In a changing South Africa with a new education system, it has become necessary to determine the degree to which multicultural guidance is provided in secondary schools. The aim of the research was to: • Identify by means of a literature study, the principles of multicultural guidance in a number of countries abroad; • determine empirically, the degree to which the principles of guidance are applied in multicultural schools in the Gauteng Province. To this end concepts such as culture, ethnicity, race, racism, multicultural education, guidance and multicultural guidance had to be described. An historical approach to multicultural education and the research with regard to multicultural guidance were described at length. The development of school guidance in multicultural schools in South Africa was subsequently discussed in more detail, especially the implementation of an effective guidance programme in multicultural schools. An in-depth discussion with regard to the principles of guidance in general and of multicultural guidance in particular, as well as guidance in multicultural schools, were highlighted. An empirical investigation was done by means of frequency tables, correlation coefficients and factor analyses. These were subsequently interpreted: The most important finding was that multicultural guidance in secondary schools does not receive its due. Several deficiencies were identified in this regard. It is recommended that the Gauteng Education Department should pay specific attention to specialised training programmes in that province. The time has come that the Head of Department : Guidance/Guidance teacher should make certain theoretical as well as practical changes to guidance. Multicultural guidance should be ethically-founded. Multicultural perspectives should be built into education, and specifically into guidance programmes. Each person should realise that South Africa and especially education, are moving towards a multicultural future and this requires acceptance and acknowledgement of each other, regardless of culture. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1998

In a changing South Africa with a new education system, it has become necessary to determine the degree to which multicultural guidance is provided in secondary schools. The aim of the research was to: • Identify by means of a literature study, the principles of multicultural guidance in a number of countries abroad; • determine empirically, the degree to which the principles of guidance are applied in multicultural schools in the Gauteng Province. To this end concepts such as culture, ethnicity, race, racism, multicultural education, guidance and multicultural guidance had to be described. An historical approach to multicultural education and the research with regard to multicultural guidance were described at length. The development of school guidance in multicultural schools in South Africa was subsequently discussed in more detail, especially the implementation of an effective guidance programme in multicultural schools. An in-depth discussion with regard to the principles of guidance in general and of multicultural guidance in particular, as well as guidance in multicultural schools, were highlighted. An empirical investigation was done by means of frequency tables, correlation coefficients and factor analyses. These were subsequently interpreted: The most important finding was that multicultural guidance in secondary schools does not receive its due. Several deficiencies were identified in this regard. It is recommended that the Gauteng Education Department should pay specific attention to specialised training programmes in that province. The time has come that the Head of Department : Guidance/Guidance teacher should make certain theoretical as well as practical changes to guidance. Multicultural guidance should be ethically-founded. Multicultural perspectives should be built into education, and specifically into guidance programmes. Each person should realise that South Africa and especially education, are moving towards a multicultural future and this requires acceptance and acknowledgement of each other, regardless of culture. / Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1998

