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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Enlivening California's sixth grade history/social sciences curriculum with historical fiction

Hildreth-Blue, Cynthia 01 January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
72

Kohlenstoffpräkursoren für die Herstellung strukturierter Mikro-Superkondensatoren und multifunktionaler Energiespeicher

Lochmann, Stefanie 17 May 2021 (has links)
Das moderne digitale Leben bringt eine steigende Nachfrage an immer kleineren kompakten Geräten mit höheren Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit und Multifunktionalität mit sich. Der in diesem Zusammenhang fortschreitende Prozess der Miniaturisierung findet damit in immer mehr Bereichen Anwendung. Der aktuelle Trend geht hierbei zu immer kleineren autonomen Systemen, welche vor allem einen wartungsfreien Betrieb mit guter Langlebigkeit garantieren sollen. Hierbei kommt die Integration von zusätzlichen Energiespeichereinheiten wie Mikro-Superkondensatoren (MSC) zum Einsatz. Die so genannten elektrochemischen Doppelschichtkondensatoren können durch ihren rein elektrostatischen Energiespeichermechanismus innerhalb weniger Sekunden vollständig geladen und entladen werden und ermöglichen somit hohe Leistungsdichten bei gleichzeitig hohen Lebensdauern. Strukturierungen im Mikrometerbereich können vor allem durch additive Druckmethoden (3D-Druck, Inkjet-Druck) realisiert werden, welche zudem eine sehr hohe Variabilität in der Zielgeometrie bieten. Ein weiteres vielversprechendes Verfahren hinsichtlich hoher Produktionsdurchsätze und einem geringen Preisaufwand stellt die weiche Lithographie dar. Sie ermöglicht Drucke mit hoher Auflösung bis in den Nanometerbereich. Aus diesem Grund soll im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit die Nanoprägelithographie (NIL) als softlithographische Technik für die Herstellung strukturierter Kohlenstoffelektroden genutzt werden. Die gewählten Elektrodenstrukturen zeichnen sich vor allem durch ihre hohe Auflösung im Sub-Mikrometer-Bereich aus und stellen damit die derzeit kleinsten literaturbekannten interdigitalen Kohlenstoffelektroden dar. Zielstellung dieser Arbeit war zunächst die Entwicklung verschiedener flüssiger, druckbarer Kohlenstoffpräkursoren. Die erhaltenen Mikrostrukturen wurden anschließend für die Anwendung in MSCs optimiert. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit konnten in diesem Sinne drei verschiedene Präkursorsysteme entwickelt werden. Das erste, Saccharose-basierte System setzte sich aus einer wässrigen Saccharoselösung zusammen, welche schwefelsäurekatalysiert zu Kohlenstoff umgesetzt wurde. Die zusätzliche Einbringung von Stickstoffgruppen in den Kohlenstoff erfolgte durch die Zugabe von Harnstoff. Das zweite Präkursorsystem basierte auf einem umweltfreundlichen Resol aus Phloroglucinol und Glyoxylsäure. Durch Weichtemplatverfahren unter Nutzung von Pluronic F127 gelang zudem eine Einbringung geordneter Porosität in die Kohlenstoffmatrix. Eine schnelle Assemblierung und Polymerisation der Edukte konnten durch den EISA-Prozess ermöglicht werden, sodass der Präkursor auch für die NIL genutzt werden konnte. Bei dem dritten System handelte es sich um einen Polymerpräkursor, welcher durch Auflösung von Polyacrylnitril in DMF hergestellt wurde. Dieses Polymersystem eignete sich zudem auch sehr gut als Matrixmaterial für die Einbettung von Nanopartikeln. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das System genutzt, um Polymerhohlkugeln einzubetten und diese in situ unter vollständiger Strukturerhaltung zu Kohlenstoff umzusetzen. Alle drei Präkursorsysteme konnten im nächsten Schritt erfolgreich in der Nanoprägelithographie angewendet werden. Die entsprechenden Strukturen besaßen Liniengrößen von 250 bis 500 nm mit Abständen zwischen 1 und 10 μm. Für alle Geometrien wurden hierbei vollständige und stabile Strukturen erhalten. Nach der Umsetzung der Präkursoren zu Kohlenstoff blieben die Strukturen weiterhin erhalten. Das Saccharose-basierte System wurde im Anschluss genutzt, um einen Hydrogel-Elektrolyten auf Basis von PVA und Schwefelsäure zu optimieren. Im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen wässrigen Elektrolyten konnten deutlich höhere Kapazitäten erreicht werden. Für die wässrige Li2SO4-Lösung