O uso abusivo e indiscriminado de medicamentos tornou-se um dos grandes problemas mundiais de saúde pública, sobretudo para os velhos, por ser a população etária mais medicalizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as dimensões que influenciam o uso racional de medicamentos em uma população de velhos Remanescentes Quilombolas por meio de uma abordagem educativa á luz Freiriana, da comunidade de Malhadinha situada na cidade de Brejinho de Nazaré – Tocantins. Um estudo descritivo, de natureza quali-quantitativa, essa verificação ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e uma sensibilização conforme as necessidades, denominada por intervenção educativa. Participaram do estudo Remanescentes Quilombolas acima de 60 anos, acadêmicos da Universidade da Maturidade da Universidade Federal do Tocantins do polo de Malhadinha no município de Brejinho de Nazaré -TO. Os resultados identificaram alto indicie de velhos no grupo de analfabetos (46,2%) e 1-4 anos de escolaridade (34,6%). Evidencia-se que o exercício da automedicação é saliente entre os participantes, bem como o descuido com o tratamento, o uso de medicamentos sem prescrição médica e o descarte inadequado dos fármacos. Ocorre, ainda, casos de abandono de prescrição e o uso de medicamentos com indicação de familiares e amigos. Confirma que o armazenamento e descarte dos medicamentos ocorre de maneira inadequada. Destaca-se a busca de informações por meio da TV e dificuldade de acesso ao sistema de saúde. Quanto aos medicamentos relatados 34,61% dos participantes utilizam medicamento inapropriados conforme os Critérios de Beers-Fick, correspondendo a 21,21% de todos os medicamentos citados. Conclui-se que a cartilha proposta nesta pesquisa contribuirá para a construção de uma sociedade mais preparada para enfrentar criticamente as informações vinculadas sobre cuidados medicamentos e com a saúde. Estimulando quanto ao desenvolvimento de hábitos saudáveis e o uso racional de medicamentos, sem submergir a essência da cultura Quilombola, não apenas respeitando as diferenças, mas adotando os conceitos de Paulo Freire, compreendendo como riquezas culturais com as quais todos podem aprender e desenvolver. / The Indiscriminate use of drugs has become a world leading public health problems , especially for the old , for being the most medicalized age population. The goal of this study was to identify the dimensions that influence the rational use of drugs in an elder Quilombolas remnants population through an educative approach based on Freire’s thoughts, in the community of Malhadinha located in the city of Brejinho de Nazaré – Tocantins. A Descriptive Study, of quantitative and qualitative nature, this verification occured through semi-structured interviews and a sensibilization as required, nominated by educative intervention. Participated in the study Quilombolas remnants over 60 years, academics from the Malhadinha pole of Universidade da Maturidade of the Universidade Federal do Tocantins in the city of Brejinho de Nazaré – TO. The results showed high elderly rate in the illiterate group (46.2%) and 1-4 years of education (34.6%). It is evident that the act of self-medication is relevant among the participants as well as the careless treatment, the use of non-prescription drugs and the improper drug disposal. It may also happen prescription leavers and the drug use indicated by family and friends. Supports that the storage and drugs disposal occurs inappropriately. Noteworthy is the search of information through the TV and difficult acces to health care. As for the drugs reported by the participants, 21.21% are included in the Beers-Fick Criteria. We conclude that the booklet proposed in this research will contribute to build a more prepared society to critically face the linked information on health care and medicines. Corroborating to the development of healthy habits, encouraging the rational drug use, without submerging the essence of Quilombola culture, not only respecting differences, but adopting the Paulo Freire’s concepts, comprising as a cultural enrichment in which everyone can learn and develop.

Candidate: Zuzana Očovská1 Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Martina Maříková2 1 Department Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University 2 University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hospital Pharmacy, Head of the Division of Clinical Pharmacy Title of the master thesis: The analysis of drug-related problems potentially leading to hospitalization among geriatric patients Hospital admissions due to drug-related problems (DRPs) represent a relevant clinical issue with significant economic consequences. Polypharmacy and age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes make elderly patients particularly prone to develop DRP. The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis was to introduce the issue of drug-related problems and to outline the results of previous studies concerning drug-related hospitalizations among geriatric patients. The aim of the practical part was to determine the prevalence of DRP potentially leading to hospitalization and to identify the most common medication classes involved in these DRPs. Over the period of six months 200 admissions to geriatric ward of III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic of University Hospital Hradec Králové have been retrospectively evaluated in order to determine whether the...