The aim of this study is to explore and describe late adolescents' experiences of using Mxit as a source of peer–support during their Grade 12 year in order to provide a broader and more realistic understanding of their support preferences and needs. The classic text of Gestalt Therapy theory in conjunction with current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this study, including the key tenets of Gestalt theory, the core Gestalt theoretical assumptions, Mxit as a social networking application, peer–support and late adolescence. A qualitative research approach with an instrumental case study of eight Grade 12 learners from one public high school in the Northern suburbs of Johannesburg was implemented. The research findings indicated that the affordability, accessibility and non–threatening nature of using Mxit as a source of peer–support made it a viable resource during stressful periods. Although face–to–face peer–support was preferred owing to the limited existential dialogue and lack of trust that was experienced while communicating over Mxit, the adolescents perceived a need for the development of peer–support groups and one–on–one counselling over Mxit as a result of the lack of supportive others experienced during Grade 12 that frequently led to depressive symptoms and/or suicidal thoughts. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The aim of this study is to explore and describe late adolescents' experiences of using Mxit as a source of peer–support during their Grade 12 year in order to provide a broader and more realistic understanding of their support preferences and needs. The classic text of Gestalt Therapy theory in conjunction with current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this study, including the key tenets of Gestalt theory, the core Gestalt theoretical assumptions, Mxit as a social networking application, peer–support and late adolescence. A qualitative research approach with an instrumental case study of eight Grade 12 learners from one public high school in the Northern suburbs of Johannesburg was implemented. The research findings indicated that the affordability, accessibility and non–threatening nature of using Mxit as a source of peer–support made it a viable resource during stressful periods. Although face–to–face peer–support was preferred owing to the limited existential dialogue and lack of trust that was experienced while communicating over Mxit, the adolescents perceived a need for the development of peer–support groups and one–on–one counselling over Mxit as a result of the lack of supportive others experienced during Grade 12 that frequently led to depressive symptoms and/or suicidal thoughts. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This research explores the potential value for the application of the visual expressionistic arts, as well as the application of forensic art for the emancipation of victims of violent crime. Qualitative research methods are used in order to make certain assumptions and recommendations for the application of the forensic arts in the emancipation of traumatized victims. The research is based on the view that human behaviour is influenced by different internal and external contextual influences. The theoretical basis for the research is further supported by the grounding principals of the psycho-analytic, symbolic interactionistic and the phenomenological theoretical approaches. The potential for the application of the forensic arts during crisis intervention and trauma counselling as a therapeutic technique and a communication medium are investigated. The potential forensic value of the victims’ art for the criminal justice system is also explored during the research. / Die navorsing ondersoek die potensiele waarde vir die aanwending van die tradisionele visuele beeldende kunste asook die aanwending van die forensiese kunste vir die emansipasie van slagoffers van geweldsmisdaad. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes word tydens die navorsing gebruik ten einde sekere afleidings en aanbevelings te maak aangaande die aanwending van die forensiese kuns vir die emansipasie van getraumatiseerde misdaadslagoffers. Die navorsing word teoreties gebaseer op die beskouing van die mens wie se gedrag beinvloed word deur verskillende interne en eksterne kontekstuele invloede. Die teoretiese basis vir die navorsing word verder ondersteun deur die grondbeginsels van die psigo-analise, simboliese interaksionisme en die fenomenologiese teoretiese benaderings. Die potensiaal vir die aanwending van forensiese kuns as 'n terapeutiese tegniek en kommunikasiemedium tydens krisisingryping en berading word ondersoek. Die potensiele forensiese waarde van misdaadslagoffers se kuns in die regsplegingstelsel word ook in die navorsing ondersoek. / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This research explores the potential value for the application of the visual expressionistic arts, as well as the application of forensic art for the emancipation of victims of violent crime. Qualitative research methods are used in order to make certain assumptions and recommendations for the application of the forensic arts in the emancipation of traumatized victims. The research is based on the view that human behaviour is influenced by different internal and external contextual influences. The theoretical basis for the research is further supported by the grounding principals of the psycho-analytic, symbolic interactionistic and the phenomenological theoretical approaches. The potential for the application of the forensic arts during crisis intervention and trauma counselling as a therapeutic technique and a communication medium are investigated. The potential forensic value of the victims’ art for the criminal justice system is also explored during the research. / Die navorsing ondersoek die potensiele waarde vir die aanwending van die tradisionele visuele beeldende kunste asook die aanwending van die forensiese kunste vir die emansipasie van slagoffers van geweldsmisdaad. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes word tydens die navorsing gebruik ten einde sekere afleidings en aanbevelings te maak aangaande die aanwending van die forensiese kuns vir die emansipasie van getraumatiseerde misdaadslagoffers. Die navorsing word teoreties gebaseer op die beskouing van die mens wie se gedrag beinvloed word deur verskillende interne en eksterne kontekstuele invloede. Die teoretiese basis vir die navorsing word verder ondersteun deur die grondbeginsels van die psigo-analise, simboliese interaksionisme en die fenomenologiese teoretiese benaderings. Die potensiaal vir die aanwending van forensiese kuns as 'n terapeutiese tegniek en kommunikasiemedium tydens krisisingryping en berading word ondersoek. Die potensiele forensiese waarde van misdaadslagoffers se kuns in die regsplegingstelsel word ook in die navorsing ondersoek. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

The aim of this study was to describe the nurses‘ perception of termination of pregnancy and her perception of her conduct towards clients that request termination of pregnancy guided by Kings‘ Systems Approach and Goal Attainment Theory. A non-experimental quantitative descriptive correlational design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used consisting of institutions in the Western Cape, available to participate in this study, which deliver termination of pregnancy services, gov ernment health care institutions (21) and Marie Stopes clinics (3). Non-probability convenience sampling was used consisting of registered nurses who are working in termination of pregnancy units in these facilities (N=82). Data were collected through the administration of a self-designed questionnaire. The main findings of the study indicate that respondents (personal system) appear to feel positive about the work they are doing. Formal improvement and development are however not utilised optimally. Regarding the interpersonal system, respondents also show a positive orientation to both the woman opting for termination of pregnancy and the foetus. The potential towards transaction and ultimately goal attainment reside within this system. The respondents are also positive about legislation, employers and policies (social system) relating to termination of pregnancy. This orientation creates a milieu that is conducive to transactions, interactions and goal attainment.The main recommendation is that three systems as proposed by King be continuously integrated within the termination of pregnancy setup through, amongst other measures: values clarification, management support, in service education, the inclusion of termination of pregnancy in undergraduate programmes, focus groups and the like. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verpleegkundige se persepsie van terminasie van swangerskap en haar persepsie van haar houding en gedrag teenoor kliёnte wat terminasie van swangerskap versoek, aan die hand van King se Sisteembenadering en Doelwitbereikingsteorie te ondersoek en te beskryf. `n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelasie navorsingsontwerp was gebruik. `n Nie-waarskynlike doelbewuste-steekproefneming van die staatsgesondheidsorg-instansies wat terminasie van swangerskapdienste aanbied, is geneem en wat beskikbaar vir hierdie studie was (21) asook die Marie Stopesdienste (3), in die Wes-Kaap. `n Nie-waarskynlike gerieflikheidsteekproefneming is van verpleegkundiges geneem wat swangerskappe in hierdie afdelings termineer of moet termineer (N=82). Data is met behulp van `n selfontwerpte vraelys ingesamel. Die hoofbevindings van die studie dui daarop dat respondente (persoonlike sisteem) positief voel oor hul werk. Formele ontwikkelingshulpbronne word egter nie optimaal deur die sisteem benut nie. Wat die interpersoonlike sisteem betref, toon respondente ook ‗n positiewe oriëntasie tot beide die vrou wat terminasie van swangerskap aanvra en die fetus. Die potensiaal tot transaksie-sluiting en uiteindelike doelwitbereiking is binne hierdie sisteem geleë. Die respondente is ook positief oor wetgewing en die werkgewer en beleid (sosiale siteem) ten opsigte van terminasie van swangerskap. Hierdie oriëntering laat ‗n milieu wat bevorderlik is vir transaksie-sluiting, interaksie en doelwitbereiking. Die hoofaanbeveling is dat voortdurend gepoog moet word na die integrasie van King se drie sisteme binne die terminasie van swangerskapafdelings deur onder meer: waarde-uitklaringswerkswinkels, ondersteuning van bestuur, indiensopleiding, die insluiting van terminasie van swangerskap in voorgraadse kurrikula, fokusgroepe en so meer. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Gesondheidstudies)

