Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of English Language and Literature, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The concept of Berry phase, since its proposition in 1984, has found numerous applications and appears in almost every branch of physics today. In this work, we study several physical effects in ferromagnetic metal materials which are manifestations of the Berry phase. We first show that when a domain wall in a ferromagnetic nanowire is undergoing precessional motion, it pumps an electromotive force which follows a universal Josephson-type relation. We discover that the integral of the electromotive force over one pumping cycle is a quantized topological invariant equal to integer multiples of h/e, which does not depend on the domain wall geometry nor its detailed dynamic evolution. In particular, when a domain wall in a nanowire is driven by a constant magnetic field, we predict that the generated electromotive force is proportional to the applied field with a simple coefficient consisting of only fundamental constants. Our theoretical prediction has been successfully confirmed by experiments. Similar effect known as spin pumping occurs in magnetic multilayer heterostructures, where a precessing free magnetic layer pumps a spin current into its adjacent normal metal layers. Based on this effect, we propose two magnetic nanodevices that can be useful in future spintronics applications: the magnetic Josephson junction and the magneto-dynamic battery. The magnetic Josephson junction has a drastic increase in resistance when the applied current exceeds a critical value determined by the magnetic anisotropy. The magneto-dynamic battery acts as a conventional charge battery in a circuit with well-defined electromotive force and internal resistance. We investigate the condition under which the power output and efficiency of the battery can be optimized. Finally we study the side jump contribution in the anomalous Hall effect of a uniformly magnetized ferromagnetic metal. The side jump contribution, although arises from disorder scattering, was believed to be independent of both the scattering strength and the disorder density. Nevertheless, we find that it has a sensitive dependence on the spin structure of the disorder potential. We therefore propose a classification scheme of disorder scattering according to their spin structures. When two or more classes of disorders are present, the value of side jump is no longer fixed but depends on the relative disorder strength between classes. Due to this competition, the side jump contribution could flow from one class dominated limit to another class dominated limit when certain system control parameter changes. Our result indicates that the magnon scattering plays a role distinct from the normal impurity scattering and the phonon scattering in the anomalous Hall effect, because they belong to different scattering classes. / text

Tyrimo objektas – melsvauogio sausmedžio 'Atut', 'Duet', 'Karina', 'Fialka', 'Dlinoplodnaja' ir 'Kalakolcik' veislių uogos. Tyrimo tikslas – parinkti konservavimo būdą ir įvertinti jo įtaką sausmedžio uogų kokybei. Tyrimo metodai: standartizuotais metodais buvo nustatyta uogų biocheminė sudėtis (askorbo rūgštis, mg 100 g-1; sausosios medžiagos, žalia ląsteliena, žali baltymai ir žali pelenai, proc.), juslinė analizė (skonis ir kvapas, tekstūra, išorinis patrauklumas), biometriniai duomenys (masė, ilgis ir skersmuo). Atlikta visų tyrimo duomenų statistinė analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai. Esmingai didžiausias vitamino C kiekis, nepriklausomai nuo konservavimo būdo, nustatytas 'Karina' veislės uogose, o 'Atut' veislės uogose esmingai didžiausias sausųjų medžiagų kiekis. Šaldytose 'Atut' veislės uogose buvo nustatyta esmingai daugiausiai žalios ląstelienos, žalių baltymų ir žalių pelenų, o liofilizuotose 'Kalakolcik' uogose žalių baltymų ir pelenų kiekiai. Geriausiomis juslinėmis savybėmis pasižymėjo 'Karina', 'Kalakolcik' ir 'Dlinoplodnaja' veislių uogos. Esmingai didžiausia šviežių uogų masė nustatyta 'Duet', o šaldytų ir liofilizuotų 'Atut' veislės uogų. Rekomenduojama sausmedžio uogas liofilizuoti, nes konservuojant šiuo būdu maksimaliai išsaugomos uogų juslinės savybės ir maistinė vertė. Nustatyta, kad sausmedžio uogų kokybė priklauso ir nuo veislės genetinių savybių ir nuo konservavimo būdo. Tyrimas parodė, kad 'Atut' ir 'Karina' veislių uogos, nepriklausomai nuo konservavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object – six cultivars of blue-honeysuckle berries: 'Atut', 'Duet'‚ 'Karina', 'Fialka', 'Dlinoplodnaja' and 'Kalakolcik'. Research aim – to choose the method of preservation and to evaluate its influence on the quality of honeysuckle berries. Research methods: chemical composition of berries (the amount of ascorbic acid (mg 100 g-1), dry matter, crude fibre, crude protein, crude ash, %), sensory analysis (taste and aroma, texture, external attractiveness) and biometric indicators (weight, length and diameter) were evaluated using standardized methods. All research data was tested statistically. Research results. Independent of the method of preservation, 'Karina' berries were characterized by the highest amount of ascorbic acid, whereas 'Atut' had the highest amount of dry matter. The highest amount of crude fibre, crude protein and crude ash was related to frozen 'Atut' berries, meanwhile lyophilized 'Kalakolcik' berries contained the highest amount of crude protein and crude ash. 