Ce travail a pour objet de suivre l'évolution de l'habitat rural dans une partie du centre de la Gaule, du IIe s. av. J.-C. au VIIe s. ap. J.-C. L'espace choisi correspond à la cité des Bituriges Cubi. Cette échelle spatiale permet de saisir l'évolution du peuplement dans des milieux offrant des potentialités et des contraintes variées à l'occupation humaine. <br />L'étude repose sur des données de prospections archéologiques – aériennes et pédestres -, complétées par la documentation provenant de sites fouillés. <br />Après avoir mesuré les distorsions qui affectent la carte archéologique, notre approche s'est développée selon trois axes : typologique, spatial et diachronique. Pour étudier la manière dont un espace est occupé, la première étape consiste à identifier les formes de l'habitat et à en percevoir la variété, ce qui revient à élaborer une classification. L'originalité de cette démarche réside dans la combinaison de variables qui n'ont jamais été associées pour la caractérisation des sites. A l'occasion de cette analyse, une importante réflexion a été menée sur la pertinence des critères permettant de caractériser et de hiérarchiser les habitats ruraux gallo-romains. Ce classement a ensuite permis d'appréhender l'organisation du peuplement, au long des huit siècles pris en compte dans cette étude, en mettant en évidence le rôle joué par chaque établissement dans la structuration du réseau d'habitat. Leur répartition a été confrontée aux informations environnementales disponibles, en ayant recours à un Système d'Information Géographique. Les stratégies de l'occupation rurale ont ainsi pu être analysées et ont fait apparaître des modes d'occupation du sol variés au sein de cette entité géographique.

Berry ripening in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) is influenced by developmental, physiological and climatic factors resulting in a heterogenous mix of maturities at harvest. This study characterizes the physico-chemical changes which occur during fruit ontogeny and links ripening patterns to micoclimate. Individual clones in five commercial fiels were followed in the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols decreased and anthocyanins increased with maturity. Peak maturity consistently occurred at 1200 accumulated growing degree days (GDD). There was a sharp decline in fruit retention at the end of the growing season suggesting a date after which harvested yield declines but no consistent pattern was detected between years or fields.The consistency of GDD accumulation in relation to ripening pattern suggests GDDs can be used as a predictive ripening index. The physico-chemical nature of ripe berries indicates ripe berries could be harvested earlier than is currently the practice.

Some special features of polaritons, quasi-particles being normal modes of system of excitons interacting with photons in so called strong coupling regime, are theoretically and numerically analyze in low dimensional systems. In Chapter 1 is given a brief overview of 0D, 1D and 2D semiconductor structures with a general introduction to the polariton field. Chapter 2 is devoted to micro / nano wires. The so called whispering gallery modes are studied in the general case of an anisotropic systems as well as polariton formation in ZnO wires. Theoretical model is compared with an experiment. In the Chapter 3 Josephson type dynamics with Bose-Einstein condensates of polaritons is analyzed taking into account pseudospin degree of freedom. Chapter 4 start with an introduction to Aharonov-Bohm effect, as the best known represent of geometrical phases. An another geometrical phase - Berry phase, occurring for a wide class of systems performing adiabatic motion on a closed ring, is main subject of this section. We considered one proposition for an exciton polariton ring interferometer based on Berry phase effect. Chapter 5 concerns one 0D system : strongly coupled quantum dot exciton to cavity photon. We have discussed possibility of obtaining entangled states from a quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal in polariton regime.

