This research is aimed at the needs of counsellors working with children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. A lack of sufficient guidelines for this field has been identified in the relevant literature. This shortage has been confirmed by experienced counsellors working with children. To reach the required goal a number of objectives were set. This included setting up a theoretical framework by way of a literature study as well as consultation with experts in the field; studying the developmental needs of children in the mid childhood phase and how these needs are influenced by HIV/AIDS; the need for guidance of children affected by AIDS as well as the role that counsellors can play in this regard. An empirical study was undertaken during which focus group interviews were held with a group of lay counsellors as well as a group of trained counsellors. Ten participants took part in the focus groups. Applied research was undertaken as the researcher aimed at establishing the true needs of counsellors working in the field. The empirical data showed the following: Ø Counsellors feel that they have a specific role to play during the therapy with AIDS-affected children. Ø Counsellors have definite views on the needs of children affected by AIDS. Ø Counsellors have listed specific skills and training needed by therapists working with these children. Ø Counsellors have listed definite shortcomings and needs that they experience in their work with AIDS-affected children. The basic need for the establishing of a protocol to be used in guidance of children infected and affected by AIDS was one of the key findings of the study. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

It has been established that there is a deficit of research on the pastoral care of couples struggling with GRC (gender-role conflict). The focus of the study was to provide guidelines for the pastoral counsellor, so that he/she can apply effective marriage counselling to couples struggling with GRC. This is achieved by using Osmer’s four tasks of practical theology, namely: * The descriptive-empirical task – What is going on? * The interpretive task – Why is this going on? * The normative task – What ought to be going on? * The pragmatic task – How might we respond? The first task has been approached through empirical research with the aim to get an understanding of the participants’ experience regarding GRC in their marriages as well as their view of GRC. The empirical research was conducted by a qualitative research method using questionnaires (containing short and long questions) given to participants to answer. With the execution of this research, several aspects were identified that deserve further attention for the implementation of this study, namely: GRC result from a person’s involvement (or lack thereof) in a particular case, people’s reasons for the same GRC differ because of their experience of it, men and women experience GRC differently, people’s careers can be a determining factor of GRC, finance is the biggest GRC that people struggle with, people’s age and age differences may be linked to their experience of GRC and people are influenced by their parents. The second task has been approached through research especially in psychology, sociology and anthropology with the objective to further understand the issues that were raised in the previous chapter. Each of these issues are identified as a possible cause of GRC and discussed through various theories and research. The third task has been approached through exegesis of four pericopes with the aim to gain insight in connection with the Scripture’s perspective regarding the marriage relationship. A selection of 16 steps of Janse van Rensburg’s steps in conceiving a sermon is used to carry out the exegesis. The pericopes used for exegesis is the following: Genesis 1:26-31, 1 Corinthians 11:8-12, Galatians 3:26-29 and Ephesians 5:21-33. The fourth task has been approached by referring to certain counselling skills and guidelines with the aim to provide guidance in the pastoral counselling of couples struggling with GRC. All research done eventually leads to the point where certain strategies can be suggested for the pastoral counselling of couples struggling with GRC. The central theoretical argument of this study is partly met by acquiring an understanding of GRC, focusing on spiritual growth and ultimately making recommendations for effective pastoral counselling to couples, so that they can be guided to a better Christ-centered marriage. / MA (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

It has been established that there is a deficit of research on the pastoral care of couples struggling with GRC (gender-role conflict). The focus of the study was to provide guidelines for the pastoral counsellor, so that he/she can apply effective marriage counselling to couples struggling with GRC. This is achieved by using Osmer’s four tasks of practical theology, namely: * The descriptive-empirical task – What is going on? * The interpretive task – Why is this going on? * The normative task – What ought to be going on? * The pragmatic task – How might we respond? The first task has been approached through empirical research with the aim to get an understanding of the participants’ experience regarding GRC in their marriages as well as their view of GRC. The empirical research was conducted by a qualitative research method using questionnaires (containing short and long questions) given to participants to answer. With the execution of this research, several aspects were identified that deserve further attention for the implementation of this study, namely: GRC result from a person’s involvement (or lack thereof) in a particular case, people’s reasons for the same GRC differ because of their experience of it, men and women experience GRC differently, people’s careers can be a determining factor of GRC, finance is the biggest GRC that people struggle with, people’s age