Devido a meu interesse pelo setor de aeroportos, sobretudo pela atuação dos agentes aeroportuários e pelos saberes inerentes a seu trabalho, bem como através do contato com a abordagem dos estudos baseados em práticas (NICOLINI; GHERARDI; YANOW, 2003), foi delineada a seguinte questão de pesquisa: “Como se configura o trabalho e a articulação dos saberes dos agentes aeroportuários, à luz da noção de knowing-in-practice?”. O método foi construído com base em técnicas etnográficas, como observação participante, entrevistas informais e pesquisas em arquivo, juntamente com a etnonarrativa. Esta proposta é importante para transcender a hierarquização presente entre os diversos tipos de saberes envolvidos na concepção do trabalho, atribuindo ênfase a uma atividade profissional que tem papel fundamental, social e econômico, no setor brasileiro de aviação civil, a qual, porém, ainda é pouco explorada em pesquisas acadêmicas. Concluiu-se que as práticas de trabalho, embora fortemente regulamentadas e padronizadas, podem ser sucessivamente alteradas e, a partir daí, novos saberes e novas práticas se constituem com base em um julgamento ético, estético e emocional, inserido no contexto de trabalho situado. / From my interest in the airports sector, especially for the performance of airport staff and know-how inherent in their work, as well as through contact with the approach of practice-based studies (Nicolini, Gherardi & Yanow, 2003), the following was outlined research question: "How is configured the work and integration of knowing of airport agents in the light of the notion of knowing-in-practice?”. The method was built based on ethnographic techniques such as participant observation; interviews; searches on file, and the ethnonarrative approach. This proposal is important to transcend the hierarchical arrangement present between different types of knowledge involved at work giving emphasis to an occupation that has fundamental role, social and economic, in the Brazilian sector of civil aviation, which, however, is still little explored in academic research. It was concluded that working practices, though heavily regulated and standardized, can be successively altered and, from there, new knowledge and new practices are constituted based on an ethical, aesthetic and emotional trial, placed in the context of work located.

Devido a meu interesse pelo setor de aeroportos, sobretudo pela atuação dos agentes aeroportuários e pelos saberes inerentes a seu trabalho, bem como através do contato com a abordagem dos estudos baseados em práticas (NICOLINI; GHERARDI; YANOW, 2003), foi delineada a seguinte questão de pesquisa: “Como se configura o trabalho e a articulação dos saberes dos agentes aeroportuários, à luz da noção de knowing-in-practice?”. O método foi construído com base em técnicas etnográficas, como observação participante, entrevistas informais e pesquisas em arquivo, juntamente com a etnonarrativa. Esta proposta é importante para transcender a hierarquização presente entre os diversos tipos de saberes envolvidos na concepção do trabalho, atribuindo ênfase a uma atividade profissional que tem papel fundamental, social e econômico, no setor brasileiro de aviação civil, a qual, porém, ainda é pouco explorada em pesquisas acadêmicas. Concluiu-se que as práticas de trabalho, embora fortemente regulamentadas e padronizadas, podem ser sucessivamente alteradas e, a partir daí, novos saberes e novas práticas se constituem com base em um julgamento ético, estético e emocional, inserido no contexto de trabalho situado. / From my interest in the airports sector, especially for the performance of airport staff and know-how inherent in their work, as well as through contact with the approach of practice-based studies (Nicolini, Gherardi & Yanow, 2003), the following was outlined research question: "How is configured the work and integration of knowing of airport agents in the light of the notion of knowing-in-practice?”. The method was built based on ethnographic techniques such as participant observation; interviews; searches on file, and the ethnonarrative approach. This proposal is important to transcend the hierarchical arrangement present between different types of knowledge involved at work giving emphasis to an occupation that has fundamental role, social and economic, in the Brazilian sector of civil aviation, which, however, is still little explored in academic research. It was concluded that working practices, though heavily regulated and standardized, can be successively altered and, from there, new knowledge and new practices are constituted based on an ethical, aesthetic and emotional trial, placed in the context of work located.

No description available.

