The first and second chapter sum up the most relevant parts of the generally accepted theory of external economic balance and the theory of exchange rates. The way of Czech Republic and entrance of Slovak republic to EMU is described in theird chapter. Fourth part anlyzes and compares development of the CZK and SKK (EUR). The final chapter compares the development of the shapes of the Czech and Slovak external economic balance.

China is the largest import partner of the United States. At the same time, China is the majority holder of U.S. Treasury securities. Moreover, both of these characteristics of the U.S.-China economic relations have become deeper over the last decade. The Chinese government gives its exporters a competitive advantage over American goods by undervaluing the exchange rate. This requires holding of foreign currency in reserve assets, or investing of foreign currency by buying dollar assets -- especially U.S. Treasury securities. One is supported by another and between both countries there is an increase of interdependence which is not based solely on the market principles. As the international trade and financial flows are affected by government's behavior -- both Chinese and American -- the economic interdependence creates certain risks. These risks can be reduced by fiscal discipline of the U.S. government together with the liberalization of the U.S.-China international trade.

Snowpack energy balance in forest environment: spatial and temporal variability of shortwave and longwave radiation Assessment of the role of forest on snowmelt processes and snowpack attributes contributes to the accuracy of spring floods forecasting. An importance of the coniferous forest consists in change of the snowpack energy balance. Forest reduces the total amount of solar radiation, however trees cause emitting of longwave radiation, both factors are fundamentally reflected in time of snowmelt in forest environment. Master thesis focuses on temporal and spatial variability of shortwave and longwave radiation depending on the structures of vegetation cover. Individual site types were defined as an open area, a forest affected by the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and a healthy coniferous forest, based on the hemispheric images of vegetation and its Leaf Area Index (LAI). Moreover, repeated manual measurements of the snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) were done in plots during winter period 2016/2017 in the Ptačí Brook catchment in the Šumava Mountains, and an analysis of shortwave and longwave radiation data the radiometers in plots was performed. Radiation fluxes in different plots were described in daily and seasonal scale, including the calculation of total heat from shortwave and...

The goal of this thesis was to outline a reformed budget for the European Union. The focus was on the fight between net contributors and net recipients with regards to the theory of fiscal federalism and the current levels of integration by the EU. The advent of the crisis was the motivation for the authorities to learn from the crisis and then to implement reforms. An analysis of the theory of public finance, the theory of fiscal federalism and the current state of the EU budget reveals three main areas that need to be resolved by this reform. The lack of a stabilisation function, inefficient allocation of expenditure chapters and, mainly the inequity in the distribution of funds between Member States indicated the need for radical change. Optimising operational budgetary balances with a mathematical model that would calculate these balances ex ante was not technically feasible. Thus, the author presents a model that could despite its simplifications bring significant benefits to the problems of "Juste Retour" by contributing towards fairer allocation and a reduction conflict between groups of beneficiaries and contributors. Additionally, significant outcomes were achieved with regards to the EU Budget notably greater flexibility and an overall simplification of the budget. Symptomatically a partial automatic stabiliser will be created for special cases such as asymmetric shock. The reform could serve to address the problem of "Juste Retour". Its weaknesses can be removed by further research.

Minimisation of environmental impact is a key factor in insuring the long-term sustainability of the aquacultural industry. Numerous studies have examined nutritional strategies as a means of reducing waste production and minimising the environmental impact of aquacultural waste. To achieve this goal, it is the challenge to the aquacultural industry to develop "environmentally friendly" feeds, feed management and feed production methods to reduce pollution. This applies mainly to pond farming of common carp, which plays an important role in global aquaculture. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to evaluate the possibilities of using modified cereals in pond aquaculture. It focused on issues that contribute to a better understanding of the interconnection between fish production, feed quality and applied feeding technologies with respect to water quality, nutrient budget, quality and quantity of natural food.

This thesis aids to deepen the analysis of drought in the South Moravian Region and its impact on the agricultural production. As part of the research were compared trends and variability in a water balance in the long term (1961--2014). Next, in the period 2000--2014, were examined the yields of the significant crops (spring barley, winter wheat and winter rape) and their dependence on the water balance and soil moisture. With a coefficient of determination (R2) were identified districts, months and years in which the yield was dependent on the water balance and water content in the soil.

Diploma thesis deals with disputes of contested territory in South China Sea region and describes the maritime trade in the region using statistical techniques. The theoretical part is focused on regional security of the region and legalistic theories. In practical part are described historical actions that took place in South China Sea and analysis of the commodities going through the South China Sea region. Analysis is based on Container port throughput, Liner shipping Connectivity index and export and import groups of goods and their impact on balance of trade.

This thesis deals with the financial crisis and specifically analyze the impact on the Czech economy. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical part and self analysis. Each part is divided further into two parts. The first part deals with the theory of macroeconomic indicators that describe the performance of the national economy. Described here is the gross domestic product, inflation, employment and unemployment, further indebtedness, foreign trade and balance of payments. The second part deals with the theory of the business cycle, its different types and phases. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the word crisis, its historical development and, ultimately, the notion of financial crisis. Own part of the thesis is dedicated to the financial crisis that hit the world in 2008. The first half own work is concerned with the emergence of the crisis in the United States and its gradual relocation to Europe The second part is devoted to the economy of the Czech Republic. Individual performance indicators of the national economy are analyzed in detail and to better illustrate the use of graphs and tables.

The thesis deals with the development of external economical balance indicators of the Visegrad Group countries according to specifically selected indicators. In the theoretical part of the thesis the emphasis is put on the balance of payments and the changes connected to the difference in comparison between the new methodology and the previous methodology. The critical values of the selected indicators are also defined here. In the practical part are selected and evaluated the internal indicator and the degree of economical openness within the limits of external and internal economical connectedness. The main part focuses on the development of the balance of payments and analysis of a current account and a financial account. The current account part of the thesis focuses on the performance evaluation of the account and on the initial pension account. The financial account part of the thesis focuses on the direct foreign investments. There is also an assessment of the level of Central bank intervention to balance the balance of payments. The next part of the thesis deals with the level and the rate of growth of the gross external debt and the development of exchange rates. In the resume of the thesis is a comparison between the Visegrad Group countries based on previously mentioned characteristics.

The main topic and goal of this diploma thesis Ekonomické zhodnocení vybraných investic is the evaluation of the certain economic investment in weatherproofing of the school canteen building in Kynšperk nad Ohři using data and information given by the management of this elementary school. For evaluation were used different statistical methods that take into consideration not just period of time but also a point of view of a long-term return on investment. This thesis deals with other possibilities which could lead to better utilization of investment comparing accessible sources during the implementation. The last part of this thesis deals with whether the investment was used properly and if the using of chosen materials and technologies was the best way of the profitability.