Sewage effluents disposed into the marine environment from De Beers Marine Namibia diamond mining vessels have the potential to cause endocrine disruptive effects in marine organisms. Endocrine disruption refers to the alteration of the normal functioning of the endocrine system and various chemicals have the ability to mimic hormones, effecting endogenous hormone synthesis, transport, receptor interaction and intracellular signaling. The potential endocrine disruptive effects, caused by the release of different types of sewage effluents into the ocean, on fish species is a concern due to the commercial importance of fish species found in the mining area e.g. hake, sole, horse mackerel. Increased awareness of marine environmental degradation due to the presence of chemical contaminants has resulted in research being done on early warning systems, in the form of biomarkers. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A (CYP1A) and vitellogenin (vtg) are important proteins found in fish liver and blood, that have been used as biomarkers for the detection of pollutants in fish. CYP1A is a subfamily of the P450 superfamily of enzymes and catalyzes the oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction of exogenous and endogenous compounds (phase I reactions) and thus has the capacity to regulate the metabolism of several organic contaminants. CYP1A expression is altered by exposure to planar xenobiotic compounds e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Vtg is an important precursor for egg yolk proteins and plays a role in the growth and development of an oocyte. Expression of this protein is altered upon exposure to estrogenic compounds. The aim of this project was to isolate CYP1A from fish liver by differential centrifugation and optimize conditions for the CYP1A-mediated ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase (EROD) assay and western blot analysis (to assess CYP1A expression). Another aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of biologically disruptive chemicals from sewage effluents, discharged into the marine environment, on the expression of CYP1A in two species of hake, Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus (Cape hake). CYP1A in Cape hake is approximately a 60 kDa protein and the highest EROD activity was detected in the microsomal fraction after differential centrifugation. Optimal EROD assay conditions were observed at pH 7.5, a temperature of 25 °C, 10 μl of sample and a reaction time of 30 seconds. Enzyme stability assays indicated a drastic decrease in enzyme activity after 30 seconds. The EROD assay was not NADPH dependent but was limited by NADPH supply, with an increase of 300% in EROD activity being observed with the addition of 0.1 M exogenous NADPH. The addition of dicumarol (40 μM), a phase II enzyme inhibitor, showed a 232% increase in EROD activity. This is because dicumarol inhibited enzymes with the capacity to metabolize the product (resorufin) of the EROD reaction. With regard to western blot analysis, the optimal primary (rabbit antifish CYP1A peptide) and secondary (anti-mouse/rabbit antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (POD)) antibody dilutions were determined to be 1:1000 and 1:5000, respectively. The comparison of CYP1A expression in Cape hake samples from De Beers Marine mining area and reference sites showed higher EROD activity (16.29 ± 0.91 pmol/min) in fish samples from the mining area in comparison to the reference site (10.42 ± 2.65 pmol/min). Western blot analysis was in agreement with the EROD assay results and a higher CYP1A expression was observed in fish from the mining sites. The increased CYP1A expression observed in fish from the mining area is not definitively an indication of a pollutant effect in the environment, as several environmental and biological factors (e.g. photoperiod and age) must also be considered before reaching this conclusion. Another aim of this study was to purify vtg from Cape hake blood samples. Cape hake vtg was purified from fish plasma by selective precipitation with MgCl2 and EDTA. Precipitated sample was subjected to anion exchange chromatography using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Vtg eluted as two broad peaks and had a molecular weight above 200 kDa. SDS-PAGE analysis also resolved smaller molecular weight proteins below 70 kDa, which were thought to be vitellogenin cleavage proteins, lipovitellin and phosphovitins. Western blot analysis was performed; however, it did not produce any conclusive results. The purification of vtg enables further studies in characterizing this protein and developing assay aimed at detecting estrogenic pollutants in the marine environment

No description available.

nÃo hà / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da implantaÃÃo do controle fiscal eletrÃnico da produÃÃo de bebidas composto pelo Sistema de MediÃÃo de VazÃo â SMV e pelo Sistema de Controle de Bebidas - SICOBE, sobre o nÃvel da arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS da atividade econÃmica da fabricaÃÃo de cervejas e refrigerantes do Estado do CearÃ. Para tanto, utilizouse os seguintes parÃmetros: a base de dados da arrecadaÃÃo mensal de ICMS, a receita do imposto sobre produtos industrializados â IPI, o nÃmero de postos de trabalho ocupados na indÃstria e a quantidade de energia elÃtrica utilizados na atividade industrial das empresas do setor de bebidas sediadas no Cearà do perÃodo de 2002 a 2011. Essas bases sÃo compostas de duas categorias de contribuintes: indÃstrias de bebidas quentes e indÃstrias de bebidas frias. Utilizou-se a metodologia aplicada aos experimentos naturais usando a tÃcnica diferenÃa da diferenÃa. Como resultado foi observado que a introduÃÃo do controle eletrÃnico da produÃÃo gerou um incremento significativo na arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS das indÃstrias de bebidas no Estado do CearÃ. / The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electronic fiscal control of the production of beverage composed by the Flow Measurement System - SMV and the Liquor Control System â Sicobe, on the level of the collection of ICMS, of beers and soft drinks manufactured at the state of CearÃ. We used the the database of beverage factories of the state of Cearà in the period of 2002 to 2011 on following parameters, the monthly collection of ICMS, the amount of collect tax over industrialized products â IPI, the number of jobs and the amount of electricity consumption. The industries were classified into two categories of taxpayers: the hot beverage and cold beverages industries. We used the methodology difference of difference, commonly applied to natural experiments.

