Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 67-68. / by William Henderson Sloan Jr. / M.Arch.

One seemingly lost aspect of working-class life in antebellum New Orleans stems from the effort of entrepreneurs to provide bathing and swimming facilities for the city's working poor. In exchange for a relatively inexpensive fee per use, working-class New Orleanians served as the customer base for “floating pools” moored along the Mississippi riverfront. Beginning in 1836, these pools represented a transitional phase between the long extant tradition of bathing and swimming for free in the river and the development of commercialized, waterfront pleasure resorts for the masses in the late 1800s. Close proximity of working class neighborhoods to the river allowed New Orleans entrepreneurs to capitalize on restrictions city official began to place on bathing in the river. The floating pools represented an early stage in the commercialization of recreation as well as public hygiene.

Diploma thesis describes importance of balneology in Slovakia. Thesis contains importance and role of balneology in tourism, czechoslovakia history of balneology in the period 1918 - 1993, contemporary situation and trends of balneology in Slovakia and comparison of Czech and Slovak balneology. There is a hypothesis of similar balneology history of the Czech Republic and Slovakia as a result of their similar political history and there is a hypothesis of different nature curative resources.

Allmänna bad bidrar i hög grad till att främja allmänhetens hälsa och välbefinnande. De erbjuder möjlighet till motion och rekreation för människor i alla åldrar. För att badgäster ska trivas och må bra krävs det att vatten- och luftkvalitet håller hög nivå. I syfte att förhindra spridning av sjukdomsalstrande organismer mellan badgäster används klor som en central komponent för att desinficera vattnet. Kloret lämnar dock restprodukter efter sig, främst trikloramin som påverkar människors hälsa negativt. Trikloramin samlas över vattenytan och stannar kvar i andningszonen om inte föroreningarna transporteras bort via luftrörelser.I Nolhaga simhall sker fram till 2018 en ombyggnad av anläggningen. Rapporten berör den nya ventilationslösning som kommer att användas till motionsbassängen. För att studera hur denna lösning fungerar och hur god luftväxling den skapar över vattenytan har en modell av simhallen skapats i CAD-program. Luftflöden har sedan simulerats i en förenklad CFD modellen och jämförts med ett röktest i en liknande simhall. Utöver den lösning som är tänkt att byggas har ett alternativ med kompletterande frånluftsdon i golvnivå simulerats.Resultatet indikerar att lufthastigheter över vattenytan ligger inom de rekommendationer som finns angivna. Luften har en tendens att röra sig i lokalen med ett återcirkulerande beteende där tilluften följer taket in i hallen för att sedan gå ner vid bakre väggen och tillbaka över vattenytan. Luftrörelserna följer detta beteende oberoende om frånluftsdonet är placerat i golv- eller taknivå. Någon skillnad i mängd bortfört trikloramin kan inte säkerställas med de metoder som använts i rapporten. Röktestet gav inte ett tillräckligt tydligt resultat för att några kopplingar till simulering ska kunna göras.Brist på tid, förkunskaper och erfarenhet inom området gör att osäkerheten kring de resultat som nåtts är stor. Mer arbete inom CFD och badhusventilation krävs för att öka trovärdigheten. / Public baths contributes significantly to the promotion of public health and wellbeing. To be able to supply a pleasant experience for bathers, a high quality of water and air is required. To avoid spreading of pathogens between bathers, Chlorine is used as a central component for disinfecting the water. Chlorine residues such as Trichloramine affect human health and are concentrated above the water surface and will remain in the breathing zone unless the pollution is carried away by air movement.Nolhaga public bath is undergoing a renovation and this report is a study of the new ventilation system which has been installed. To investigate the air flow pattern in the hall a CAD model of the space was created. CFD software was used to simulate airflow in the model. Results have also been compared with a smoke test, performed in a similar building. In addition to the suggested solution a different approach, with additional exhaust air vents placed at floor level, has been tested.The results show that the air speeds over the water surface are within the given recommendations. The air has a tendency to move around in the room with a recirculating behaviour where the supply air follows the roof to the back wall and then returns over the surface of the water. This kind of behaviour might be beneficial for removing Trichloramines if exhaust air vents are placed near the air supply units. This method uses the air movement to remove pollutants where the concentration is highest and removes them from the building. Performed smoke test gave only vague indications that the simulation results can be linked to actual air movement due to the small amount of information it provided.Due to the lack of time, knowledge and experience in the field, the uncertainty of the achieved results is great. Additional work in CFD and ventilation of public baths is required to enhance credibility of results.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo o estudo da arquitetura, dos materiais e das técnicas de construção das casas de banho romanas, conhecidas pelos termos latinos Thermae e Balnea, em seu meio urbano nas três províncias da Península Ibérica - Hispânia Tarraconense, Hispânia Bética e a Hispânia Lusitânia. Para tanto, nos baseamos nas premissas teórico-metodológicas da Arqueologia da Construção e da Arqueologia do Ambiente Construído. Além dos aspectos arquitetônico-construtivos, focalizamos a tecnologia do aquecimento termal em suas mais diferentes instalações estruturais; tecnologia romana de calefação que é conhecida pela literatura arqueológica pelo termo latino hypocaustum. Não obstante, abordamos alguns aspectos socioculturais associados às termas como a prática do evergestismo pelos membros da elite e a romanização como fator de mudança cultural. Ao par disso, tratamos de expor uma síntese sobre o desenvolvimento do urbanismo e a inserção das termas nas cidades. Por fim, analisamos as questões tipológicas e terminológicas com relação às termas romanas. / The research aims to study the architecture, materials and the construction techniques of Roman baths, known by the Latin terms Thermae and Balnea, in their urban areas in the three provinces of the Iberian Peninsula - Hispania Tarraconensis, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania. To this end, we rely on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Archaeology of Construction and the Archaeology of the Built Environment. In addition to the architectural-construction aspects, we focus on the thermal heating technology in its various structural facilities; Roman heating technology which is known in archaeological literature by the Latin term hypocaustum. Also, we address sociocultural aspects associated with baths such as the practice of evergestism by members of the elite and the romanization as a factor of cultural change. Next, we present a summary about the development of urbanism and the insertion of the baths in the cities. Finally, we analyze the typology and terminology issues regarding baths.