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

This thesis presents results from two separate studies. First, the impact of bearer length on yield components within the canopy was investigated in season 2005/06, on a commercially-managed, mechanically-pruned vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, South Australia. Pruning resulted in the retention of bearers with 1-7 nodes, with the weighted average bearer length being two nodes for the canopy. As bearers of one to five nodes in length were the most common, these were studied. Yield components (on a per shoot basis) were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions on each length bearer, even if the nodes were at the same positions from the base of the bearer and would normally be expected to have similar fertility. Budburst appeared to act by modifying inflorescence number per node based on the relative location of each node from the apex of the bearer. Shoots that arose from the most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Flower number per inflorescence was significantly higher on two-inflorescence shoots than single-inflorescence shoots. The relationship between bunch size and node position, unlike that between inflorescence number and node position, was dependent on bearer length. The relative size of the inflorescence appeared to be affected more so by the node pOSition at which the shoot occurred on the bearer, as opposed to the actual node position on the shoot at which the inflorescence occurred. There was a positive, non-linear relationship between average fruit yield per bearer and bearer length. Although yield was highest from the bearer with the highest node number (five nodes), there was no significant difference in yield per bearer for the bearers of three to five nodes in length. If average bearer length was increased from two to three nodes, the potential yield gain per bearer is estimated at 38 per cent. The second study presents results of correlations between bunch number and components of bunch weight (flower number and berry number) to investigate co-development of bunch number and bunch size. These data were collected from 4 vineyards in the Limestone Coast Zone of South Australia from Vilis vinifera L. Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabemet Sauvignon during seasons 2002/03 to 2006/07. The significant correlations found between fertility and both bunch weight and flower number per inflorescence suggest that the same factors that affect bunch number in a particular season will also affect bunch size. When inflorescence primordia were initiated and differentiated under cool conditions, actual bunches per node and flowers per inflorescence were low. Differences in climate between the vineyard sites were found to be minimal and therefore did not strongly affect the magnitude of the yield components at the vineyard sites. Cultural practices at each vineyard site were sufficiently variable to affect fertility levels. Genotype is thought to determine the range of flowers per inflorescence that a variety can potentially carry, whereas actual flower number per inflorescence is thought to be determined by inflorescence primordium initiation and differentiation temperatures, as well as temperatures during budburst. Despite significant correlations between flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch, flower number per inflorescence preflowering for Cabemet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay is inversely related to actual percentage fruit set. This is possibly a survival mechanism for the grapevine as it allows the vine to maximise yield each season without detriment to its longevity. Bunches per vine accounted for the majority of the seasonal variation in yield per vine. Fluctuations in bunch number per vine (and therefore yield) are likely to be reduced by varying the number of nodes retained per vine according to the relative fruitfulness per node present pre-pruning. This practice is therefore likely to result in the seasonal variation of berries per bunch becoming a stronger driver of yield. The commercial impacts of these studies are two-fold. Data presented will assist growers to understand the reasons for which their pruning regimes are affecting yield production and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield-particularly when growers are faced with seasons of low predicted fertility. In addition, data presented will allow growers to improve their crop forecasting accuracy, with a greater understanding of the link between bunch number and bunch size. In the current situation of oversupply in the wine industry, wineries are adopting a tough stance towards growers over-delivering on their grape contracts. Therefore, any assistance that can be provided to growers on improving accuracy of yield estimates will be beneficial both to the grower and winery. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1352744 / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Auteursnaam op rug: H.T. Colenbrander. - Met teksten in het Engels en het Frans. De gebroeders Limburg zijn Johan, Herman en Paul van Limburg. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Thomas L. McHaney, Pearl A. McHaney, committee co-chairs; Matthew Roudane, committee member. Electronic text (170 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 3, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-169).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 migliato_kf_me_arafcf.pdf: 1875341 bytes, checksum: d481230199181f6f022dc8cadc5234d6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Considerando-se a qualidade dos fitoterápicos, é importante salientar que a preocupação com esta questão inclui rigoroso acompanhamento das diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento e produção destes produtos, desde a coleta do vegetal até a disponibilidade do produto final. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo farmacognóstico do fruto de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, popularmente conhecido como jambolão, no qual foram destacadas a otimização do processo extrativo, a determinação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato bruto e a avaliação desta atividade após sua incorporação em um sabonete líquido. Análise fitoquímica preliminar dos frutos de S. cumini (L.) Skeels evidenciou taninos, flavonóides, antocianidinas, iridóides, alcalóides e heterosídeos fenólicos simples. Tendo como parâmetros o resíduo seco e a atividade antimicrobiana, os extratos foram testados frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. Por meio da análise fatorial dos resultados do planejamento experimental, onde foi empregada granulometria de 0,302 mm do pó seco do fruto, constatou-se que a percolação constitui o melhor procedimento extrativo, e a mistura etanol: água (50:50) constitui o melhor solvente. Para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do extrato foram usados os microrganismos S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei e C. parapsilosis, partindo de uma concentração inicial de 10000 ìg/100 ìL. A concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) foi de 1250 ìg/100 ìL para a S. aureus, 625 ìg/100 ìL para a S. epidermidis e 2500 ìg/100 ìL para a P. aeruginosa e para a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) foi de 2500 ìg/100 ìL. A incorporação do extrato de S. cumini... .