'Karina', 'Kalakolcik' and 'Dlinoplodnaja' berries were characterized by the best organoleptic properties. Fresh berries of 'Duet' cultivar as well as frozen and lyophilized berries of 'Atut' cultivar had the largest weight. It is recommended that honeysuckle berries be lyophilized since this particular way of preservation was characterized by the best sensory properties and nutritional value of berries. It was determined that the quality parameters of berries were affected by the genetic... [to full text]

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Darmstadt.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 1, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-106).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 436056 bytes, checksum: 47e086e4a7ae05f15c2265454fa9d071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The decision level to control the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is based upon sampling damaged berries during the transition period of adult movement from berry to berry. Damaged berries include those that are from the following locations; fallen on the ground, post-harvest drying stage, remaining fruit on the plants and from neighboring coffee fields. Current sampling techniques, for determining control measures, are time consuming, giving the grower a small window of opportunity for control measures. Aiming to determine new action levels for H. hampei in coffee fields and the correlation between infestation levels and trapping of coffee berry borer, trials were carried out on four commercial coffee fields in 2005 and 2006, by using IAPAR traps baited with ethanol and methanol at a 1:3 ratio and benzaldehyde at 1% volume, releasing 98 mg/day. Twenty traps/ha were set out on each experimental area. In two fields, the area had 1 ha (20 traps set), another field had 0.75 ha (15 traps set) and the fourth had only 0.3 ha (6 traps set) due to the small size of the field. In three of the fields, trap contents were checked every two weeks and the number of H. hampei were counted as well as the number of other scolytids. In one field the sampling was done every week because of the small size of the area. Fruit from the plants were also sampled to determine percentage of damage in each field. It was noticed that during fruit maturation, between March and July, the catch was very low. Although, the adult catch started increasing sharply in August when the borers started emerging from old berries remaining on the plants and on the ground. A correlation between trap catch and infestation level of H. hampei and other scolytids was determined. The decision level to control coffee berry borer is 4 adults/trap/two weeks when coffee market prices are high and 7 adults/trap/two weeks when coffee market prices are low. During the transit period of adults moving from old to new berries the use of traps, baited with semiochemicals, provides a useful tool in determining threshold in decision level systems for controlling coffee berry borer. Due to their small numbers, other scolytids caught in the traps did not mask the interpretation of obtaining a decision level. / A tomada de decisão de controle da broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei, é baseada na avaliação de frutos broqueados na época de trânsito dos adultos. O uso desta técnica de amostragem é oneroso e dá ao cafeicultor pouco tempo para a tomada de decisão de controle, o que constitui problema tanto para pequenos como para grandes produtores. Assim, visando à geração de novos níveis de ação para H. hampei na cultura do café e a correlação entre captura e infestação da broca-do-café, foram conduzidos ensaios em quatro cafezais comerciais em 2005 e 2006, usando-se armadilhas IAPAR invertidas, contendo mistura de etanol e metanol na proporção de 1:3 e benzaldeído a 1% do volume, com taxa de liberação de 98mg/dia. Foram instaladas 20 armadilhas por hectare em cada lavoura. Quinzenalmente estas armadilhas eram recolhidas e contava-se o número de adultos de H. hampei presentes, bem como de adultos de outros Scolytinae. Avaliava-se também nestas datas a percentagem de frutos broqueados em cada lavoura. Verificou-se