L'étude du paysage balnéaire de Rome dans l'Antiquité (Ier siècle av. J.-C.- Ve siècle ap. J.-C.) a pour but de combler certaines lacunes concernant la recherche sur les bains dits mineurs dans la capitale de l'Empire. La thèse a suivi essentiellement cinq grands axes : nous avons au préalable défini un cadre historique et social à notre étude en insistant sur les problèmes relatifs à l'origine du bain romain et à sa diffusion en péninsule italique. Nous nous sommes ensuite penchés sur les problèmes méthodologiques rencontrés lors de l'établissement de notre corpus. Afin d'appréhender de manière concrète le paysage balnéaire romain, nous avons en effet établi une base de données dont chaque entrée correspond à un complexe balnéaire connu par les sources (archéologiques, épigraphiques et littéraires). Ce catalogue a été abordé sous forme descriptive dans notre troisième grande partie. Notre quatrième axe concerne particulièrement la législation relative à ces balnea, la définition de leur statut et l'identification de leurs propriétaires. Enfin, une étude typologique et technique des bains de Rome s'est révélée nécessaire pour terminer cette étude de façon exhaustive. / The study of the baths landscape of Rome in the Antiquity(Ist century B.C.- Vth century A.D.) aims at filling certain gaps concerning the research on the minor baths in the capital of the Empire. The thesis followed essentially five main chapters: we beforehand defined a historic and social frame in our study by insisting on the relative problems at the origin of the Roman bath and in its distribution in italic peninsula. We then bent over the methodological problems met during the establishment of our corpus. To conceive in a concrete way the Roman bath landscape, we indeed established a database every evidence of which corresponds to a bath complex known by sources(archaeological, epigraphic and literary). This catalog was approached under descriptive shape on our third chapter. Our fourth axis concerns particularly the legislation relative to these balnea, the definition of their status and the identification of their owners. Finally, a typological and technical study of the baths of Rome showed itself necessary to end this study in a exhaustive way.