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 536018 bytes, checksum: b50bb7d23d5b30de21ba7e5b15e30059 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is ans important drawbacks for coffee plantations in Brazil. In Espírito Santo state it is considered the most serious pest of coffee plantations, however, studies on damage caused by H. hampei are scarce. In order to evaluate the damage caused by H. hampei in green and processed coffee and loose of quality of C. canephora, an experiment was carried out in three places in north of Espírito Santo state: Marilandia, Sooretama and São Gabriel da Palha. The coffee fruits were collected in plants infested with H. hampei, in 2008. The samples were divided in two groups: bored berries and no bored berries. The samples were dried in open place to obtain 12% of humidity. The treatments consisted of 1200 coffee fruits with nine levels of infestation: 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, e 100 %. To obtain those treatments bored berries bored and no bored beries were mixed. The data were obtained by weighting the samples before and after procesing coffee. There was a significative reduction in the mass of coffee, in the three regions studied. A linear reduction of mass was observed when the levels of infestation were increased. The processed coffee differed in the three places. The highest means were in Sooretama field and the loses in the grain mass were estimated in 22,7% of the nominal value of the fruit infestation level while in São Gabriel da Palha and Marilândia this value was 19,3% and 17,9% respectively. The number of defects of the grain increased linearly, were for each level of fruit infestation there was an increase of 4.78 defects in the samples of São Gabriel da Palha and 3.65 defects in the fields of Marilândia and Sooretama. The coffee type was not altered until 5% of the fruit infestation in relation with the control. After 10% of the fruit infestation there were significant depreciation on the coffee type, causing from 1 to 6.8% de depreciation of the value of coffee. In conclusion, the wastes in the field with high infestations of coffee berie borer could be very important, mainly due the the looses of mass from the processed coffee. / A broca do café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), representa sério problema para a cafeicultura brasileira, e no Espírito Santo é considerada a pior praga para esta cultura. Apesar da importância atribuída a este inseto, existem poucos estudos que revelam os danos causados por H. hampei ao café conilon (Coffea canephora). Assim este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os prejuízos causados pela broca do café relacionados a perda de massa do café em coco e beneficiado e na classificação do café quanto ao tipo, para a espécie C. canephora. Em lavouras de três municípios do norte capixaba, Marilândia, Sooretama e São Gabriel da Palha, no período de colheita da safra 2008 foram coletados frutos em plantas que apresentavam infestação por H. hampei. Os frutos foram separados em brocados e não brocados e posteriormente colocados para secar em terreiro de cimento até teor de água de 12% (+ou- 0,3). Os tratamentos consistiram de amostras de 1200 frutos com níveis de infestação de 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, e 100% de brocados. Para alcançar estes valores os frutos brocados foram misturados aos n~ao brocados em proporções equivalentes a cada tratamento. Os dados foram obtidos através da pesagem das amostras antes e depois do beneficiamento. Houve perdas de massa significativas do café em coco e beneficiado, nas três regiões onde o trabalho foi realizado, nos diferentes níveis de infestação, havendo um aumento linear de perdas de massa de C. canephora à medida que os níveis de infestação por H. hampei aumentam. As perdas de massa ocorridas no café beneficiado foram diferenciadas nas três regiões avaliadas, sendo que na lavoura de Sooretama, com maiores médias, as perdas estimadas de massa dos grãos representaram 22,7% quando 100% dos frutos estavam infestados por H. hampei, enquanto que em São Gabriel da Palha e Marilândia este valor chegou a 19,3% e 17,9% respectivamente. O número de defeitos dos grãos aumentou de forma linear, sendo que para cada nível de infestação dos frutos, houve um aumento de 4,78 defeitos nas amostras da lavoura de São Gabriel da Palha e 3,65 defeitos nas lavouras de Marilândia e Sooretama. O tipo de café não alterou até o nível de 5% de infestação dos frutos com relação a testemunha. A partir de 10% de infestação dos frutos houve depreciações significativas no tipo de café, causando de 1 a 6,8% de desvalorização no preço dos grãos de café. Pode-se concluir que os prejuízos que ocorrem em lavouras com altos níveis de infestação podem ser bastante expressivos, principalmente devido a perda de massa do café beneficiado.