Summaries in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / South Africa is facing an ongoing public health crisis with increasing and alarming human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) statistics. Farmworkers in South Africa are highly vulnerable and susceptible to HIV. This study involved the farmworker community on a farm in the North West province of South Africa. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and acceptance of home-based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) in a rural farming community, using an interactive World Café method to stimulate creative discussions around questions that matter. Thirty-one farmworkers participated in the World Café. This study had an explorative approach and qualitative design. The study did not investigate the number of HIV infections or sexual practices on the farm, and did not offer an HIV test or any other medical treatment to any participant. Data were collaboratively analysed by the researchers and the participants. Content analysis of data was conducted. The findings indicated that majority of the farmworkers had a positive perception of HBHCT, and that there was a serious need for HIV prevention and intervention in this community. Some concerns were raised among the participants regarding the confidentiality of HBHCT, attention should therefore be paid to these concerns. More research is needed to establish linkage to care after HBHCT. It remains unclear whether the migrant farmworker population would be effectively linked to HIV care and treatment without legal identification documentation. The acceptance of HBHCT in the farming community by farmers, should be explored. The study found that there would be a high level of acceptability if HBHCT were to be offered to farmworkers in this region. This study created insight into the HIV care and prevention needs of the local farmworker community, as well as highlighted the barriers the farmworkers face in attending primary healthcare (PHCs) clinics for HIV testing. / Suid-Afrika staar ’n voortdurende openbare gesondheidskrisis in die gesig met toenemende en onrusbarende menslike immuungebrekkige virus (MIV)-statistieke. Plaaswerkers in Suid-Afrika is uiters kwesbaar en vatbaar vir MIV. Hierdie studie het die plaaswerkergemeenskap van ’n plaas in die Noordwes-provinsie van Suid-Afrika geteiken. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die sieninge en aanvaardingsvlakke van tuis-gebaseerde MIV-berading en -toetsing (TSMBT) te ondersoek, deur gebruik te maak van die “World Café”-metode om kreatiewe bespreking rondom belangrike vrae te stimuleer. Een-en-dertig plaaswerkers het deelgeneem aan die “World Café”. Hierdie studie het nie die aantal MIV-infeksies of seksuele praktyke op die plaas ondersoek nie, en ook nie ’n MIV toets of enige ander mediese behandeling vir enige deelnemer aangebied nie. Die studie het gevind dat die meerderheid van die plaaswerkers ’n positiewe persepsie van TSMBT gehad het, en dat daar ’n dringende behoefte aan MIV-voorkoming en - ingryping in hierdie gemeenskap is. Bekommernis is uitgespreek deur die deelnemers rakende die konfidensialiteit van TSMBT, dus moet aandag hieraan geskenk word. Die studie het gevind dat daar ’n hoë vlak van aanvaarding van TSMBT sal wees as dit aan die plaaswerkers in hierdie streek gebied word. Hierdie studie skep insig in die MIVsorg- en -voorkomingsbehoeftes van die plaaslike plaaswerkergemeenskap, en beklemtoon die hindernisse vir plaaswerkers om die primêre gesondheidsorgkliniek te besoek vir MIV-toetsing. / INingizimu-Afrika ibhekene nokuqhubeka kokukhula kwenkinga yezempilo, kanye nokudlondlobala okushaqisayo kwezibalo zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HIV). Abasebenzi basemapulazini eNingizimu-Afrika ibona abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Lolucwaningo lwenziwe emphakathini wabasebenzi basemapulazini esifundazweni sase-North West eNingizimu-Afrika. Inhloso yalolucwaningo bekuwukubona imibono kanye nezinga lokwamukela ukululekwa nokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi emakhaya(i-HBHCT) emphakathini wasemapulazini kusetshenziswa Isizinda sokucobelelana ngolwazi (i- World Cafe) ukukhuthaza izingxoxo ezakhayo nokubuza imibuzo esemqoka. Bangama- 31 abasebenzi basepulazini ababambe iqhaza esizindeni sokucobelelana ulwazi (i- World Cafe). Lolucwaningo aluzange luphenye izibalo zabantu abatheleleke ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nezinga labo lokuzibandakanya ocansini, futhi aluzange lunike abebebambe iqhaza ithuba lokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi(HIV) kanye nokulashwa kwanoma iluphi uhlobo. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi iningi labasebenzi basemapulazini babe nemibono emihle mayelana nosizo lokululekwa nokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela nngculazi (HIV) emakhaya (HBHTC), futhi kunesidingo esikhulu sokuthi kungenelelwe kulomphakathi ukuze kuvikelwe igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HIV). Kube nokukhathazeka kwababebambe iqhaza mayelana nezimfihlo zokulekelelwa ngokwelulekwa kanye nokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi emakhaya(HBHCT),ngalokhoke kufanele kubhekelelwe lokho kukhathazeka. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi kuzokwamukelwa ukuqala usizo lokwalulekwa nokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HBHCT) kubasebenzi basemapulazini kulesisifundazwe. Lolucwaningo luveze ngokujulile izidingo zokunakekela kanye nokuvikela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HIV) emphakathini wabasebenzi basemapulazini kulendawo, laphinde lwaveza nezithiyo (Barriers) abasebenzi basemapulazini abahlangana nazo mabevakasha emitholampilo (PHCs) ukuyohlola igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. / Health Studies / M.P.H. (Public Health)

The aim of this study was to describe the nurses‘ perception of termination of pregnancy and her perception of her conduct towards clients that request termination of pregnancy guided by Kings‘ Systems Approach and Goal Attainment Theory. A non-experimental quantitative descriptive correlational design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used consisting of institutions in the Western Cape, available to participate in this study, which deliver termination of pregnancy services, gov ernment health care institutions (21) and Marie Stopes clinics (3). Non-probability convenience sampling was used consisting of registered nurses who are working in termination of pregnancy units in these facilities (N=82). Data were collected through the administration of a self-designed questionnaire. The main findings of the study indicate that respondents (personal system) appear to feel positive about the work they are doing. Formal improvement and development are however not utilised optimally. Regarding the interpersonal system, respondents also show a positive orientation to both the woman opting for termination of pregnancy and the foetus. The potential towards transaction and ultimately goal attainment reside within this system. The respondents are also positive about legislation, employers and policies (social system) relating to termination of pregnancy. This orientation creates a milieu that is conducive to transactions, interactions and goal attainment.The main recommendation is that three systems as proposed by King be continuously integrated within the termination of pregnancy setup through, amongst other measures: values clarification, management support, in service education, the inclusion of termination of pregnancy in undergraduate programmes, focus groups and the like. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verpleegkundige se persepsie van terminasie van swangerskap en haar persepsie van haar houding en gedrag teenoor kliёnte wat terminasie van swangerskap versoek, aan die hand van King se Sisteembenadering en Doelwitbereikingsteorie te ondersoek en te beskryf. `n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelasie navorsingsontwerp was gebruik. `n Nie-waarskynlike doelbewuste-steekproefneming van die staatsgesondheidsorg-instansies wat terminasie van swangerskapdienste aanbied, is geneem en wat beskikbaar vir hierdie studie was (21) asook die Marie Stopesdienste (3), in die Wes-Kaap. `n Nie-waarskynlike gerieflikheidsteekproefneming is van verpleegkundiges geneem wat swangerskappe in hierdie afdelings termineer of moet termineer (N=82). Data is met behulp van `n selfontwerpte vraelys ingesamel. Die hoofbevindings van die studie dui daarop dat respondente (persoonlike sisteem) positief voel oor hul werk. Formele ontwikkelingshulpbronne word egter nie optimaal deur die sisteem benut nie. Wat die interpersoonlike sisteem betref, toon respondente ook ‗n positiewe oriëntasie tot beide die vrou wat terminasie van swangerskap aanvra en die fetus. Die potensiaal tot transaksie-sluiting en uiteindelike doelwitbereiking is binne hierdie sisteem geleë. Die respondente is ook positief oor wetgewing en die werkgewer en beleid (sosiale siteem) ten opsigte van terminasie van swangerskap. Hierdie oriëntering laat ‗n milieu wat bevorderlik is vir transaksie-sluiting, interaksie en doelwitbereiking. Die hoofaanbeveling is dat voortdurend gepoog moet word na die integrasie van King se drie sisteme binne die terminasie van swangerskapafdelings deur onder meer: waarde-uitklaringswerkswinkels, ondersteuning van bestuur, indiensopleiding, die insluiting van terminasie van swangerskap in voorgraadse kurrikula, fokusgroepe en so meer. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Gesondheidstudies)