Increases in cases of diarrheal disease, respiratory infections and pregnancy complications have been reported in the literature following floods caused by heavy rainfall. Analyzing the association between health records of outcomes related to flooding demarcated by satellite observations will be helpful to evaluate the use of satellite observed products in the mitigation of health risks for future flood events. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI), a relative index assigned to census tracts, measures sociodemographic factors that may affect the ability of communities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events. This index, which quantifies social vulnerability is expected to have a positive relationship with health outcomes associated with flooding. This study uses an inundation map created using observations from active remote sensing satellites to classify census tracts that were flooded after the historic rainfall caused by Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. The duration or period of the inundation was determined using United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge data. A controlled before and after study design was used, and the relative risk (RR) of 11 cause-specific emergency department (ED) visits among the flooded census tracts compared to non-flooded tracts during and after the flood period was modelled using modified Poisson regression while adjusting for a baseline period and the age, ethnicity, race and sex of the patient. Further modification of this relationship by social vulnerability, as measured by CDC SVI quartiles, was examined. The results of this study show that flooding was associated with an increase in ED visits related to carbon monoxide poisoning, insect bites, dehydration, hypothermia, intestinal infectious diseases, and pregnancy complications during the flood period. The average rate of ED visits related to pregnancy complications and insect bites were greater among the flooded tracts compared to the non-flooded tracts in the month following the inundation. Modification of this association by CDC SVI was observed in some cases, such that ED visits were higher or lower in census tracts within higher vulnerable quartiles compared to the least vulnerable quartile. Evaluating the usefulness of earth observations and the CDC SVI in estimating the health risk associated with floods due to Hurricane Harvey has provided understanding the use of these products for future flooding events in identifying specific communities with increased health risks during and following flooding events. / Master of Science / Studies have shown that flooding following heavy rains might increase cases of flood-related health outcomes such as diarrhea, respiratory infections and pregnancy complications among the people in flooded communities. With advancements in satellite technology and image processing, areas that are flooded can be mapped using images captured by satellites within a few days after the flooding. Such maps can then be used to identify communities that might experience greater health risks due to the flooding. This study evaluated the use of such an inundation map created after Hurricane Harvey's floods of 2017 to determine the health risk among the flooded communities with respect to the non-flooded communities. We found that the census tracts that were identified as flooded using the inundation map experienced a greater number of ED visits related to carbon monoxide poisoning, insect bite, dehydration, hypothermia, intestinal infectious diseases, and pregnancy complications compared to the non-flooded census tracts during the period of 19 days after the landfall of Hurricane Harvey. Also, the month following this period, ED visits related to pregnancy complications and insect bites were still greater among the flooded tracts compared to the non-flooded tracts. As the socio-economic status, housing and transportation quality vary among different communities, the association between flooding and the health of the people in different communities may also differ. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI) is a relative vulnerability value assigned to each census tract based on the social characteristics of the population that influence the ability to prevent human suffering and financial loss in a disaster. We analyzed how census tracts grouped as very high, high and moderate vulnerability based on the SVI differ from least vulnerable census tracts in terms of this association. The results show that the association differs between different vulnerability groups for total ED visits and ED visits related to insect bites, intestinal infectious diseases and dehydration. We conclude that the satellite-based products along with the CDC SVI might be useful in identifying communities that might need support to overcome health risks following flooding.