The study investigates the establishment and development of the Kimberley Africana Library and its mother institution, the Kimberley Public Library within the broader social, economical and political environment in which they took place. The history of these institutions is inextricable until 1984 when the public and Africana sections of the Library were separated and the Kimberley Africana Library was opened to the public in 1986. It was the exceptional collections of Africana and rare books which distinguished the Kimberley Public Library and the main factor which bound the history of these two institutions. The Kimberley Public Library and its progeny the Kimberley Africana Library are the products of a new industrialised era which came about after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa. They emanated from an environment which produced the new wealth of the country, an almost uncharted region which was relatively new to the established British colonies. In order to place the origins of and motivation for the establishment of the Kimberley Public Library and the Kimberley Africana Library in perspective, it is necessary in this study also to include an overview of the development of the diamond mining industry in Kimberley. This development, peculiar as it was to Kimberley, gave rise to the type of social and cultural milieu in which the Public Library was founded by the immigrants to this area. Also included in the study is a brief survey of the development of the library movement in South Africa and the role played by the Kimberley Public Library in the growth of this movement and in the expansion of public library services to the people of the country. The history of the Kimberley Public/Africana Library which covers a period of more than a century is divided into three distinct periods, namely that which deals with the institution as a Subscription Library from 1882 until 1960 and, from 1961 as a free library under the jurisdiction of the Kimberley Municipality and affiliated to the Cape Provincial Library Service. The third period concerns the dichotomisation of the Kimberley Public Library and the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library in 1986 to house the Library’s renowned collection of Africana and rare books. This section also deals with the period after 1994 when the Kimberley Libraries functioned under the new political dispensation in South Africa. Emphasis is laid on the formation, nature and scope of the Africana Collection which was the raison d’etre for the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library and the most significant of the items in the collection are broadly described. The study concludes with an assessment of the challenges the Kimberley Africana Library faces and suggests ways and means of resolving these. An Appendix entitled The Founders and the Builders is added in order to elaborate on the exceptional contributions of several prominent Committee members and Librarians who controlled and managed these institutions from their inception in 1882 until 2008. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)

The study investigates the establishment and development of the Kimberley Africana Library and its mother institution, the Kimberley Public Library within the broader social, economical and political environment in which they took place. The history of these institutions is inextricable until 1984 when the public and Africana sections of the Library were separated and the Kimberley Africana Library was opened to the public in 1986. It was the exceptional collections of Africana and rare books which distinguished the Kimberley Public Library and the main factor which bound the history of these two institutions. The Kimberley Public Library and its progeny the Kimberley Africana Library are the products of a new industrialised era which came about after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa. They emanated from an environment which produced the new wealth of the country, an almost uncharted region which was relatively new to the established British colonies. In order to place the origins of and motivation for the establishment of the Kimberley Public Library and the Kimberley Africana Library in perspective, it is necessary in this study also to include an overview of the development of the diamond mining industry in Kimberley. This development, peculiar as it was to Kimberley, gave rise to the type of social and cultural milieu in which the Public Library was founded by the immigrants to this area. Also included in the study is a brief survey of the development of the library movement in South Africa and the role played by the Kimberley Public Library in the growth of this movement and in the expansion of public library services to the people of the country. The history of the Kimberley Public/Africana Library which covers a period of more than a century is divided into three distinct periods, namely that which deals with the institution as a Subscription Library from 1882 until 1960 and, from 1961 as a free library under the jurisdiction of the Kimberley Municipality and affiliated to the Cape Provincial Library Service. The third period concerns the dichotomisation of the Kimberley Public Library and the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library in 1986 to house the Library’s renowned collection of Africana and rare books. This section also deals with the period after 1994 when the Kimberley Libraries functioned under the new political dispensation in South Africa. Emphasis is laid on the formation, nature and scope of the Africana Collection which was the raison d’etre for the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library and the most significant of the items in the collection are broadly described. The study concludes with an assessment of the challenges the Kimberley Africana Library faces and suggests ways and means of resolving these. An Appendix entitled The Founders and the Builders is added in order to elaborate on the exceptional contributions of several prominent Committee members and Librarians who controlled and managed these institutions from their inception in 1882 until 2008. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)