and age differences may be linked to their experience of GRC and people are influenced by their parents. The second task has been approached through research especially in psychology, sociology and anthropology with the objective to further understand the issues that were raised in the previous chapter. Each of these issues are identified as a possible cause of GRC and discussed through various theories and research. The third task has been approached through exegesis of four pericopes with the aim to gain insight in connection with the Scripture’s perspective regarding the marriage relationship. A selection of 16 steps of Janse van Rensburg’s steps in conceiving a sermon is used to carry out the exegesis. The pericopes used for exegesis is the following: Genesis 1:26-31, 1 Corinthians 11:8-12, Galatians 3:26-29 and Ephesians 5:21-33. The fourth task has been approached by referring to certain counselling skills and guidelines with the aim to provide guidance in the pastoral counselling of couples struggling with GRC. All research done eventually leads to the point where certain strategies can be suggested for the pastoral counselling of couples struggling with GRC. The central theoretical argument of this study is partly met by acquiring an understanding of GRC, focusing on spiritual growth and ultimately making recommendations for effective pastoral counselling to couples, so that they can be guided to a better Christ-centered marriage. / MA (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The objective of this practical theological study was to explore to what extent a pastoral accentuation of Christian teachers as role models can result in a new perspective on the teacher-learner relationship in the South African school context. For this purpose, a research question was formulated with the eye on identifying elements of pastoral knowledge and skills to equip the Christian teacher to lead learners by means of a metaphorical deployment of his/her function as a role model towards spiritual maturity. Basic theoretical guidelines were formulated from Scripture to describe the metaphorical functions in the pastoral role of Christian teachers. The function of biblical metaphors such as shepherd, servant, comforter, priest, prophet and king were described. A literary investigation was conducted to explain the educational milieu in which teachers in the South African schooling system operate. In this section of the study, as a result of investigations into related sciences, the following aspects came to light: the question regarding the essence of education; the role and function of the teacher; the role of the learner and also the role of the school as an educational institution. An empirical study was done to gain further perspective on the realities, with which teachers in South African schools are faced with on daily basis, and how they visualise their role in this context. A qualitative research method was done by interviewing Christian teachers. The methodological model of Zerfass was used as a framework, to establish hermeneutical interaction between basic-theoretical, meta-theoretical and empirical aspects. Thereafter my own model was designed to provide guidelines to the Christian teacher to fulfil his/her role, as a role model for learners. Research findings indicate that a Christian teacher?s metaphorical deployment of his/her function as role model can indeed play a vital role in the education situation in the context of the current South African school system. However, there seems to be some uncertainty in the midst of teachers about what exactly the metaphorical functions comprise and the need for further equipment in this regard proved to be necessary. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The objective of this practical theological study was to explore to what extent a pastoral accentuation of Christian teachers as role models can result in a new perspective on the teacher-learner relationship in the South African school context. For this purpose, a research question was formulated with the eye on identifying elements of pastoral knowledge and skills to equip the Christian teacher to lead learners by means of a metaphorical deployment of his/her function as a role model towards spiritual maturity. Basic theoretical guidelines were formulated from Scripture to describe the metaphorical functions in the pastoral role of Christian teachers. The function of biblical metaphors such as shepherd, servant, comforter, priest, prophet and king were described. A literary investigation was conducted to explain the educational milieu in which teachers in the South African schooling system operate. In this section of the study, as a result of investigations into related sciences, the following aspects came to light: the question regarding the essence of education; the role and function of the teacher; the role of the learner and also the role of the school as an educational institution. An empirical study was done to gain further perspective on the realities, with which teachers in South African schools are faced with on daily basis, and how they visualise their role in this context. A qualitative research method was done by interviewing Christian teachers. The methodological model of Zerfass was used as a framework, to establish hermeneutical interaction between basic-theoretical, meta-theoretical and empirical aspects. Thereafter my own model was designed to provide guidelines to the Christian teacher to fulfil his/her role, as a role model for learners. Research findings indicate that a Christian teacher?s metaphorical deployment of his/her function as role model can indeed play a vital role in the education situation in the context of the current South African school system. However, there seems to be some uncertainty in the midst of teachers about what exactly the metaphorical functions comprise and the need for further equipment in this regard proved to be necessary. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Exposure of employees to traumatic experiences in the workplace is a reality that many organisations face. Although not every person exposed to a traumatic experience will necessarily develop post-traumatic stress, the workplace still has a responsibility to assist individuals to deal with psychological reactions after a traumatic experience. The South African Police Service (SAPS) is one such organisation, where employees run a particularly high risk of being exposed to traumatic experiences while performing their tasks. In order to help employees of the SAPS to debrief their trauma, trauma counsellors are necessary. Within the SAPS, trauma counsellors are trained in an adapted version of Mitchell’s Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model, with the underlying focus to establish a sense of safety for the police official. The trauma counsellors in the SAPS are trained by means of an experiential learning experience, where journaling is utilised to capture personal experiences during the training. The objective of the study was therefore to explore the experience of counsellors during a trauma counselling training programme. A qualitative research design was utilised following a phenomenology approach. The social constructivism paradigm was also utilised in this research study. Trauma counsellors (N=12) in the SAPS were used as case study for this research, where a purposive homogeneous non-probability sampling technique was implemented. The journal entries made by the participants during the nine day training programme were used as a data collection method. Four categories were extracted from the data, namely, thoughts regarding trauma counsellor’s experiences, emotion experiences of counsellors, the impact of daily experiences on counsellors and the participants’ view on how their competence of efficiency would change in the future. The results showed that the training programme was an effective strategy to train the counsellors. The counsellors showed increased self-awareness and self-insight after the training. The participants gained insight and understanding of how police officials experience trauma. The findings showed that the participants felt empowered and more confident to assist police officials with their trauma recovery. In relation to their training, counsellors made recommendations for the future training of trauma counsellors within the SAPS. Finally, recommendations were made for future research as well as the implications of the study for the industrial psychology practise. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Exposure of employees to traumatic experiences in the workplace is a reality that many organisations face. Although not every person exposed to a traumatic experience will necessarily develop post-traumatic stress, the workplace still has a responsibility to assist individuals to deal with psychological reactions after a traumatic experience. The South African Police Service (SAPS) is one such organisation, where employees run a particularly high risk of being exposed to traumatic experiences while performing their tasks. In order to help employees of the SAPS to debrief their trauma, trauma counsellors are necessary. Within the SAPS, trauma counsellors are trained in an adapted version of Mitchell’s Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model, with the underlying focus to establish a sense of safety for the police official. The trauma counsellors in the SAPS are trained by means of an experiential learning experience, where journaling is utilised to capture personal experiences during the training. The objective of the study was therefore to explore the experience of counsellors during a trauma counselling training programme. A qualitative research design was utilised following a phenomenology approach. The social constructivism paradigm was also utilised in this research study. Trauma counsellors (N=12) in the SAPS were used as case study for this research, where a purposive homogeneous non-probability sampling technique was implemented. The journal entries made by the participants during the nine day training programme were used as a data collection method. Four categories were extracted from the data, namely, thoughts regarding trauma counsellor’s experiences, emotion experiences of counsellors, the impact of daily experiences on counsellors and the participants’ view on how their competence of efficiency would change in the future. The results showed that the training programme was an effective strategy to train the counsellors. The counsellors showed increased self-awareness and self-insight after the training. The participants gained insight and understanding of how police officials experience trauma. The findings showed that the participants felt empowered and more confident to assist police officials with their trauma recovery. In relation to their training, counsellors made recommendations for the future training of trauma counsellors within the SAPS. Finally, recommendations were made for future research as well as the implications of the study for the industrial psychology practise. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study deals with pastoral guidance for persons who, due to unresolved trauma, are often emotionally and spiritually wounded and consequently exhibit internalised lies. Some important questions relating to this theme put on the table here include the following: * What is the origin of an internalised lie? * What effect do these lies have on the life of the wounded person? * What is truth and how can it be discerned? * How can the wounded person be guided and protected in the renewal of his/her thinking? The basic–theoretical research shows that being emotionally wounded and the accompanying internalisation of lies usually take place during childhood. This is the period when the child does not have the verbal, emotional or spiritual competence to interpret correctly or assimilate trauma and the accompanying injury. Further it transpires that the emotionally wounded person is engaged in a daily struggle with Satan and that the struggle mainly lodges in his heart and thoughts, and is based on lies. From this section it is also clear that only truth can overcome the onslaught of Satan's misrepresentation and that the truth can only be reached in a relationship with Jesus Christ. The wounded person has the choice of whom to follow, Satan or Jesus. It is therefore essential for such a person to take up the daily responsibility for the renewal and control of his mind. For this the Lord provides special weapons with which the struggle for renewal of one?s thoughts can successfully be approached. Meta–theoretical research has shown that optimal brain functioning is of cardinal importance in the renewal of the mind since behaviour, personality, cognitive ability, emotions as well as thoughts all originate in the brain. The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and the way it functions affects a person?s choices, vision and personality as well as success or failure in life. In the case of a person manifesting broken relationships or compulsive behaviour patterns, it must first be ascertained whether the brain functions correctly before labelling the person with some or other abnormality. The study shows that the brain does have the ability to recover with the help of diet and exercise as well as attitude of mind. The empirical study involved six collaborators who had been exposed to inter–generative trauma and consequently had exhibited internalised lies. Information relevant to trauma, medical background, head injuries and the family of origin was collected and after being processed, was presented in a genogram. The structure and style of every family as well as the role of the particular respondent in every family was represented schematically and explained to the respondent. From the practical–theoretical section it clearly emerged that emotional and spiritual healing can only take place by means of God's Word and his truth. In this respect it is essential that the injured person should take daily responsibility regarding the renewal of his mind. After all, transformation is a process demanding patience and practice as well as faith in Christ and it is clear that there are no shortcuts to healing. To reach the necessary goals in this process an integrated holistic approach is necessary where the different neighbouring sciences are involved. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study deals with pastoral guidance for persons who, due to unresolved trauma, are often emotionally and spiritually wounded and consequently exhibit internalised lies. Some important questions relating to this theme put on the table here include the following: * What is the origin of an internalised lie? * What effect do these lies have on the life of the wounded person? * What is truth and how can it be discerned? * How can the wounded person be guided and protected in the renewal of his/her thinking? The basic–theoretical research shows that being emotionally wounded and the accompanying internalisation of lies usually take place during childhood. This is the period when the child does not have the verbal, emotional or spiritual competence to interpret correctly or assimilate trauma and the accompanying injury. Further it transpires that the emotionally wounded person is engaged in a daily struggle with Satan and that the struggle mainly lodges in his heart and thoughts, and is based on lies. From this section it is also clear that only truth can overcome the onslaught of Satan's misrepresentation and that the truth can only be reached in a relationship with Jesus Christ. The wounded person has the choice of whom to follow, Satan or Jesus. It is therefore essential for such a person to take up the daily responsibility for the renewal and control of his mind. For this the Lord provides special weapons with which the struggle for renewal of one?s thoughts can successfully be approached. Meta–theoretical research has shown that optimal brain functioning is of cardinal importance in the renewal of the mind since behaviour, personality, cognitive ability, emotions as well as thoughts all originate in the brain. The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and the way it functions affects a person?s choices, vision and personality as well as success or failure in life. In the case of a person manifesting broken relationships or compulsive behaviour patterns, it must first be ascertained whether the brain functions correctly before labelling the person with some or other abnormality. The study shows that the brain does have the ability to recover with the help of diet and exercise as well as attitude of mind. The empirical study involved six collaborators who had been exposed to inter–generative trauma and consequently had exhibited internalised lies. Information relevant to trauma, medical background, head injuries and the family of origin was collected and after being processed, was presented in a genogram. The structure and style of every family as well as the role of the particular respondent in every family was represented schematically and explained to the respondent. From the practical–theoretical section it clearly emerged that emotional and spiritual healing can only take place by means of God's Word and his truth. In this respect it is essential that the injured person should take daily responsibility regarding the renewal of his mind. After all, transformation is a process demanding patience and practice as well as faith in Christ and it is clear that there are no shortcuts to healing. To reach the necessary goals in this process an integrated holistic approach is necessary where the different neighbouring sciences are involved. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Please read the abstract in the dissertation. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted