La modélisation temporelle de la propagation acoustique/élastique dans un milieu poreux à structure rigide (modèle du fluide équivalent) et souple (modèle de Biot) a été étudiée. Le concept de dérivées fractionnaires a été introduit, les fonctions de Green temporelles ainsi que les opérateurs de réflexion et de transmission ont été obtenues. Les problèmes directs et inverses ont été résolus en utilisant des données expérimentables réfléchies et/ou transmises. Une caractérisation complète des milieux poreux a été ainsi effectuée dans le régime asymptotique correspondant aux hautes fréquences et le régime visqueux correspondant aux basses fréquences. Une application expérimentale aux mousses plastiques et aux tissus osseux spongieux a été traitée. Une étude détaillée de la causalité des modèles a été faite suite à un doute dans la littérature concernant l'utilisation de modèles couramment utilisés (Johnson-Allard), les relations de Kramers-Kronig ont été vérifiées dans le domaine des hautes et basses fréquences. La causalité des modèles a été aussi montrée dans le domaine temporel en utilisant les relations généralisées de Hilbert et la théorie des distributions tempérées. Les problèmes ouverts concernant la propagation dans les milieux poreux macroscopiquement inhomogènes ont été soulevés, en évoquant quelques pistes comme la méthodes de séparation d'ondes (Waves splitting) et l'établissement des équations de propagations dans le régime temporel.

This thesis concerns three-dimensional finite element modelling of Biot's equations for elasto-acoustic modelling of wave propagation in layered media including porous elastic materials. The concept of hierarchical (p-version) finite elements are combined with various weak forms of Biot's equations. Computationally efficient methods providing accurate solutions of sound propagation in layered porous media are discussed. The research falls within the areas linear acoustics and numerical acoustics. Important applications of the developed methods may be found within vehicle interior acoustics, e.g. engineering design of damping treatment based on multiple layers of porous materials. / QC 20100618

Multilayered structures have many application in industry and society: they have peculiar properties and serve a variety of purposes, like structural support, thermal insulation, vibrational and acoustic isolation. This thesis concerns the prediction of sound transmission in multilayered structures. Two problems are herein investigated: the transmission of energy through structures and the transmission of energy along structures. The focus of the analysis is on the mid to high frequency range. To predict sound transmission in these structures, statistical energy analysis (SEA) is used.SEA models are devised for the prediction of the sound reduction index for two kinds of multilayered structures, double-walls used in buildings and trim-panels in vehicles; the double-walls comprise an air cavity in between flat plasterboard or glass plates, whereas the trim-panels a porous layer in between curved aluminium and rubber layers. The SEA models are based upon the wave-types carrying energy. The novelty in these SEAs is an element describing the waves in the air cavity, or in the porous layer, fully coupled to the mass-impeded external layers. Compared to measurements, the proposed SEA performs well: for double-walls, it performs better than previous models; for trim-panels, it is an original result. The parameters of the new SEA element, such as modal density, are derived from the coupling equations describing the fully coupled waves. For double-walls, these equations are derived via Newton's laws. For trim-panels, a variational approach based upon a modified Hamilton's principle valid for non-conservative systems is preferred, because it is a powerful machinery for deriving equations of motion and coupling conditions of a medium as complex as the porous layer. The modified Hamilton's principle for non-conservative systems is based upon a self-adjoint functional analogous to the Lagrangian, inspired by Morse and Feshbach's construction. A self-adjoint variational principle for Biot's equations in the displacement formulation is devised. An equivalent mixed formulation is obtained changing the coordinates of the displacement formulation via Lagrange multipliers. From this mixed formulation, the Lagrangian for a porous material with a limp frame is derived, which yields the continuity of the total displacement of the porous layer. Lagrange multipliers help to obtain the correct coupling functionals between a porous material and a solid. The Lagrange multipliers introducing the continuity of the frame and the solid displacements equal the traction of the in-vacuo frame, thus disappearing if the latter is limp. Measurements to gather material parameters for a Biot model of the porous layer have been conducted.The effects of spatial energy decay in the transmission along structures predicted by SEA is studied: a major effect is the increased relevance of indirect coupling loss factors between SEA elements. This may jeopardize the usefulness of SEA at higher frequencies. / <p>QC 20130218</p>

This study focused on experimentally measuring the performance of a fully cooled, scaled up C3X turbine vane. Experimental measurements focused on investigating row-to-row interactions of coolant jets and the contributions of external film cooling and internal impingement cooling to overall cooling effectiveness. Overall effectiveness was experimentally measured using a thermally scaled, matched Biot number vane model featuring a realistic internal impingement scheme and had normalized surface temperatures that were representative of those found on engine components. A geometrically identical vane was also constructed out of low conductivity polystyrene foam to measure the normalized adiabatic wall temperature, or adiabatic effectiveness of the film cooling configuration. The vanes featured a full coverage film-cooling scheme with a five-row showerhead and 13 total rows of holes containing 149 total coolant holes. This study was the first study to make highly detailed measurements of overall effectiveness on a fully-cooled vane model and expands on previous studies of adiabatic and overall effectiveness on the showerhead and single rows of holes on a matched Biot vane by considering a fully cooled configuration to determine if the results from these previous studies also hold for a fully cooled configuration. Additionally, velocity and thermal fields were measured just upstream of two different suction side rows of holes in order to study the effect of introducing upstream coolant injection. The effects of mainstream turbulence and span-wise location were examined and at the downstream row of holes, the contributions of different rows of holes to the approach flow were compared. This study was the first to measure mean and fluctuating velocity data on the suction side of a turbine vane with upstream coolant injection. Understanding the effects of how upstream injection affects the performance of downstream rows of holes is critical to understanding the film cooling performance on a fully cooled turbine airfoil. / text

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:01:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IrisOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2857420 bytes, checksum: 79699f54a821e014e634ecb96cbf1212 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-28T21:28:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IrisOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2857420 bytes, checksum: 79699f54a821e014e634ecb96cbf1212 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T21:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IrisOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2857420 bytes, checksum: 79699f54a821e014e634ecb96cbf1212 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O avan?o nanotecnol?gico na s?ntese e caracteriza??o de nanopart?culas (NP?s) tem protagonizado o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para diversas aplica??es de materiais em escala nanom?trica que apresentam propriedades especificas. O desenvolvimento cient?fico nas ?ltimas d?cadas na ?rea de nanotecnologia tem protagonizado a descoberta de novos materiais para as mais diversas aplica??es, em ?reas como: biom?dicas, qu?mica, ?ptica, mec?nica e t?xtil. A alta efici?ncia bactericida de nanopart?culas met?licas (Au e Ag), dentre outros metais ? bastante conhecida, devido a sua capacidade de agir no DNA de fungos, v?rus e bact?rias, interrompendo o processo de respira??o celular, tornando-os importantes meios de estudo, al?m de sua capacidade de prote??o UVA e UVB. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a aplica??o de um m?todo inovador na impregna??o de nanopart?culas de ouro em substrato t?xtil, funcionalizado com quitosana, pelo processo de tingimento via exaust?o, com controle de temperatura, tempo e velocidade e obten??o de caracter?sticas antimicrobianas e prote??o UV. Os substratos esgotados com solu??es coloidais de NPAu?s apresentaram colora??o lil?s e avermelhada (em malha de soja) devido a sua superf?cie de plasmon no pico em torno de 520-540 nm. As NPAu?s foram sintetizadas via s?ntese qu?mica, usando o citrato de s?dio como agente redutor e estabilizador. O material foi previamente cationizado com quitosana, um polieletr?lito natural, com a finalidade de funcionaliz?-lo para potencializar a adsor??o das NPAu, sendo usadas concentra??es de 5, 7, 10 e 20 % de ligante sobre o peso do material (SPM). Verificou-se tamb?m, atrav?s de um planejamento experimental 23 , com 3 pontos centrais, qual era o melhor processo de esgotamento dos substratos, utilizando os fatores: tempo (min.), temperatura (?C) e concentra??o do coloide (%), tendo como resposta a vari?vel for?a color?stica - K/S (KubelkaMunk) das fibras. Foram evidenciadas como melhores respostas os par?metros: concentra??o e temperatura. O substrato com NPAu foi caracterizado por DRX; An?lise t?rmica, via TGA; microestrutural via MEV/EDS evidenciando as NP na superf?cie do substrato e presen?a de ouro (Au). Observou-se tamb?m que os substratos funcionalizados com NPAu possuem boa solidez a lavagem, fator de classifica??o UPF de +50, considerado excelente e propriedade bactericida de 98,22% para staphylococcus aureus e 96,45% para klebsiella pneumoniae, comprovando que o tecido multifuncional desenvolvido, possui grande potencial de aplica??o na ?rea biom?dica / The advancement of nanotechnology in the synthesis and characterisation of nanoparticles (NP's) has played an important role in the development of new technologies for various applications of nano-scale materials that have unique properties. The scientific development in the last decades in the field of nanotechnology has sought ceaselessly, the discovery of new materials for the most diverse applications, such as biomedical areas, chemical, optical, mechanical and textiles. The high bactericidal efficiency of metallic nanoparticles (Au and Ag), among other metals is well known, due to its ability to act in the DNA of fungi, viruses and bacteria, interrupting the process of cellular respiration, making them important means of study, in addition to its ability to protect UVA and UVB. The present work has as its main objective the implementation of an innovative method in the impregnation of nanoparticles of gold in textile substrate, functionalized with chitosan, by a dyeing process by exhaustion, with the control of temperature, time and velocity, thus obtaining microbial characteristics and UV protection. The exhausted substrates with colloidal solutions of NPAu's presented the colours, lilac and red (soybean knits) due to their surface plasmon peak around 520-540 nm. The NPAu's were synthesized chemically, using sodium citrate as a reducing agent and stabilizer. The material was previously cationised with chitosan, a natural polyelectrolyte, with the purpose of functionalising it to enhance the adsorption of colloid, at concentrations of 5, 7, 10 and 20 % of the bonding agent on the weight of the material (OWM). It was also observed, through an experimental design 23 , with 3 central points, which was the best process of exhaustion of the substrates, using the following factors: Time (min.), temperature (OC) and concentration of the colloid (%), having as a response to variable K/S (ABSORB?NCIA/ Kubelka-Munk) of the fibres. Furthermore, it was evidenced as the best response, the following parameters: concentration 100%, temperature 70 ?C and time 30 minutes. The substrate with NPAu was characterised by XRD; thermal analysis using TGA; microstructural study using SEM/EDS and STEM, thus showing the NP on the surface of the substrate confirming the presence of the metal. The substrates showed higher washing fastness, antibacterial properties and UV radiation protection.

Cette thèse apporte une contribution à l'analyse des effets d'anisotropie dans la détermination des propriétés poroélastiques des roches poreuses. Après une étude bibliographique, l'influence de la forme et de la distribution en orientation des pores sur l'anisotropie des roches a été étudiée. Le schéma d'estimation pris en compte est celui de Mori-Tanaka. En utilisant la solution analytique d'une inclusion sphérique isolée dans une matrice isotrope transverse infinie, l'estimation des coefficients poroélastiques effectifs des matériaux hétérogènes de type roches-composites a été réalisée. Par la suite, on s'intéresse à la prise en compte des inclusions sphéroidales dont l'orientation ne coincide pas avec l'axe d'orthotropie de révolution de la matrice. On propose une approche d'intégration numérique basée sur la fonction de Green. L'intégration numérique sur la sphère unité est réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode de Gauss dont la précision est discutée. L'outil numérique développé est appliqué à une roche poreuse en considérant un schéma d'homogénéisation en deux étapes et différentes fonctions de distribution d'orientation. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence les influences respectives des anisotropies de matrice et de l'espace poreux. / This thesis contributes to the analysis of the anisotropic effects in the determination of the poroelastic properties of the porous rocks. After a bibliographical study, the influence of the form and distribution in orientation of the pores on the anisotropy of the rocks were studied. The homogenization scheme in this thesis is that of Mori-Tanaka. The estimate of the effective coefficients poroelastic of heterogeneous materials of type rocks-like composites characterized by a transverse isotropic matrix containing solid mineral inclusions of roughly spherical form was carried out in using the analytical solution of a spherical inclusion isolated in an infinite transverse isotropic matrix. Thereafter, we are interested in the taking into account of spheroidal inclusions of which orientation does not coincid with the orthogonal axis of revolution of the matrix. We propose a numerical approach of integration based on the Green function. Numerical integrate on the unit sphere is carried out using a method of Gauss of which the precision is discussed. The developed numerical tool is applied to a porous rock by considering a homogenization scheme in two stages and various functions of distribution of orientation. Respective influences of pore space anisotropy and matrix anisotropy are clearly distinguished and analyzed.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23544号 / 情博第774号 / 新制||情||132(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科先端数理科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 藤原 宏志, 教授 磯 祐介, 教授 田口 智清 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

The digitalization of our community, robotization of our industry and electrification of our transports leads to an increasing demand of electric power, which relies on a strong and reliable grid. In order to continuously be able to deliver stable and qualitative electric power all over Sweden the grid needs to be expanded. To safely expand the grid, several laws, regulations and safety precautions needs to be followed and one of them applies to the magnetic field from high voltage power lines. This Master thesis aims to show two different ways of calculating the magnetic field from high voltage power lines. The first way is to take the transmission line catenary in account and the other is to approximate a straight line and show the magnetic field extension. It also aims to show how the field looks close to transmission poles, both straight and with angles, in order to find out if that changes the field outcome. Both ways of calculating the field shows the same magnetic field magnitude below the point where the catenary hangs down the most. With the catenary taken into account, the magnetic field strength is lower than with the approximation with straight line, and shows the real field extension from the powerline. Using the straight line approximation, the magnetic field is higher and constant below the whole power line. As both ways of calculating takes a high amount of time, the one that gives the real field extension is recommended to use for real life application.

Geotechnical structures under realistic field conditions are usually influenced with complex interactions of coupled hydromechanical behavior of porous materials. In many geotechnical applications, however, these important coupled interactions are ignored in their constitutive models. Under coupled hydromechanical behavior, stress in porous materials causes volumetric change in strain, which causes fluid diffusion; consequently, pore pressure dissipates through the pores that results in the consolidation of porous material. The objective of this research wasto demonstrate the advantages of using hydromechanical models to estimate deformation and pore water pressure of porous materials by comparing with mechanical-only models. Firstly, extensive literature survey was conducted about hydromechanical models based on Biot’s poroelastic concept. Derivations of Biot’s poroelastic equations will be presented. To demonstrate the hydromechanical effects, a numerical model of poroelastic rock materials was developed using COMSOL, a commercialized multiphysics finite element software package, and compared with the analytical model developed by Wang (2000). Secondly, a series of sensitivity analyses was conducted to correlate the effect of poroelastic parameters on the behavior of porous material. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that porosity and Biot’s coefficient has dominant contribution to porous material behavior. Thirdly, a coupled hydromechanical finite element model was developed for a real-world example of embankment consolidation. The simulation results show excellent agreement to field measurements of embankment settlement data.

No / The causal and physically realizable Biot hysteretic model proves to be the simplest linear model able to describe the nearly rate-independent behaviour of engineering materials. In this paper, the performance of the Biot hysteretic model is analysed and compared with those of the ideal and causal hysteretic models. The Laguerre polynomial approximation (LPA) method, recently proposed for the time-domain analysis of linear viscoelastic systems, is then summarized and applied to the prediction of the dynamic response of linear hysteretic systems to deterministic and random excitations. The parameters of the LPA model generally need to be computed through numerical integrals; however, when this model is used to approximate the Biot hysteretic model, closed-form expressions can be found. Effective step-by-step procedures are also provided in the paper, which prove to be accurate also for high levels of damping. Finally, the method is applied to the dynamic analysis of a highway embankment excited by deterministic and random ground motions. The results show that in some cases the inaccuracy associated with the use of an equivalent viscous damping model is too large.