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Investiční pobídky byly zavedeny v roce 1998 s cílem podpořit příliv přímých zahraničních investic (PZI) do České republiky. S přímými zahraničními investicemi bývají spojovány pozitivní dopady na hostitelskou zemi ve formě napojení se na zahraniční trhy, přenosu technologického transferu a manažerského know-how. Na druhou stranu s PZI a investičními pobídkami bývají spojovány i negativní dopady na hostitelskou zemi, a to ve formě možného narušení hospodářské soutěže, ovlivnění platební bilance země vyplácením dividend do zahraničí nebo zvýšenými dovozy zahraničních firem. Je otázkou, zda poskytování investičních pobídek je tím nejvhodnějším nástrojem podpory přílivu PZI a zda již investiční pobídky neztratily svůj význam v době, kdy země střední Evropy nabízejí velmi podobné systémy investičních pobídek. Alternativou investičních pobídek by mělo být kvalitní podnikatelské prostředí s nízkou sazbou daně, fungujícím soudnictvím a kvalifikovanou pracovní silou.

Cílem je zmapování základních charakteristik vývoje a způsobu řízení platební bilance, vytipování základních faktorů ovlivňujících vývoj v jednotlivých obdobích, zejména v období ekonomické transformace.

Brazílie je regionální velmocí Jižní Ameriky a brazilské společnosti začínají být úspěšnými i vně federální hranice. Smlouvy z Tordesillas (1492) a z Madridu (1750) oddělily toto území od zbytku kontinentu a položily tak základy k jeho diferenciaci, a to ve všech ohledech: v jazyce, kultuře, historii, současné pozici ve světové ekonomice i v předpovědích o budoucím vývoji. Spolu s Indií, Čínou a Ruskem je zařazena do skupiny nejrychleji rostoucích ekonomik světa (BRIC´s). Faktem ovšem také je, že Brazílie není poprvé označena za perspektivní ekonomiku s růžovou budoucností.

This thesis is about Taiwan's balance of trade and economical and political factors that affect it. In the first chapter, I define balance of trade in general. Next part consists of characteristics of Taiwanese history and economy and after those I finally focus on Taiwan's balance of trade and its structure. In the final part I talk about free trade agreements and international organizations that Taiwan wants to be part of and whose main goals are to lift certain trade barriers. In the light of the above mentioned information I try to predict the future structure of Taiwan's balance of trade.

The thesis talks about the environmental risks as the outcome of long-term drought. In the first parts of the thesis drought is examined as a phenomena, it talks about the importance of thorough knowledge of this phenomena paying attention also to the reasons for its occurrence and describing the different types of drought. The thesis further tries to describe the impact of drought on the environment and the landscape, and monitor changes that happen there. The work also deals with strategic documents as regulation tools which should help mitigate the negative impact drought has on the environment or prevent them completely. These documents are analysed and their usefulness and the degree to which they help solve the problems given is considered. In the practical part the water balance of the selected area with special degree of protection is evaluated with the prospect until 2100. Based on maps created in the program ArcGIS it was assessed whether the area has become drier and how dry it will be in the next decades. This part of the work further evaluates the flow rates in the chosen watercourse in the examined area, provided by the Czech hydrometeorological institute. It was found that the area has negative water balance which means it is becoming drier. Changes in the flow of water (especially less flow) in the river Punkva are not statistically significant. Based on this data it cannot be said that the flow of water is decreasing. It is possible that if the data were collected for longer time (perhaps 30 to 40 years) the changes in the flow of water could be proved. There is open space for further research. The above mentioned findings can be used as basis for further expert works dealing with this problematics.

The aim of my thesis was to monitor and analyse the dynamics of soil moisture (Θ) through the gravimetric method using Kopecky's physical rollers (KFV) and the capacitance method using Theta Probe ML2x (FDR) and CS616 (TDR) sensors. The measurement took place in the cadastral areas of the village Vícemelice and Polkovice. I conducted 10 parallel measurement campaigns of KFV and Theta Probe in Vícemilice and 4 in Polkovice. CS616 sensors were located stationary in both locations throughout the whole period and provided continual time series Θ. In Vícemilice, Theta Probe undervalued by 11.4 % compared to the KFV. The CS616 undervalued by 6.5 % compared to KFV and overvalued by 3.9 % Theta Probe. In Polkovice, Theta Probe undervalued by 1 % compared to KFV. The CS616 sensors systematically overvalued compared to the other two methods. It overvalued by 40.9 % compared to KFV and by 42.1 % compared to Theta Probe. Furthermore, the overvaluation was higher with a greater depth, while it was only 11 % at the top layer. Lastly, a survey of the suction pressure of soil water in relation to Θ was conducted near Vícemilice and the results of Θ measured by CS616 sensors were compared to the values simulated by SoilClim model which is one of the tools used to monitor water supplies in soil, in particular the occurrence of drought at the national level. Based on the results obtained in the framework of the submitted thesis, it can be stated that the indirect methods, in particular the Theta Probe, have proven to be useful tools for monitoring soil moisture. Compared to the destructive method, they represent significant time savings and, due to their accuracy, they can be recommended for drought monitoring, calibration of mathematical models, satellite imaging, or testing of a variety of hypotheses related to the water balance in scientific experiments.

The diploma thesis presents a topic The Influence of the Mode of Work of a Petrol Engine on its Heat Balance. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is focused on the characteristics of combustion engines and on individual components of a spark-ignition engine, which are closely related to a measurement of the heat balance. Second part of the presented thesis describes methodology of the heat balance measurement on a spark-ignition engine at the motor testing institute of Department of Technology and Automobile Transport of Mendel University in Brno. It is primarily focused on change of the individual heat flow components during different loading modes and graphic representation of them.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of heat efficiency and effectiveness of the Vojtěchov biogas station unit. The material balances were developed in connection with biogas created in the cogeneration unit. The heat produced by the cogeneration unit is distributed to reactors and drying rooms. Pursuing the main goal of the thesis, the research of the complete heating balance for all months has been conducted. Additionally, a variety of options were assessed, to find the best solution of how to increase the effectivity of the heat. As for the final solution, two recommendations have been proposed in the thesis. The first recommendation lies in a better usage of low-level heat distributed to the secondary fermentor. The second suggestion deals with the amount of heat from cogeneration unit to the system. The result of the analysis is the final recommendation on how to increase the efficiency of the heat usage and potential impacts of the solution on the subsidy according to the KVET standards received in the given year.

In the past ten years the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become a phenomenon, which is nowadays considered to be one of the major future perspectives of an economy. For many economists and politicians, the FDI is perceived as a saving instrument, which should help solve problems such as structure, regional discrepancies and most importantly a high unemployment rate especially under the conditions of global economic and financial crisis. The inflow of the FDI to host economy brings many positive effects that cannot be substituted. In fact, it is considered as a positive externality that must be paid. In order to attract the FDI in a country, the investment incentives are proposed and current incentives are being rebuilt. But attracting FDI at all costs can also be counterproductive. The intended aim of this thesis is to analyze positive and negativ effects of the FDI.