Den svenska narkotikamarknaden är mer omfattande än vad som tidigare bedömts. Majoriteten av cannabisen som konsumeras i Sverige är insmugglad och är den substans som brukas mest globalt. Trots Covid-19 pandemin med tillhörande restriktioner, har både användningen och smugglingen varit fortsatt hög. Tidigare forskning har indikerat att sambandet mellan cannabisanvändningen och cannabissmugglingen inte är enkelriktad. Såväl som en ökad cannabisanvändning kan leda till en ökad smuggling, kan även en ökad smuggling leda till en ökad användning. Den kriminologiska forskningen på ämnet är dock fortfarande begränsad, där inga studier är genomförda i en svensk kontext. Det är därför av vikt att inrikta mer kriminologisk relevant forskning på de två narkotikamarknaderna i Sverige. Föreliggande studie syftar därför till att undersöka och bidra med djupare förståelse för förhållandet mellan cannabissmugglingen och cannabisanvändningen med förhoppningen att förbättra det brottsförebyggande arbetet. Studiens syfte och frågeställningar har besvarats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, Tullverkets beslagsstatistik samt självrapporterad cannabisanvändning från Folkhälsomyndigheten. Resultatet indikerade på att både användningen och smugglingen av cannabis har ökat från år 2008-2020. Den ökade användningen berodde på en minskad riskuppfattning och positiva attityder bland allmänheten, där legaliseringen av cannabisbruket runt om i världen har ansetts vara bidragande. Genom intervjuerna kunde ett ömsesidigt förhållande mellan narkotikamarknaderna fastställas. Allmänhetens cannabisanvändning motiverar kriminella grupper att bedriva smugglingen av cannabis. Samtidigt som cannabissmugglingen leder till att cannabis görs tillgängligt i landet, vilket ökar användningen av drogen. Vidare anses en kombination av både social och situationell prevention vara betydelsefull för ett framgångsrikt preventivt arbete mot smugglingen och användningen av cannabis. Resultat från denna studie kan därmed användas för att utforma åtgärder som kan implementeras och riktas mot både cannabissmugglingen och cannabisanvändningen. / The Swedish drug market is more extensive than previously assessed. The majority of the drugs consumed in Sweden are trafficked from other countries and cannabis is the most used substance globally. Despite the Covid-19 pandemic with associated restrictions, both use of cannabis and smuggling of cannabis have remained high. Previous research has indicated that the link between cannabis use and cannabis smuggling is not one-sided. As well as an increase in cannabis use can lead to an increase in smuggling, an increase in smuggling can also lead to an increase in use. However, criminological research on the subject is still limited, where no studies have been conducted in a Swedish context. It is therefore of importance to focus more criminologically relevant research on the two drug markets in Sweden. The present study therefore aims to research and contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between cannabis smuggling and cannabis use with the hope of improving crime prevention work. The methods used in this study consist of semi-structured interviews, the Swedish Customs’ seizure statistics and self-reported cannabis use from the Swedish Public Health Agency. The results indicated that both the use as well as the smuggling of cannabis has increased from 2008-2020. The increased use is due to a reduced risk perception and positive attitudes, where legalization around the world has been considered a contributing factor. Through the interviews, a reciprocal relationship between cannabis smuggling and cannabis use could be established. Increased cannabis use encourages criminal groups to smuggle cannabis. Simultaneously, cannabis smuggling increases availability in the country, which in turn leads to higher usage. Furthermore, a combination of social and situational prevention is considered important for successful preventative work against smuggling and use of cannabis.  Results from this study can thus be used to design measures that can be implemented and directed at both markets.

<p>This paper deals with flat iron fragments from the Viking Age hall situated in Birkas Garrison, Adelsö parish in Uppland. The aim of the study was to identify which objects these flat fragments were originally derived from. The aim was also to discuss the function of these objects and their presence in the hall. This would hopefully increase the knowledge about the hall and the warriors who lived and worked there. In some cases the fragments form and placement in the hall has not provided enough information to classify the object from which they derived. Where it has been possible, a majority of the fragments has been interpreted as parts of chest mounts or shield buckles. The result of the analysis shows the possibility of a large chest having once stood in the southwest corner of the hall.</p>

This paper deals with flat iron fragments from the Viking Age hall situated in Birkas Garrison, Adelsö parish in Uppland. The aim of the study was to identify which objects these flat fragments were originally derived from. The aim was also to discuss the function of these objects and their presence in the hall. This would hopefully increase the knowledge about the hall and the warriors who lived and worked there. In some cases the fragments form and placement in the hall has not provided enough information to classify the object from which they derived. Where it has been possible, a majority of the fragments has been interpreted as parts of chest mounts or shield buckles. The result of the analysis shows the possibility of a large chest having once stood in the southwest corner of the hall.