32 Years of Follow-UpStröm Möller, Christina January 2006 (has links)
The aim was to contribute to the optimal use of the resting ECG by exploring, in middle-aged and elderly men, the development and regression of ECG abnormalities; the prognostic value of the ECG for cardiovascular disease compared to conventional risk factors; and the impact of age at baseline and follow-up time for prediction of cardiovascular disease. It was based on the Uppsala Study of Adult Men cohort that was started in 1970. Participants were examined at ages 50, 70, 77, and 82, with annual updates on mortality and in-hospital morbidity using national registries. The studies indicated that the prevalence of silent MI and frequency of regression of major Q/QS patterns may be higher than previously believed. Considering that persistent T wave abnormalities and ST segment depression carried twice as high a risk for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality as new or reverted abnormalities, the results suggested that serial electrocardiograms (ECG) would contribute to proper risk assessment. Also, the inclusion of ischemic ECG findings significantly increased the predictive power of the Framingham score at age 70 for CVD. While hypertension and dyslipidemia were consistent long-term risk factors for myocardial infarction at ages 50 and 70, the length of follow-up period and age at baseline affected the predictive power of ECG abnormalities, fasting insulin, BMI, and smoking. For stroke, midlife values for blood pressure and ECG abnormalities retained prognostic value over long follow-up periods, even though they improved when re-measured in elderly participants. ApoB/apoA1 ratio, driven by apoA1, was associated with stroke in elderly but not middle-aged men. Hyperinsulinemia and diabetes mellitus were more specifically associated with ischemic stroke than with any-cause stroke. In summary, the resting ECG carried prognostic information beyond conventional risk factors. Even though the low prevalence of ECG abnormalities at the age of 50 calls into question the role of the ECG as a screening tool, the additional risk information it carries with it justifies its regular and repeated registration above the age of 50.
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Practising social justice: Community organisations, what matters and what countsKeevers, Lynne Maree January 2009 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis investigates the situated knowing-in-practice of locally-based community organisations, and studies how this practice knowledge is translated and contested in inter-organisational relations in the community services field of practices. Despite participation in government-led consultation processes, community organisations express frustration that the resulting policies and plans inadequately take account of the contributions from their practice knowledge. The funding of locally-based community organisations is gradually diminishing in real terms and in the competitive tendering environment, large nationally-based organisations often attract the new funding sources. The concern of locally-based community organisations is that the apparent lack of understanding of their distinctive practice knowing is threatening their capacity to improve the well-being of local people and their communities. In this study, I work with practitioners, service participants and management committee members to present an account of their knowing-in-practice, its character and conditions of efficacy; and then investigate what happens when this local practice knowledge is translated into results-based accountability (RBA) planning with diverse organisations and institutions. This thesis analyses three points of observation: knowing in a community of practitioners; knowing in a community organisation and knowing in the community services field of practices. In choosing these points of observation, the inquiry explores some of the relations and intra-actions from the single organisation to the institutional at a time when state government bureaucracy has mandated that community organisations implement RBA to articulate outcomes that can be measured by performance indicators. A feminist, performative, relational practice-based approach employs participatory action research to achieve an enabling research experience for the participants. It aims to intervene strategically to enhance recognition of the distinctive contributions of community organisations’ practice knowledge. This thesis reconfigures understandings of the roles, contributions and accountabilities of locally-based community organisations. Observations of situated practices together with the accounts of workers and service participants demonstrate how community organisations facilitate service participants’ struggles over social justice. A new topology for rethinking social justice as processual and practice-based is developed. It demonstrates how these struggles are a dynamic complex of iteratively-enfolded practices of respect and recognition, redistribution and distributive justice, representation and participation, belonging and inclusion. The focus on the practising of social justice in this thesis offers an alternative to the neo-liberal discourse that positions community organisations as sub-contractors accountable to government for delivering measurable outputs, outcomes and efficiencies in specified service provision contracts. The study shows how knowing-in-practice in locally-based community organisations contests the representational conception of knowledge inextricably entangled with accountability and performance measurement apparatus such as RBA. Further, it suggests that practitioner and service participant contributions are marginalised and diminished in RBA through the privileging of knowledge that takes an ‘expert’, quantifiable and calculative form. Thus crucially, harnessing local practice knowing requires re-imagining and enacting knowledge spaces that assemble and take seriously all relevant stakeholder perspectives, diverse knowledges and methods.