que é pequena a captura de H. hampei nas armadilhas contendo álcoois nas épocas em que os frutos do cafeeiro já estão bem desenvolvidos, entre março e julho. Entretanto, é grande a captura de H. hampei nas armadilhas contendo atraentes na época de trânsito dos adultos deste inseto-praga, a partir de agosto. Verificou-se também correlação significativa entre a intensidade de ataque de H. hampei aos frutos e da densidade de adultos deste inseto e do total de adultos de Scolytinae nas armadilhas contendo atraentes. O nível de ação para a broca-do-café foi de 4 adultos/armadilha/quinzena, quando o preço do café for alto, ou 7 adultos/armadilha/quinzena, quando o preço do café for baixo. Portanto, na época de trânsito, o uso de armadilha contendo atraentes representa uma ferramenta promissora na geração de nível de ação a ser empregado, em sistemas de tomada de decisão de controle deste insetopraga. O número de outras espécies de escolitídeos capturados nas armadilhas não interferiu na interpretação dos dados de captura da broca-do-café, na tomada de decisão, por ser reduzido.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_ma_me_jabo.pdf: 2735994 bytes, checksum: 504c257b92c98ea3a33fdf40f2434598 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudos foram realizados a fim de avaliar a eficácia de inseticidas no controle da broca-do-café em grandes parcelas experimentais, avaliar o efeito do inseticida profenofós + lufenuron nas fases larval e de ovos, em condições de campo e de laboratório e estudar os custos do tratamento fitossanitário para o controle da brocado- café e do bicho-mineiro. Para o controle da broca-do-café, utilizou-se: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenofós+lufenuron) 0,8 L/ha; T2- padrão -Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2 L/ha; T3- Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2,5 L/ha; T4- Verdadero 600 WG + Actara 250 CE (ciproconazole+tiametoxan) + (tiametoxan) 1+1 L/ha, e T5- testemunha. Foram avaliados números de grãos broqueados, ovos, larvas e adultos da broca-do-café, eficiência dos inseticidas e a qualidade em relação ao tipo de café. Observou-se maior eficácia de controle com o endosulfan nas duas dosagens utilizadas, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A qualidade do café nas parcelas tratadas com endosulfan, houve menor número de defeitos, sendo, portanto classificado como um café de tipo 2. Para o cálculo dos custos da broca-do-café, foram comparados os mesmos inseticidas. Já para o cálculo do custo de controle do bicho-mineiro, foram comparados: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenofós+lufenuron) a 0,8 L/ha; T2- Thiobel 500 + Meothrin 330 CE (Cartap + fenpropatrina) 1 kg/ha + 0,2 L/ha; T3- Vertimec 18 CE + Nimbus (abamectina+óleo mineral) 0,3 L/ha + 0,25%. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que para o controle da broca-do-café o melhor tratamento é o Thiodan 350 CE, na dosagem de 2 L/ha, com custo de R$ 51,44 por hectare e R$1,35 por saca de café. E para o controle do bichomineiro, o melhor tratamento é o Vertimec 18 CE, com custo de R$ 48,96 por hectare. / Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of insecticides in controlling the coffee berry borer in large experiment plots, evaluate the effect of profenophos + lufenuron at the larval and egg stages in field and lab conditions, and study the costs of controlling the coffee berry borer and the coffee leafminer. The berry borer was controlled with the following treatments: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenophos+lufenuron) 0.8 L/ha; T2- standard -Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2 L/ha; T3- Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2.5 L/ha; T4- Verdadero 600 WG + Actara 250 CE (thiamethoxan+cyproconazole) + (cyproconazole) 1+1 L/ha, and T5- control. The number of bored fruits, eggs, larvae and adults of the borer, and the efficiency of pesticides were determined and coffee quality was classified. Endosulfan showed higher control efficiency at both tested dosages in comparison to other pesticides. Coffee quality in endosulfan-treated plots was classified as type 2, with a lower rate of defective fruits. To calculate berry borer control costs the same insecticides were compared, while the cost of controlling the leafminer was calculated with: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenophos+lufenuron) 0.8 L/ha, T2- Thiobel 500 CE + Meothrin 330 CE (Cartap + fenpropathrin) 1 Kg/ha + 0.2 L/ha, T3- Vertimec 18 CE + Nimbus (abamectin+mineral oil) 0.3 L/ha + 0.25%. The data show that Thiodan 350 CE (2 L/ha) is the best treatment for coffee berry borer control, with a cost of R$ 51.44 per hectare and R$1.35 per 60-kg coffee bag. The best option for leafminer control is Vertimec 18 CE, with a cost of R$ 48,96 per hectare.