This paper argues the institution of Roman bathing was an instrument of cultural hegemony, which allowed the Roman Empire to maintain hegemony over the Roman provinces. Numerous frameworks have been suggested in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Rome and the provinces. Roman imperialism has been a topic of debate for over one hundred years and the vicissitudes of scholarly thought are highlighted by the changes in the characterization of the theory of Romanization. In the recent past, scholars have sought a framework that could progress beyond the problematic concept of Romanization in order to better understand acculturation in the Roman provinces. In this paper, I provide an alternative method for examining the somewhat hackneyed issue of Roman imperialism. I argue the relationship between Rome and the provinces can be examined through the Gramcian theory of cultural hegemony. Using cultural hegemony, I explore the political consequences of direct change acculturation of the provinces of the Roman Empire. I argue that Roman culture was an efficacious mechanism for the dissemination of Roman ideology and diffusion of the Roman worldview was politically advantageous for Rome. Furthermore, I argue the custom of public bathing was a Roman cultural phenomenon that aided the Empire in preserving their hegemony in the provinces.

In this thesis, manufacturing of microirradiators, electrodeposition of radioactive elements such as Ni-63, and applications of these radioactive sources are discussed. Ni-63 has a half life of 100 years and a low energy beta electron of 67 keV, ideal for low dose low linear energy transfer (LET) research. The main focus of the research is on the novel Ni-63 microirradiator. It contains a small amount of total activity of radiation but a large flux, allowing the user to safely handle the microirradiator without extensive shielding. This thesis is divided into nine chapters. Properties of microirradiators and various competing radioactive sources are compared in the introduction (chapter 1). Detailed description of manufacturing Ni-63 microirradiator using the microelectrode as the starting point is outlined in chapter 2. The microelectrode is a 25 µm in diameter Pt disk sealed in a pulled 1 mm diameter borosilicate capillary tube, as a protruding wire or recessed disk microelectrode. The electrochemically active surface area of each is verified by cyclic voltammetry. Electrodeposition of nickel with a detailed description of formulation of the electrochemical bath in a cold "non-radioactive setting" was optimized by using parameters as defined by pourbaix diagrams, radioactive electroplating of Ni-63, and incorporation of safety regulations into electrodeposition. Calibration and characterization of the Ni-63 microirradiators as protruding wire and recessed disk microirradiators is presented in chapter 3. In chapters 4 through 6, applications of the Ni-63 microirradiators and wire sources are presented. Chapter 4 provides a radiobiological application of the recessed disk microirradiator and a modified flush microirradiator with osteosarcoma cancer cells. Cells were irradiated with 2000 to 1 Bq, and real time observations of DNA double strand breaks were observed. A novel benchtop detection system for the microirradiators is presented in chapter 5. Ni-63 is most commonly measured by liquid scintillation counters, which are expensive and not easily accessible within a benchtop setting. Results show liquid scintillation measurements overestimates the amount of radiation coming from the recessed disk. A novel 10 µCi Ni-63 electrochemically deposited wire acting as an ambient chemical ionization source for pharmaceutical tablets in mass spectrometry is in chapter 6. Typically, larger radioactive sources (15 mCi) of Ni-63 have been used in an ambient ionization scenario. Additionally, this is the first application of using Ni-63 to ionize in atmosphere pharmaceutical tablets, leading to a possible field portable device. In the last chapters, chapters 7 through 8, previous microirradiator experiments and future work are summarized. Chapter 7 illustrates the prototype of the electrochemically deposited microirradiator, the Te-125 microirradiator. In conjunction with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Te-125m is a low dose x-ray emitting element determined to be the best first prototype of an electrochemically deposited microirradiator. Manufacturing, characterization, and experiments that were not successful leading to the development of the Ni-63 microirradiator are discussed. In chapter 8, future work is entailed in continuing on with this thesis project. The work presented in the thesis is concluded in chapter 9.

Vol. 3. contains [9] folded plans and [2] section keys / Includes bibliographical references / 3 v. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30-32 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Classics, 1993

Teilw. zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, University, Habil.-Schr., 2003.