wurde so eine Device-Kapazität von 0,02 mF cm-2 ermittelt, welche durch die Verwendung eines PVA/H2SO4-Gelelektrolyten auf 0,3 mF cm-2 gesteigert werden konnte. Zudem zeigte der Gel-Elektrolyt deutliche Vorteile bei der Langzeitstabilität und Auslaufsicherheit. Weiterhin wurden auch die Leitadditive und Konzentrationen variiert und getestet. Hierbei stellten sich Schwefelsäure als am besten geeignetes Additiv und ein Massenverhältnis von m(PVA): m(H2SO4) von 1:1 als optimale Konzentration heraus. Mit diesem Elektrolyten wurden im Anschluss die Einflüsse verschiedener Liniengrößen und Fingerabstände untersucht. Aufgrund des insgesamt besten Druckergebnisses zeigte die IDE500/10 auch die größten Kapazitäten. Weiterhin bewirkte eine N-Dotierung des Kohlenstoffes eine Verbesserung in der Benetzbarkeit und Leitfähigkeit der Elektroden, wodurch für alle Strukturen die Kapazität weiter gesteigert werden konnte. Auch der Resol-basierte Präkursor konnte genutzt werden, um Superkondensatoren herzustellen. Für beide Präkursorvarianten mit und ohne Templat wurden auch funktionsfähige Mikro-Superkondensatoren hergestellt. Hierbei konnte ebenfalls eine deutliche Kapazitätserhöhung durch die Einbringung des Templats beobachtet werden. Damit wurde gezeigt, dass auch in den Mikrostrukturen Porosität oder Oberflächenrauigkeit durch das Tensid erzeugt wird. Hierbei erhöhte sich die Flächenkapazität sogar um das Fünffache von 0,4 auf 2,0 mF cm-2. Mit dem dritten Präkursorsystem basierend auf PAN, konnte für IDE500/10 eine Flächenkapazität von 0,4 mF cm-2 erreicht werden. Auch die Integration der Hohlkugeln ermöglichte die Herstellung leitfähiger Elektroden. Für dieses System wurde eine Flächenkapazität von 0,2 mF cm-2 erreicht. Im Hinblick auf die Miniaturisierung ist oft die Größenbeschränkung des gesamten Bauteils limitierend für die erreichbare Leistung. Aus diesem Grund liegt der Fokus aktuell auch auf der Entwicklung multifunktionaler Bauteile. Weiterhin geht der Trend in Richtung intelligenter Systeme, welche beispielsweise biologische Prozesse nachahmen können. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit sollte auf Basis dieser Entwicklungen ein schaltbarer Mikro-Superkondensator mit typischen Charakteristiken eines Feldeffekttranistors entwickelt werden. In diesem Sinn wurden die Einflüsse verschiedener Kenngrößen untersucht und ein Zusammenhang von Schaltverhalten und Architektur soll gefunden werden. Auf Basis des Saccharose-abgeleiteten Kohlenstoffes wurden mit Hilfe des piezoelektrischen Inkjet-Drucks Interdigitalelektroden angefertigt. Als dritte Gate-Elektrode wurde ein Kohlenstofffilm des gleichen Materials genutzt und im Schichtaufbau mit der Interdigitalelektrode und dem Hydrogel-Elektrolyten assembliert. Mit diesem Gate-Cap konnte der W-Cap mit sehr hohen Schaltraten an- und ausgeschaltet werden. Wird eine Bias-Spannung von -0,5 V genutzt, so kann die Kapazität auf 1,8 % der Ausgangskapazität verringert werden. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten und Bias-Potentialen untersucht. Grundsätzlich eignen sich kleine Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten sehr gut, um effektivere Schaltraten zu generieren. Für unterschiedliche Gate-Spannungen konnten so unterschiedliche Schaltraten erhalten werden, sodass sich ein vergleichbares Verhalten mit einem FET ergab. Hierbei konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass bereits für eine Spannung von -0,2 V eine Verringerung auf unter 3 % der Ausgangskapazität erhalten wurde. Dies ist vor allem für potenzielle Anwendungen in implantierbaren Mikrosystemen vorteilhaft, welche mit sehr kleinen Betriebsspannungen arbeiten. Die Langzeitstabilität des Gate-Caps wurde zum einen durch sehr schnelles wiederholtes Schalten als auch über einen Langzeitbetrieb im Aus-Zustand gezeigt. Hierbei zeigte sich eine sehr gute Reproduzierbarkeit über mehrere Sequenzen. Über die verschiedenen Schaltversuche und die zusätzliche Variation des Elektrolyten unter Nutzung verdünnter Schwefelsäure konnte der Ablauf des vor allem protonengesteuerten Schaltprozesses näher betrachtet werden. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass vor allem ein unidirektionales Schaltverhalten vorliegt und der Gate-Cap nur durch das Anlegen negativer Potentiale effektiv geschalten werden kann.
73