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Practising social justice: Community organisations, what matters and what countsKeevers, Lynne Maree January 2009 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis investigates the situated knowing-in-practice of locally-based community organisations, and studies how this practice knowledge is translated and contested in inter-organisational relations in the community services field of practices. Despite participation in government-led consultation processes, community organisations express frustration that the resulting policies and plans inadequately take account of the contributions from their practice knowledge. The funding of locally-based community organisations is gradually diminishing in real terms and in the competitive tendering environment, large nationally-based organisations often attract the new funding sources. The concern of locally-based community organisations is that the apparent lack of understanding of their distinctive practice knowing is threatening their capacity to improve the well-being of local people and their communities. In this study, I work with practitioners, service participants and management committee members to present an account of their knowing-in-practice, its character and conditions of efficacy; and then investigate what happens when this local practice knowledge is translated into results-based accountability (RBA) planning with diverse organisations and institutions. This thesis analyses three points of observation: knowing in a community of practitioners; knowing in a community organisation and knowing in the community services field of practices. In choosing these points of observation, the inquiry explores some of the relations and intra-actions from the single organisation to the institutional at a time when state government bureaucracy has mandated that community organisations implement RBA to articulate outcomes that can be measured by performance indicators. A feminist, performative, relational practice-based approach employs participatory action research to achieve an enabling research experience for the participants. It aims to intervene strategically to enhance recognition of the distinctive contributions of community organisations’ practice knowledge. This thesis reconfigures understandings of the roles, contributions and accountabilities of locally-based community organisations. Observations of situated practices together with the accounts of workers and service participants demonstrate how community organisations facilitate service participants’ struggles over social justice. A new topology for rethinking social justice as processual and practice-based is developed. It demonstrates how these struggles are a dynamic complex of iteratively-enfolded practices of respect and recognition, redistribution and distributive justice, representation and participation, belonging and inclusion. The focus on the practising of social justice in this thesis offers an alternative to the neo-liberal discourse that positions community organisations as sub-contractors accountable to government for delivering measurable outputs, outcomes and efficiencies in specified service provision contracts. The study shows how knowing-in-practice in locally-based community organisations contests the representational conception of knowledge inextricably entangled with accountability and performance measurement apparatus such as RBA. Further, it suggests that practitioner and service participant contributions are marginalised and diminished in RBA through the privileging of knowledge that takes an ‘expert’, quantifiable and calculative form. Thus crucially, harnessing local practice knowing requires re-imagining and enacting knowledge spaces that assemble and take seriously all relevant stakeholder perspectives, diverse knowledges and methods.
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Os saberes do Pregoeiro : um estudo à luz da noção de Knowing-in-PracticePancotto, Adriana January 2017 (has links)
Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.
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Saberes do trabalho dos agentes aeroportuários à luz da noção de Knowing-in-practiceBitencourt, Betina Magalhães January 2015 (has links)
Devido a meu interesse pelo setor de aeroportos, sobretudo pela atuação dos agentes aeroportuários e pelos saberes inerentes a seu trabalho, bem como através do contato com a abordagem dos estudos baseados em práticas (NICOLINI; GHERARDI; YANOW, 2003), foi delineada a seguinte questão de pesquisa: “Como se configura o trabalho e a articulação dos saberes dos agentes aeroportuários, à luz da noção de knowing-in-practice?”. O método foi construído com base em técnicas etnográficas, como observação participante, entrevistas informais e pesquisas em arquivo, juntamente com a etnonarrativa. Esta proposta é importante para transcender a hierarquização presente entre os diversos tipos de saberes envolvidos na concepção do trabalho, atribuindo ênfase a uma atividade profissional que tem papel fundamental, social e econômico, no setor brasileiro de aviação civil, a qual, porém, ainda é pouco explorada em pesquisas acadêmicas. Concluiu-se que as práticas de trabalho, embora fortemente regulamentadas e padronizadas, podem ser sucessivamente alteradas e, a partir daí, novos saberes e novas práticas se constituem com base em um julgamento ético, estético e emocional, inserido no contexto de trabalho situado. / From my interest in the airports sector, especially for the performance of airport staff and know-how inherent in their work, as well as through contact with the approach of practice-based studies (Nicolini, Gherardi & Yanow, 2003), the following was outlined research question: "How is configured the work and integration of knowing of airport agents in the light of the notion of knowing-in-practice?”. The method was built based on ethnographic techniques such as participant observation; interviews; searches on file, and the ethnonarrative approach. This proposal is important to transcend the hierarchical arrangement present between different types of knowledge involved at work giving emphasis to an occupation that has fundamental role, social and economic, in the Brazilian sector of civil aviation, which, however, is still little explored in academic research. It was concluded that working practices, though heavily regulated and standardized, can be successively altered and, from there, new knowledge and new practices are constituted based on an ethical, aesthetic and emotional trial, placed in the context of work located.
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L'apprentissage intergénérationnel dans la dynamique sratégique de l'entreprise : comparaison France-Japon / Intergenerational learning in the firm's strategic dynamic : a comparison between France and JapanShimada, Sakura 09 December 2014 (has links)
Notre thèse s’intéresse au rapport entre l’apprentissage intergénérationnel et la dynamique stratégique de l’entreprise, dans une démarche comparative franco-japonaise. La littérature sur les générations, sur l’apprentissage et les capacités dynamiques constitue notre cadre théorique. Dans une étude qualitative multi-cas réalisée en France et au Japon, quatorze cas d’apprentissage intergénérationnel sont analysés. Nos résultats indiquent que le rapport entre l’apprentissage intergénérationnel et la dynamique stratégique de l’entreprise varient entre les cas de continuité et les cas de changement, tandis que le contexte culturel influence la formation des générations et les pratiques d’apprentissage intergénérationnel. Nous montrons ainsi le rôle de l’organisation dans la formation des générations, les enjeux stratégiques de l’apprentissage intergénérationnel et l’encastrement culturel des pratiques managériales. / This thesis is a comparative study of the relationships between intergenerational learning and the firm’s strategic dynamic, lead in France and Japan. The conceptual framework builds on the literature regarding generation, learning and dynamic capabilities. A qualitative multi-case study was conducted in France and Japan and fourteen cases of intergenerational learning were analyzed. The empirical results show that the relationships between intergenerational learning and the dynamic of the firm’s strategy vary between the state of stability and change. The cultural contexts influence the creation of the generations and intergenerational learning practices. These results highlight the role of organizations in the creation of generations, the strategic issue of intergenerational learning and give insights about the cultural embeddedness of managerial practices.
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Os saberes do Pregoeiro : um estudo à luz da noção de Knowing-in-PracticePancotto, Adriana January 2017 (has links)
Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.
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