Resumo: Estudos foram realizados a fim de avaliar a eficácia de inseticidas no controle da broca-do-café em grandes parcelas experimentais, avaliar o efeito do inseticida profenofós + lufenuron nas fases larval e de ovos, em condições de campo e de laboratório e estudar os custos do tratamento fitossanitário para o controle da brocado- café e do bicho-mineiro. Para o controle da broca-do-café, utilizou-se: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenofós+lufenuron) 0,8 L/ha; T2- padrão -Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2 L/ha; T3- Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2,5 L/ha; T4- Verdadero 600 WG + Actara 250 CE (ciproconazole+tiametoxan) + (tiametoxan) 1+1 L/ha, e T5- testemunha. Foram avaliados números de grãos broqueados, ovos, larvas e adultos da broca-do-café, eficiência dos inseticidas e a qualidade em relação ao tipo de café. Observou-se maior eficácia de controle com o endosulfan nas duas dosagens utilizadas, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A qualidade do café nas parcelas tratadas com endosulfan, houve menor número de defeitos, sendo, portanto classificado como um café de tipo 2. Para o cálculo dos custos da broca-do-café, foram comparados os mesmos inseticidas. Já para o cálculo do custo de controle do bicho-mineiro, foram comparados: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenofós+lufenuron) a 0,8 L/ha; T2- Thiobel 500 + Meothrin 330 CE (Cartap + fenpropatrina) 1 kg/ha + 0,2 L/ha; T3- Vertimec 18 CE + Nimbus (abamectina+óleo mineral) 0,3 L/ha + 0,25%. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que para o controle da broca-do-café o melhor tratamento é o Thiodan 350 CE, na dosagem de 2 L/ha, com custo de R$ 51,44 por hectare e R$1,35 por saca de café. E para o controle do bichomineiro, o melhor tratamento é o Vertimec 18 CE, com custo de R$ 48,96 por hectare. / Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of insecticides in controlling the coffee berry borer in large experiment plots, evaluate the effect of profenophos + lufenuron at the larval and egg stages in field and lab conditions, and study the costs of controlling the coffee berry borer and the coffee leafminer. The berry borer was controlled with the following treatments: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenophos+lufenuron) 0.8 L/ha; T2- standard -Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2 L/ha; T3- Thiodan 350 CE (endosulfan) 2.5 L/ha; T4- Verdadero 600 WG + Actara 250 CE (thiamethoxan+cyproconazole) + (cyproconazole) 1+1 L/ha, and T5- control. The number of bored fruits, eggs, larvae and adults of the borer, and the efficiency of pesticides were determined and coffee quality was classified. Endosulfan showed higher control efficiency at both tested dosages in comparison to other pesticides. Coffee quality in endosulfan-treated plots was classified as type 2, with a lower rate of defective fruits. To calculate berry borer control costs the same insecticides were compared, while the cost of controlling the leafminer was calculated with: T1- Curyon 550 CE (profenophos+lufenuron) 0.8 L/ha, T2- Thiobel 500 CE + Meothrin 330 CE (Cartap + fenpropathrin) 1 Kg/ha + 0.2 L/ha, T3- Vertimec 18 CE + Nimbus (abamectin+mineral oil) 0.3 L/ha + 0.25%. The data show that Thiodan 350 CE (2 L/ha) is the best treatment for coffee berry borer control, with a cost of R$ 51.44 per hectare and R$1.35 per 60-kg coffee bag. The best option for leafminer control is Vertimec 18 CE, with a cost of R$ 48,96 per hectare. / Orientador: Nilza Maria Martinelli / Coorientador: Marcelo da Costa Ferreira / Banca: João Carlos de Oliveira / Banca: José Roberto Scarpellini / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 237644 bytes, checksum: 62e0ee5cc046b11ad8b24333573f0445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a pest of coffee and is present in almost all countries producing the crop causing losses of US$ 500 million a year. Despite its importance, nothing is known about her key factor and critical stage of mortality. Therefor, the objective of this study was to determine the critical stage and the key factors of mortality of H. hampei. Data for the making of the life table were collected during five seasons between the months of December 2007 to March 2009 in six coffee plantations between Paula Cândido and Viçosa, MG. The mortalit data of H. hampei were collected weekly and grouped by season and stand, a total of 33 life tables. These 33 life tables were added and taken to mean data which led to an average life table, where the overall mortality was 70.81%. Among the stages of the life cycle of H. hampei, the highest mortality occurred in eggs (29.43%), followed by mortality of third instar larvae (22.22%), second instar larva (18.60%), pupa (18.11%), larva First instar (13.22%) and adults (8.06%) respectively. Mortality factors observed and quantified in this study were parasitism by the wasp-of-uganda Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), predation by predatory bugs of the family Anthocoridae and ants, physiological disorders of eggs (not feasible) larvae and pupae (incomplete ecdysis) and fungal infection by Beauveria bassiana and Metharizium anisopliae. Among these factors, which caused the highest mortality were predation and physiological disorders. The critical mortality level of H. hampei was in larval and the instar critical is the third instar. The key factor of mortality was physiological disorders in larvae (especially in the third instar), followed by mortality due to predation in this stadium. / A broca do café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) é uma praga de café e está presente em quase todos os países produtores da cultura causando perdas de US$ 500 milhões por ano. Apesar de sua importância, nada se sabe sobre seu fator chave e estágio crítico de mortalidade. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a fase crítica e os principais fatores de mortalidade de H. hampei. Os dados para a confecção da tabela de vida foram coletadas durante cinco temporadas, entre os meses de dezembro de 2007 a março de 2009 em seis fazendas de café entre Paula Cândido e Viçosa, MG. Os dados de mortalidade de H. hampei foram coletadas semanalmente e agrupadas por época e talhão, totalizando 33 tabelas de vida. Estas tabelas foram somadas e tirada a média dos dados para a confecção da tabela de vida média, onde a mortalidade global foi de 70,81%. Entre as etapas do ciclo de vida de H. hampei, a maior mortalidade ocorreu em ovos (29,43%), seguido pela mortalidade de larvas de terceiro ínstar (22,22%), larva de segundo ínstar (18,60%), pupa (18,11%), larva primeiro ínstar (13,22%) e adultos (8,06%), respectivamente. Os fatores de mortalidade observadas e quantificadas neste estudo foram parasitismo pela vespa-da-uganda Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), a predação por insetos predadores da família Anthocoridae e formigas, distúrbios fisiológicos de ovos (não viáveis) larvas e pupas (ecdise incompleta) e infecção por fungos Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae. Entre esses fatores, o que causou a maior mortalidade foram a predação e distúrbios fisiológicos. O nível crítico de mortalidade de H. hampei ocorreu em larva e o ínstar crítico foi o terceiro ínstar. O fator chave de mortalidade foi de distúrbios fisiológicos em larvas (especialmente no terceiro ínstar), seguido de mortalidade devido à predação neste estádio.

Resumo: Considerando-se a qualidade dos fitoterápicos, é importante salientar que a preocupação com esta questão inclui rigoroso acompanhamento das diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento e produção destes produtos, desde a coleta do vegetal até a disponibilidade do produto final. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo farmacognóstico do fruto de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, popularmente conhecido como jambolão, no qual foram destacadas a otimização do processo extrativo, a determinação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato bruto e a avaliação desta atividade após sua incorporação em um sabonete líquido. Análise fitoquímica preliminar dos frutos de S. cumini (L.) Skeels evidenciou taninos, flavonóides, antocianidinas, iridóides, alcalóides e heterosídeos fenólicos simples. Tendo como parâmetros o resíduo seco e a atividade antimicrobiana, os extratos foram testados frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. Por meio da análise fatorial dos resultados do planejamento experimental, onde foi empregada granulometria de 0,302 mm do pó seco do fruto, constatou-se que a percolação constitui o melhor procedimento extrativo, e a mistura etanol: água (50:50) constitui o melhor solvente. Para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do extrato foram usados os microrganismos S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei e C. parapsilosis, partindo de uma concentração inicial de 10000 ìg/100 ìL. A concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) foi de 1250 ìg/100 ìL para a S. aureus, 625 ìg/100 ìL para a S. epidermidis e 2500 ìg/100 ìL para a P. aeruginosa e para a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) foi de 2500 ìg/100 ìL. A incorporação do extrato de S. cumini... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abastract: The quality of the phytomedicines must be assured by means of close observation of the different stages of their development and production, which starts at the moment the plant is collected and finishes at the moment the product is put on the market. A pharmacognostic study of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeelsfruits (popularly known as “jambolão”) was then performed, pointing out the optimization of the extractive process, the determination of the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract, and the assessment of such activity after its incorporation into the liquid soap. The phytochemical screening from the fruits of S. cumini (L.) Skeels demonstrated tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, iridoids, alkaloids and simple phenol heterosides. By using dry residue content and antimicrobial activity assessment methodologies, a fatorial analysis was accomplished, and considering a dry fruit powder granulometry of 0.302 mm, the results indicated percolation as the best extraction method, and the mixture ethanol: water (50:50) as the best solvent concentration. The microorganisms S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract, starting from 10000 æg/100 æL. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa were 1250 æg/100 æL, 625 æg/100 æL and 2500 æg/100 æL respectively. And a minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 2500 æg/100 æL. The liquid soap was then formulated, and had S. cumini (L.) Skeels extract added to its formulation leading, therefore, to an antiseptic activity that proved to be favorable considering the good results obtained. In the presence of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa at concentrations of 625 æg/100 æL, 312.5 æg/100 æL, and 1250 æg/100 æL, respectively... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado / Coorientador: Marcos Antonio Corrêa / Banca: Vera Lucia Borges Isaac Rangel / Banca: Telma Mary Kaneko / Mestre