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-16T18:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3554110 bytes, checksum: 35c61671dc9bf20c3fd19db81c250e70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-06-20T11:51:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3554110 bytes, checksum: 35c61671dc9bf20c3fd19db81c250e70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-06-20T11:51:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3554110 bytes, checksum: 35c61671dc9bf20c3fd19db81c250e70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T11:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3554110 bytes, checksum: 35c61671dc9bf20c3fd19db81c250e70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Education for some time has been receiving great attention and influence of the Administration, through the introduction of models of school management, which includes, among other things, the discussion curriculum, budget organization and people management. However, in this study, the school management of basic education will be examined from the lens of Practice-based Studies (PBS), specifically the sociomateriality. The lens of the PBS and sociomateriality, allows us to see the school management beyond the prescriptive control of internal variables. Thus, by studying the school management for this approach, this practice does not occur through the “hands” of the Director, but this is a dynamic phenomenon, and that takes a lot of nuances that are dependent on the action of various actors (human and non-human). Thus, the overall objective of this research was to analyze the practice of school management in light of sociomateriality in a public school of the Brazilian State of Paraíba in the northeast of the country. To the achievement of the goals, it was the qualitative research, through data collection techniques: shadowing, associated with the moviments of zooming-ing and zooming out and Interview to the double. In addition, also direct observations and informal conversations were adopted. For data analysis, we used the framework drafted by Bispo (2015) to guide data analysis processes in research using the PBS. With regard to the results, it was identified the existence of three practices that together support the "texture" of school management practices, they are: practice of educational management, the practice of administrative management and practice management with the community. It was noticed also the strong presence of the tranverse element political aspect to all practices that make up the "texture" of the school management. In addition, it became evident as the practice of school management doesn't happen way isolated, but is linked to a larger texture of practices. With respect to the sociomaterial aspect of the practice of school management, it was noticed the constant presence of non-human actors as agents of construction, reproduction and modification of the practice, providing support for the implementation of the practice, mediating the relationship between other actors, or even directing the conduct of practice. Finally, this study sought to contribute to theoretical and practical way for the construction of the knowledge of the field from the experiments experienced. / A educação há algum tempo vem recebendo grande atenção e influência da administração, principalmente por meio da tentativa de introdução de modelos de gestão escolar, o que inclui, entre outras coisas, a discussão de currículos, organização orçamentária e gestão de pessoas. Contudo, neste estudo, a gestão escolar do ensino básico será analisada a partir da lente dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP), mais especificamente a sociomaterialidade. A lente dos EBP e da sociomaterialidade, nos permite enxergar a gestão escolar além do controle prescritivo de variáveis internas. Dessa forma, ao estudar a gestão escolar por essa abordagem, entende-se essa prática não ocorre por meio das “mãos” do diretor, mas trata-se de um fenômeno dinâmico, situado e que assume várias nuances que dependem da ação de diversos atores (humanos e não-humanos). Assim, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi analisar a prática da gestão escolar a luz da sociomaterialidade em uma escola pública do estado brasileiro da Paraíba localizado no nordeste do país. Para o alcance dos objetivos, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio das técnicas levantamento de dados: shadowing, associado aos movimentos de zooming-ing e zooming-out e o Interview to the double. Além disso, utilizou-se observações diretas e conversas informais. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o framework elaborado por Bispo (2015) para orientar processos de análise de dados em pesquisas que utilizem a abordagem dos EBP. No que se refere aos resultados, foi identificado a existência de três fragmentos de práticas que juntas suportam a “textura” de práticas da gestão escolar, são elas: prática pedagógica, prática do apoio administrativo e prática do interesse social. Percebeu-se também a forte presença do aspecto político como elemento transversal à todas as práticas que compõem a “textura” da gestão escolar. Além disso, ficou evidente como a prática da gestão escolar não acontece de maneira isolada, mas está interligada a uma textura maior de práticas. No que tange ao aspecto sociomaterial da prática da gestão escolar, percebeu-se a sua constante presença de atores não-humanos como agentes de construção, reprodução e modificação da prática, seja proporcionando suporte para a realização da prática, mediando a relação entre outros atores, ou até mesmo direcionando a condução da prática. Por fim, esta pesquisa buscou contribuir de maneira prática e teórica para a construção do conhecimento do campo a partir das experiências vivenciadas.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la grammaticalisation, processus d’évolution linguistique par lequel les éléments fonctionnels de la langue se trouvent remplacés au cours du temps par des mots ou des constructions de contenu, c’est-à-dire servant à désigner des entités plus concrètes. La grammaticalisation est donc un cas particulier de remplacement sémantique. Or, la langue faisant l’objet d’un consensus social bien établi, il semble que le changement sémantique s’effectue à contre-courant de la bonne efficacité de la communication ; pourtant, il est attesté dans toutes les langues, toutes les époques et, comme le montre la grammaticalisation, toutes les catégories linguistiques. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions d’abord le phénomène de grammaticalisation d’un point de vue empirique, en analysant les fréquences d’usage de plusieurs centaines de constructions du langage connaissant une ou plusieurs grammaticalisations au cours de l’histoire de la langue française. Ces profils de fréquence sont extraits de la base de données de Frantext, qui permet de couvrir une période de sept siècles. L’augmentation de fréquence en courbe en S concomitante du remplacement sémantique, attestée dans la littérature, est confirmée, mais aussi complétée par l’observation d’une période de latence, une stagnation de la fréquence d’usage de la construction alors même que celle-ci manifeste déjà son nouveau sens. Les distributions statistiques des observables décrivant ces deux phénomènes sont obtenues et quantifiées. Un modèle de marche aléatoire est ensuite proposé reproduisant ces deux phénomènes. La latence s'y trouve expliquée comme un phénomène critique, au voisinage d’une bifurcation point-col. Une extension de ce modèle articulant l’organisation du réseau sémantique et les formes possibles de l’évolution est ensuite discutée. / This work aims to study grammaticalization, the process by which the functional items of a language come to be replaced with time by content words or constructions, usually providing a more substantial meaning. Grammaticalization is therefore a particular type of semantic replacement. However, language emerges as a social consensus, so that it would seem that semantic change is at odds with the proper working of communication. Despite of this, the phenomenon is attested in all languages, at all times, and pervades all linguistic categories, as the very existence of grammaticalization shows. Why it would be so is somehow puzzling. In this thesis, we shall argue that the components on which lies the efficiency of linguistic communication are precisely those responsible for these semantic changes. To investigate this matter, we provide an empirical study of frequency profiles of a few hundreds of linguistic constructions undergoing one or several grammaticalizations throughout the French language history. These frequencies of use are extracted from the textual database Frantext, which covers a period of seven centuries. The S-shaped frequency rise co-occurring with semantic change, well attested in the existing literature, is confirmed. We moreover complement it by a latency part during which the frequency does not rise yet, though the construction is already used with its new meaning. The statistical distribution of the different observables related to these two phenomenal features are extracted. A random walk model is then proposed to account for this two-sided frequency pattern. The latency period appears as a critical phenomenon in the vicinity of a saddle-node bifurcation, and quantitatively matches its empirical counter-part. Finally, an extension of the model is sketched, in which the relationship between the structure of the semantic network and the outcome of the evolution could be discussed.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-08-31T13:17:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3277045 bytes, checksum: 6ede1f60220add4bc5099c467a37437b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-31T15:51:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3277045 bytes, checksum: 6ede1f60220add4bc5099c467a37437b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-31T15:53:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3277045 bytes, checksum: 6ede1f60220add4bc5099c467a37437b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3277045 bytes, checksum: 6ede1f60220add4bc5099c467a37437b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aimed to understand the process of social innovation of the practice of street food on wheels in the city of João Pessoa-PB. For this, the notion of practice and social innovation developed by Shove, Pantzar and Watson (2012) was used, who understand the practice as an entity or performance constituted of interdependent elements (competences, materials and meanings) that combined become order it and reproduce it, and social innovation as the process from which practice emerges, persists, changes and disappears, when the connections between these three types of element are made, sustained, or broken. As for nature, it is a qualitative research in which the approach to practices for access the field was used, also known as Practice-Based Studies (EBP) (NICOLINI; GHERARDI; YANOW, 2003). Based on this approach, the methods of shadowing (CZARNIWASKA, 2014) and the interview to the double (NICOLINI, 2009a) were used, which together made it possible to capture more reliable data in the field of study. Associated with the mentioned methods, the technique of zooming in and zooming out (NICOLINI, 2009b) was also used. The following instruments were used to collect the data: participant observation techniques, informal conversations, semi-structured interviews, photo and video analysis, and field diary. The unit of analysis considered in this study was street food on wheels as a practice. For the analysis of the data and consequent elaboration of the results, the interpretation was used in light of the approach of Shove, Pantzar and Watson (2012), who were inspired by the EBPs. The results indicate that there is strong evidence that street food on wheels is undergoing the process of social innovation, since the material elements, skills and meanings have changed and are still in the process of change, it is already possible to identify differences between practice traditionally developed and the "new" practice. The first change identified in the "new" practice was with regard to gourmetization, the second was the structure and layout of the vehicle used, the third was the form of communication, mainly through the use of social networks via smartphones, the fourth was the management form and the fifth the use of spaces. In addition, a new understanding about the practice of street food on wheels has emerged and is expanding because of the transformations that have occurred in the practice. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a inovação social da comida de rua sobre rodas como prática na cidade de João Pessoa - PB. Para isso, foi utilizada a noção de prática e de inovação social desenvolvida por Shove, Pantzar e Watson (2012), que entendem a prática como uma entidade ou performance constituída de elementos interdependentes (competências, materiais e significados) que, combinados, passam a ordená-la e a reproduzi-la, e a inovação social como o processo do qual a prática emerge, persiste, muda e desaparece, quando as conexões entre esses três tipos de elemento são feitos, sustentados ou quebrados. Quanto à natureza, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foi utilizada a abordagem das práticas para acesso ao campo, também conhecida como Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) (NICOLINI; GHERARDI; YANOW, 2003). Com base nessa abordagem, foram utilizados os métodos de shadowing (CZARNIWASKA, 2014) e o interview to the doble (NICOLINI, 2009a) que, juntos, possibilitaram a captura de dados mais fidedignos ao campo de estudo. Associadas aos métodos citados, também foi empregada a técnica de zooming in e zooming out (NICOLINI, 2009b). Para a coleta dos dados, recorreu-se aos seguintes instrumentos: técnicas de observação participante, conversas informais, entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de fotografia e de vídeos, assim como o diário de campo. A unidade de análise considerada neste estudo foi a comida de rua sobre rodas como uma prática. Para a análise dos dados e consequente elaboração dos resultados, foi utilizada a interpretação à luz da abordagem de Shove, Pantzar e Watson (2012), que se inspiraram nos EBPs. Os resultados indicam que há fortes indícios de que a comida de rua sobre rodas esteja passando pelo processo de inovação social, pois os elementos materiais, as competências e os significados mudaram e ainda estão em processo de mudança, já que é possível identificar diferenças entre a prática desenvolvida tradicionalmente e a “nova” prática. A primeira mudança identificada na “nova” prática foi com relação à gourmetização, a segunda diz respeito à estrutura e layout do veículo utilizado, a terceira foi a forma de comunicação, principalmente, pelo uso das redes sociais via smartphones, a quarta foi a forma de gestão e a quinta o uso dos espaços. Além disso, um novo entendimento sobre a prática de comida de rua sobre rodas surgiu e está em expansão devido às transformações ocorridas na prática.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3015142 bytes, checksum: 2cd6188e8c1fea3a810fda4aa63a6a03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sustainability is a subject that has been continuously studied since the 1970s when it became a worldwide concern, not unlike Administration as a field of science has devoted equal attention to and focused on the thematic field of sustainability, especially in what concerns to study the impacts of organizational actions. This study focused on sustainability considerations in the hospitality sector. As a len of studies for the interpretation of the phenomenon it was used the approach of Practice-Based Studies (PBS), in particular the sociomateriality. The use of the sociomaterial approach is a manner of introducing new ways of seeing the phenomenon of sustainability through a more critical strand. Thus, studying sustainability through sociomateriality is to understand that it is not only formed by intentional human action but that the action of non-humans is also important for the realization of this practice. Thus, the general objective of this research was to understand how sustainability is given as a management practice in a hotel that declares itself sustainable in a brazilian Northeast capital city. The qualitative case study method was used to conduct the research using shadowing during the field observations and through interviews as well as informal conversations. As a way of analyzing the data, categories of analysis were established through the use of literature. Regarding the results, it is possible to affirm that sustainability is a sociomaterial practice and that it depends on the existence of nonhuman elements for its accomplishment. The categories of analysis were able to show that the sustainability that occurs in the hotel is very fragile, for which we make some recommendations for improvements regarding the possible practices. Still according to the results it is possible to affirm that sustainability is a non-prescriptive daily practice that emerges and perpetuates over time in a performative way. Finally, this research aimed to contribute to the advancement of management science in the theoretical and practical field of sustainability through real experiences. / A sustentabilidade é um tema que vem sendo estudado continuamente desde a década de 1970, quando se tornou uma preocupação em nível mundial, não diferente a Administração como campo da ciência tem