A Garland of Roses

Miller, Mary Claire 12 August 2020 (has links)
No description available.
74

Multiplexed microfluidic sensor for the cell, cell secretome, and particulate matter detection

Liu, Fan January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
75

Polymer Lab-on-a-Chip with Functional Nano/Micro Bead-Packed Column for Biochemical Analysis

LEE, SE HWAN 28 August 2008 (has links)
No description available.
76

Real time evaluation of weld quality in narrow groove pipe welding

Marmelo, Patricia C. January 2012 (has links)
With the growth in pipeline installations all over the world, there is a great demand for highly productive and robust welding systems. Mechanised pipe welding has been developed over the last 50 years and the present focus is towards development of automated pipeline welding systems. Pipeline welding automation is aimed at reducing costs and improving the installation quality. To attain fully automated pipe welding systems there is a need to rely on sensors and controls systems to mimic human like capabilities, such as visual inspection, in real time. The key aim of this work is to develop and evaluate methods of automatic assessment of weld bead shape and quality during narrow gap GMAW of transmission pipelines. This implies that the measured bead profile will be assessed to determine whether the bead shape will cause defects when the subsequent pass is deposited. Different approaches have been used to conquer the challenge that is emulating human reasoning, all with different objectives in mind. In spite of extensive literature research performed, very little information was found concerning the real time determination and assessment of bead shape quality and none of it was reported to be applied successfully to the pipeline industry. Despite the continuous development of laboratory laser vision systems commercial ones have been on the market for decades, some specifically developed for the welding application. Laser vision sensor systems provide surface profile information, and are the only sensors which can satisfactorily measure bead profile on a narrow groove. In order to be able to use them to automatically assess weld bead shape and quality, a deep understanding of their characteristics and limitations needs to be achieved. Once that knowledge was attained it was then applied to determine the best sensor configuration for this purpose. After that the development of human like judgment algorithms were developed to accomplish the aim that was set. Empirical rules were obtained from an experienced welder regarding the acceptability of bead shapes and were then applied in the developed system with good results. To scientifically evaluate and determine the rules to use in this system, further experiments would be required. The output of the system developed showed very accurate, reliable and consistent results that were true to the external measurements and comparisons performed. The developed system has numerous applications in the pipeline industry and it could easily be implemented on commercial systems.
77

Affinity assays for profiling disease-associated proteins in human plasma

Byström, Sanna January 2017 (has links)
Affinity-based proteomics offers opportunities for the discovery and validation of disease-associated proteins in human body fluids. This thesis describes the use of antibody-based immunoassays for multiplexed analysis of proteins in human plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This high-throughput method was applied with the objective to identify proteins associated to clinical variables. The main work in this thesis was conducted within the diseases of multiple sclerosis and malignant melanoma, as well as mammographic density, a risk factor for breast cancer. The suspension bead array (SBA) technology has been the main method for the work presented in this thesis (Paper I-IV). SBA assays and other affinity proteomic technologies were introduced for protein profiling of sample material obtained from clinical collaborators and biobanks. Perspectives on the validation of antibody selectivity by means of e.g. immuno-capture mass spectrometry are also provided. Paper I describes the development and application of a protocol for multiplexed pro- tein profiling of CSF. The analysis of 340 CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disease revealed proteins with potential association to disease progression (GAP43) and inflammation (SERPINA3). Paper II continued on this work with an extended investigation of more than 1,000 clinical samples and included both plasma and CSF collected from the same patients. Comparison of disease subtypes and controls revealed five plasma proteins of potential diagnostic relevance, such as IRF8 and GAP43. The previously reported associations for GAP43 and SERPINA3 in CSF was confirmed. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of post-mortem brain tissue revealed differential protein expression in disease affected areas. In Paper III, 150 serum samples from patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma were analyzed. Protein profiles from antibody bead arrays suggested three proteins (RGN, MTHFD1L, STX7) of differential abundance between patients with no disease recurrence and low tumor thickness (T-stage 1 and 2) compared to patients with high tumor thickness (T-stage 3 and 4) and disease recurrence. We observed MTHFD1L expression in tissue of a majority of patients, while expression of STX7 in melanoma tissue had been reported previously. Paper IV describes the analysis of protein in plasma in relation to mammographic breast density (MD), one of the strongest risk factors for the development of breast cancers. More than 1,300 women without prior history of breast cancer were screened. Linear associations to MD in two independent sample sets were found for 11 proteins, which are expressed in the breast and involved in tissue homeostasis, DNA repair, cancer development and/or progression in MD. In conclusion, this thesis describes the use of multiplexed antibody bead arrays for protein profiling of serum, plasma and CSF, and it shortlists disease associated proteins for further validation studies. / <p>QC 20170302</p>
78