dedicado igual atenção e se debruçado sobre o campo temático da sustentabilidade, principalmente no que se refere a estudar os impactos das ações organizacionais. Este estudo se dedicou a fazer reflexões a cerca da sustentabilidade no setor da hotelaria. Como lente de estudos para intepretação do fenômeno foi usada a abordagem dos Estudos Baseados em Práticas (EBP), de forma particular a sociomaterialidade. O uso da abordagem da sociomaterialidade é uma forma de se introduzir novas formas de enxergar o fenômeno da sustentabilidade por meio de uma vertente mais crítica. Dessa forma, estudar sustentabilidade por meio da sociomaterialidade é compreender que ela não é formada apenas pela ação humana intencionada, mas que a ação dos não humanos também é importante para a realização dessa prática. Assim, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi compreender como se dá a sustentabilidade como prática de gestão em um hotel que se declara sustentável em uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Para realização da pesquisa utilizou-se do método de estudo de casa qualitativo, com o uso do shadowing durante as observações de campo e por meio de entrevistas, além de conversas informais. Como forma de analisar os dados estabeleceu-se categorias de análise por meio do uso da literatura. No que se refere aos resultados é possível afirmar que a sustentabilidade é uma prática sociomaterial e que tem dependência da existência de elementos não humanos para a sua realização. As categorias de análise puderam evidenciar que a sustentabilidade que ocorre no hotel é bastante frágil, para isso faz-se algumas recomendações de melhorias no que diz respeitas as práticas possíveis. Ainda de acordo com os resultados é possível afirmar que a sustentabilidade é uma prática cotidiana não prescritiva, que surge e se perpetua ao longo do tempo de forma performativa. Por fim, essa pesquisa visou contribuir com o avanço da ciência da Administração, no que se refere ao campo teórico e prático da sustentabilidade por meio de constatações reais de experiências vividas.

Cette recherche porte sur la gestion émancipatrice mise en œuvre par les entreprises sociales en vue de libérer leurs bénéficiaires –les populations «cibles » de leurs actions – de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion. Nous nous intéressons au cas particulier d’une entreprise sociale brésilienne, localisée dans la ville de São Paulo, dont la mission principale est de former des couturières et des artisans de quartiers populaires pour les intégrer au marché de la mode en tant qu’acteurs professionnels et autonomes. Reposant sur une étude ethnographique de près de dix-huit mois, cette thèse met en évidence la nature ambivalente des pratiques de gestion des entrepreneurs sociaux, en démontrant leurs effets à la fois libérateurs et oppressifs sur leurs bénéficiaires. En s’appuyant sur la théorie de l’émancipation développée par le pédagogue brésilien Paulo Freire, une référence décisive pour les entrepreneurs sociaux, cette thèse se propose de porter un regard critique sur le projet émancipatoire des entreprises sociales. Elle vise ainsi à apporter trois types de contribution à la littérature sur l’entrepreneuriat social. Sur le plan méthodologique, tout d’abord, cette étude met en avant la richesse d’une approche ethnographique interprétativiste et processuelle pour cerner toute la complexité des pratiques quotidiennes des entrepreneurs sociaux. Sur leplan théorique, ensuite, cette thèse replace au cœur du débat académique la question des relations entre entrepreneurs sociaux et populations locales, en faisant de ces dernières des acteurs centraux pour juger le potentiel émancipateur de l’entrepreneuriat social. Enfin, sur le plan de la pratique, cette étude propose de rénover la formation des entrepreneurs sociaux afin de redonner toute sa place aux thèmes du pouvoir et de ses déséquilibres, au sein du cursus des futurs praticiens de l’entrepreneuriat social / This research analyzes the emancipatory management implemented by social enterprises to free their beneficiaries – the “target” populations – from poverty and exclusion. This study focuses in particular on the case of a Brazilian social enterprise, located in the city of São Paulo, whose main mission is to train seamstresses and artisans from poor neighborhoods to integrate them into the fashion market as professional and autonomous actors. Based on an ethnographic study of nearly eighteen months, this thesis highlightsthe ambivalent nature of social entrepreneurs’ management practices, by demonstrating both their liberating and oppressive effects on beneficiaries. Based on the theory of emancipation developed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, an essential reference for social entrepreneurs, this thesis proposes to take a critical look at the emancipatory project of social enterprises. It thus aims to bring threetypes of contribution to the literature on social entrepreneurship. First, methodologically, this study highlights the benefits of an interpretivist and processual ethnographic approach to identify the complexity of social entrepreneurs’ everyday practices. Second, with regards to theory, this thesis puts the relations between social entrepreneurs and local populations back at the center of the academic debate, making the latter key actors to assessing the emancipatory potential of social entrepreneurship. Finally, in terms of practice, this study proposes to renew the training of social entrepreneurs in order to prioritize the issue of power imbalances in the curriculum of future social entrepreneurship practitioners.

L'étude de la survie nette des patients atteints de cancer en population générale permet d'apprécier l'efficience globale du système de soin d'un pays. La survie nette se définit comme la survie qui serait observée si la seule cause de décès possible était le cancer. Ce concept est fondamental dans les comparaisons entre zones géographiques et/ou périodes de diagnostic dont l'intérêt est d'estimer les variations spécifiques de la mortalité due au cancer. Le concept de survie nette permet de prendre en compte les éventuelles différences de mortalité naturelle entre les groupes comparés. Actuellement, seuls deux outils estiment la survie nette sans biais : l'estimateur non paramétrique de Pohar-Perme et la modélisation paramétrique ajustée sur certaines covariables (essentiellement l'âge). Par ailleurs, les outils paramétriques s'étant perfectionnés, de nouveaux modèles flexibles permettent de modéliser les effets complexes des variables sur la mortalité. Ce travail repose sur la modélisation du taux de mortalité en excès à la suite d'un lymphome malin non hodgkinien, en se basant sur le modèle proposé par Remontet et al. et sur la nécessité de modéliser conjointement les effets complexes des covariables (telles que le temps de suivi, l'année de diagnostic et l'âge) sur la mortalité à l'aide d'une stratégie de modélisation adaptée. L'effet des variables est restitué sur la survie nette mais aussi sur le taux de mortalité en excès ce qui représente un élément nouveau dans les études de survie. Deux applications ont été menées sur des bases de données collaboratives de population : d'une part sur les données françaises du réseau FRANCIM à la suite d'un diagnostic de lymphome folliculaire entre 1995 et 2010 et, d'autre part, sur les données européennes d'EUROCARE-5 après un lymphome folliculaire ou un lymphome B diffus à grandes cellules diagnostiqué entre 1996 et 2004. Les résultats montrent que la dynamique du taux de mortalité en excès au cours du temps de suivi varie en fonction du sous-type de lymphome, de l'âge et de la zone géographique. Les tendances de cette dynamique en fonction de l'année de diagnostic sont également différentes / The net survival of cancer patients in population studies is the most relevant indicator to assess the overall efficiency of the healthcare system of a country. Net survival is defined as the survival that would be observed if the sole cause of death were cancer. This concept is crucial in comparative studies (between geographical areas and/or periods of diagnosis) that estimate specific variations of cancer-related deaths. Net survival takes into account potential differences in mortality patterns between groups. Currently, two methods provide unbiased estimations of net survival: the non-parametric estimator of Pohar-Perme and the parametric model adjusted on specific covariates (mainly, the age at diagnosis). Moreover, new improved parametric tools, such as flexible models, can model the complex covariate effects on mortality. In this work, we modeled the excess mortality rate after a non Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, with a model developed by Remontet et al. In addition, we used an appropriate model-building-strategy to model jointly the complex effects of some covariates (such as the time elapsed since diagnosis, the year of diagnosis, and age) on the excess mortality. Finally, this approach allowed for the covariate effects on the net survival and on the excess mortality rate. We applied this method to two different collaborative databases: first on the French database FRANCIM (1995 to 2010) to study the excess mortality after diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, then on the European data of EUROCARE-5 (1996 to 2004) to study the excess mortality after diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. According to the results, the dynamics of the excess mortality rate varies over the time elapsed since diagnosis according to the lymphoma subtype, the age, and the geographical area. The trends of these dynamics over the years of diagnosis are different too