Análise da influência das temperaturas de preaquecimento e TTPS na microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas da ZAC do aço AISI 4130 soldado por SAW / Analysis of the influence of the preheating temperature and PWHT on microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ of steel AISI 4130 welded by SAW

Silva, Fernando Fernandes da 04 January 2019 (has links)
Atualmente, há a necessidade de se desenvolver aços com alta resistência à propagação de trincas, especialmente em condições de carregamentos cíclicos, ou seja, resistentes à fadiga, na qual sua aplicabilidade se da em função de suas propriedades mecânicas. No presente trabalho estudou-se o efeito do preaquecimento na zona afetada pelo calor do aço AISI/SAE 4130 com composição química modificada, com altos teores de Mo, comparando as propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais nas condições como soldada, tratada termicamente e aplicando a técnica de Metodologia do Preaquecimento Combinado (MPC) com otimização de ciclos térmicos através da combinação do preaquecimento entre o 1º e 3º passe da 1º e 2º camada, respectivamente. A fim de avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, foram realizados ensaios de microdureza, mapeamento de dureza e ensaio de tenacidade ao impacto charpy. Para análise microestrutural, foi realizado microscopia ótica e microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) para analisar as regiões de grãos grosseiros, fino e as intersecções entre as regiões da Zona Afetada pelo Calor (ZAC), quando aplicado o MPC. Como resultado, observa-se que preaquecimento é uma forma efetiva de redução de dureza, chegando a uma redução máxima de 71 HV0,1, quando comparado às temperaturas de preaquecimento entre 150 e 400 ºC. No entanto há um severo efeito deletério na tenacidade, podendo chegar a uma queda de 71% da energia absorvida. O tratamento térmico pós soldagem (TTPS) se mostrou eficiente apenas para amostra soldada com temperaturas de preaquecimento de 150 ºC, para as demais temperaturas não houve benefício, tanto em redução de dureza, quanto na restauração da tenacidade. No entanto, para temperatura de preaquecimento de 230 ºC também foi observado o acréscimo de dureza após o TTPS devido ao efeito de endurecimento secundário por precipitação de carbonetos metálicos (MC). A técnica MPC se mostrou muito eficiente em redução da dureza e restauração da tenacidade, e este fenômeno está associado à capacidade de solubilizar os carbonetos que precipitam durante a soldagem, fenômeno que não ocorre com a aplicação do TTPS. / Currently, it is necessary to develop materials with high resistance to crack propagation, especially under conditions of cyclic loading condition such as fatigue resistant, in which its applicability is due to its mechanical properties. In the present work the effect of preheating in the heat-affected zone of the AISI / SAE 4130 steel with modified chemical composition (High Mo) was compared, regarding its mechanical and microstructural properties of each welding condition, As weld, post weld heat treated and applying the Methodology of combined preheating (MCP) with optimization of thermal cycles by combining the preheating between the 1st pass of 1st layer and the 3rd pass of 2nd layer. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, microhardness tests, hardness mapping and charpy V notch tests were performed. For microstructural analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the coarse grained regions and the intersections between the Heat Affected Zones (HAZ) regions, when applied to the MPC. As a result, it is observed that preheating is an effective form of reduction of hardness, reaching a maximum reduction of 71 HV0,1, when compared to the preheating temperatures between 150 and 400ºC, however there is a severe deleterious effect in the toughness, dropping up to 71% of the absorbed energy. The post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is efficient only for welded sample with preheating temperatures of 150 ºC, for the other temperatures there was no benefit, either in reduction of hardness or restoration of toughness. However, for the preheating temperature of 230 °C it was observed the increase of hardness after the PWHT due to the effect of secondary hardening by precipitation of metal carbides (MC). The MPC technique proved to be very efficient in decreasing hardness and restoring toughness, and this phenomenon is associated with the ability to solubilize the carbides that precipitate during welding, which is not observed while PWHT is applied.
79

Protein based approaches to understand and prevent contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Hamsten, Carl January 2009 (has links)
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) and is a vast problem in Africa. Current CBPP prevention is based on attenuated live strain vaccines, but these are limited by factors such as short-term immunity, cold-chain dependence and retained virulence. CBPP can be diagnosed using post-mortem examination, identification of the agent using culture and PCR based methods as well as serological diagnostic methods, but the latter are generally not sensitive enough and there is also demand for an inexpensive, pen side field test.The research presented in this thesis was focused on using recombinantly expressed surface proteins from M. mycoides SC to characterize humoral immune responses to CBPP. Thereby candidate proteins to be used in development of serological diagnostic methods and possibly subunit vaccines could be identified. As a first step, five putative variable surface proteins of M. mycoides SC were expressed and purified from E. coli in Paper I. These proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting techniques and results showed that one protein, MSC_0364, was variably expressed on the surface of M. mycoides SC in vitro. Paper II presents expanded efforts including cloning and expression of 64 recombinant surface proteins and an assay for high throughput analysis of protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM titers in hundreds of sera using a bead-based screening assay. The assay was evaluated by protein-specific inhibition experiments, comparisons to Western blotting and monitoring of immune responses over time in a study with sera taken from eight animals over 293 days from a previous vaccine trial.Papers III and IV present applications using the recombinant proteins and bead-based screening assay wherein proteins for diagnostic and vaccine development were identified. In Paper III, the assay was used to screen 61 proteins using well-characterized serum samples from cattle with CBPP and healthy controls, resulting in selection of eight proteins suitable for diagnostic use. These proteins were combined and evaluated in a proof-of-concept ELISA with a discriminative power that enabled 96% correct classification of sera from CBPP-affected and CBPP-free bovines. Paper IV reports the results and protein-specific analyses of a vaccine trial using the recombinant putative variable surface proteins presented in Paper I as a subunit vaccine. The vaccine conferred no protection, but a weak vaccine response could not be excluded as the cause of failure. In an effort to identity other protein candidates to be used in a subunit vaccine, protein-specific analysis of humoral immune responses elicited by the currently approved live strain vaccine, T1/44, were investigated. Here, five proteins with high IgG titers associated to immunity were identified: LppQ, MSC_02714, MSC_0136, MSC_0079 and MSC_0431. These proteins may be important in the development of a novel subunit vaccine against CBPP. / QC 20100719
80

Synthesis and characterization of novel cellulosics

Dash, Rajalaxmi 30 August 2012 (has links)
The search for alternatives to the fossil-based products has dramatically surged during past few decades primarily due to the problems associated with the scarcity of these sources and global environmental concerns. Among those many alternatives, exploitation of cellulose, as a raw material to develop novel products has been a constant attempt since it has never lost its both economic and industrial impact. Cellulose is known for its significant contribution as a raw material and as a fascinating sustainable macromolecule, which exhibits wide availability and versatile chemical reactivity to discover novel derivatives for broad range of applications. Conversion of cellulose C2/C3 secondary hydroxyl groups to dialdehyde groups in the presence of periodate is an extremely useful method for regioselective oxidation of cellulose and to activate the polymer for further derivatization. This thesis is primarily focused on synthesis and characterization of wide range of cellulose derivatives exploiting facile periodate oxidation methodology. The first study investigated the use of periodate oxidation as a potential method to synthesize a novel water soluble derivative of cellulose from bleached hardwood Kraft pulp. The work focused on the effect of periodate oxidation and sulfonation reaction on water solubility, morphology and structure of cellulose fibers. The results showed a significant increase in water solubility (2.85 -28.5 g/L) and complete change in surface morphology of the fibers due to the introduction of sulfonic acid groups. In the second study, the same reaction scheme was employed on bead cellulose to prepare anionic 2,3-disulfonated beads. Due to the presence of negatively charged sulfonic acid groups, the beads were found to be agglomerated in presence of cationic starch, exhibiting their future application in chromatographic separation. In the third study, model primary amine compounds such as methyl and butyl amines were grafted to nanowhisker surfaces following periodate oxidation and reductive amination. Then, based on the grafting procedure, in the following study, gamma aminobutyric acid (spacer) and syringyl alcohol (linker) was attached to periodate oxidized nanowhiskers to synthesize a novel drug delivery system. The final study investigated the application of periodate oxidized nanowhiskers as chemical cross-linkers to stabilize gelatin gels. It was concluded that the chemical cross-linking has a significant effect on relative increase in percentage of rigid protons, reduced water uptake ability and reduced pore size of the gels. Not only did the chemical cross-linking improve the storage modulus of the gels (150%) and but it also increased the thermal resistance until 50 oC.

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