Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail. Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology. Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and Virginia rail. Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics. The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics. One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark. In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration. / May 2006

Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail. Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology. Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and Virginia rail. Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics. The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics. One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark. In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration.

Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail. Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology. Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and Virginia rail. Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics. The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics. One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark. In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T14:57:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) / Rejected by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br), reason: corrigir referencia on 2017-09-25T13:11:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-09-25T13:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-10-27T13:03:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-10-27T13:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T13:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvioRFS_TESE.pdf: 2053873 bytes, checksum: 931bc52dba65c14e64eb7578edb9afc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The global problem regarding the degradation of mangroves encourages research aimed at maintaining or restoring this environment. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, the saline industry, through research projects in partnership with universities, seeks a viable alternative to the use of hypersaline water, bittern, from salt production, linked to mangrove restoration projects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, 1807 produced with the use of hypersaline and low salinity water in substrate with and without coconut fiber (CF). The experiment was set up in a greenhouse at the Center of Agrarian Sciences - UFERSA – Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte. The effect of three irrigation water salinity levels (A1 = 0.5 dS.m-1; A2 = 29.6 dS.m-1, A3 = 54.2 dS.m-1) was evaluated in three concentrations of substrate-restinga sand (S1= 100% AR, S2= 50%AR + 50% FC, e S3 = 75% AR + 25% CF). The experimental design was randomized blocks, 3x3 factorial arrangement, four blocks, totaling 36 plots with 25 plants in each plot. At 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days after the application of the treatments (DAT), analyses on the growth of seedlings included the leaf number (NF); the stem diameter (DC); plant height (AP); length of the largest root (R); dry matter of the root and shoot system (MSSR and MSPA), leaf area (AF) and unitary leaf area (AFU). With these data, we calculated the ratios e indices: root/shoot ratio (RR-PA), shoot/root ratio (RPA-R) and shoot height/stem diameter ratio (RAP-DC), total dry matter (MST), Dickson quality index (IQD) and leaf area index (LAI). Soil samples were also taken for monitoring the chemical variables of the substrate (electrical conductivity/EC, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (t), SB and PST). At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the addition of coconut fiber did not minimize the effect of the salts on seedling growth. The waters 0.5 dS.m-1 and 29 dS.m-1 in interaction with restinga sand substrate represented the best interactions. The interaction water with 5% (29,6 dS.m-1) hypersaline mixture plus restinga sand substrate is the most suitable for production of seedlings under the conditions of this experiment, since these would have greater capacity to adapt to the hypersaline conditions verified in mangrove ecosystems / A problemática mundial em relação à degradação dos manguezais é fonte de estímulo para pesquisas que visem à manutenção ou recomposição desse ambiente. No Estado do Rio Grande do Norte a indústria salineira, por meio de projetos de pesquisa em parceria com universidades, busca uma alternativa viável para o uso da água hipersalina, água mãe, proveniente da produção sal, atrelada a projetos de recuperação do ecossistema de manguezal. Com o presente estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a qualidade de mudas da espécie Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, 1807, produzida com o uso da mistura de águas hipersalinas e de baixa salinidade em substrato com e sem fibra coco (FC). O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Agrárias – UFERSA – Mossoró/RN. Avaliou-se o efeito de três níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (A1 = 0,5 dS.m-1; A2 = 29,6 dS.m-1, A3 = 54,2 dS.m-1) com três concentrações de substrato - areia de restinga (AR): (S1= 100% AR, S2= 50%AR + 50% FC, e S3 = 75% AR + 25% FC). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 3x3, quatro blocos, totalizando 36 parcelas, com 25 plantas em cada parcela. Aos 21, 42, 63, 84 e 105 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), foram realizados estudos de crescimento das mudas em que as variáveis avaliadas foram número de folhas (NF); diâmetro do caule (DC); altura da planta (AP); comprimento da maior raiz (R); matéria seca do sistema radicular e da parte aérea (MSSR e MSPA), área foliar (AF) e área foliar unitária (AFU). De posse desses dados, foram calculados as relações e índices: relação raiz/parte aérea (RR-PA), relação parte aérea/raiz (RPA-R) e relação altura da parte aérea/diâmetro do caule (RAP-DC), matéria seca total (MST) e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD), índice de área foliar (IAF). Também se procedeu a avaliação das amostras de solo para o acompanhamento das variáveis químicas do substrato (condutividade elétrica/CE, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (t), SB e PST). Ao final do experimento, concluiu-se que a adição de fibra de coco não minimizou o efeito dos sais sobre o crescimento das mudas. As águas 0,5 dS.m-1 e 29dS.m-1 em interação com substrato areia de restinga foram as melhores interações. A interação água com 5% (29,6 dS.m-1) de mistura hipersalina mais substrato areia de restinga é a mais indicada para produção de mudas em condições desse experimento, pois estas teriam maior capacidade de se adaptar às condições de hipersalinidade, verificadas nos ecossistemas de mangue / 2017-09-22

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LianaFA.pdf: 3114958 bytes, checksum: 98adbf744d65a1ab7d9d6e74eb3bea83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The treatment of colored and alkaline effluent has been a challenge to the textile industry. An alternative to remove the colors of those effluents is applying magnesium chloride as a coagulant agent. The magnesium ion, in high pH, hydrolyzes itself, forming the magnesium hydroxide which has a large adsorptive area and positive electrostatic charges able to act as an efficient coagulant. The bittern wastewater from the salt industries has been studied as a potential font of this magnesium ion. Nowadays, this bittern wastewater is evicted into the sea, without any treatment or other use. This thesis has evaluated the potential of applying the wastewater from the salt industries in the treatment of dyeing effluent containing indigo dye and alkaline pH. All the experiments were made in jar tests simulating the chemical coagulation, flocculation and decantation steps ranging the pH and the concentration of magnesium ion. Were obtained removals between 96% and 76% for turbidity, apparent color, and true color, respectively, using 200mg/L Mg2+. The reduction of costs with acid, when were used the salt industries wastewater, comparing with Al2(SO4)3, was 62%. For the degradation of organic matter remaining in the clarified, around 900 mg/L, was applyed the advanced process of oxidation: photo-Fenton. The preliminary results showed 57% reduction in DOC. According to the results obtained, the salt industries wastewater can be applied, as coagulant, in the physical-chemical treatment of the denim dyeing wastewater, so it is not necessary a previous adjust of pH, efficiently and economically / O tratamento de efluentes coloridos e alcalinos tem sido um desafio para as ind?strias t?xteis. Uma alternativa para a remo??o de cor destes efluentes ? a aplica??o do cloreto magn?sio como coagulante. O ?on magn?sio, em pH elevado, se hidrolisa, formando o hidr?xido de magn?sio que possui larga ?rea adsortiva e cargas eletrost?ticas positivas capazes de agir como um eficiente coagulante. Como fonte deste ?on, tem sido estudada a ?gua residu?ria das salinas, conhecida como ?gua-m?e (A-M), rica em diversos sais. Atualmente, ela ? lan?ada diretamente no mar, sem tratamento ou aproveitamento. Esta tese avaliou a capacidade de aplica??o desta ?gua residu?ria no tratamento de efluente de tinturaria contendo corante ?ndigo e pH alcalino. Os experimentos foram realizados em Testes de Jarro, simulando as etapas de coagula??o, flocula??o e decanta??o, variando o pH e a concentra??o do ?on magn?sio. Foram obtidas remo??es m?dias de 96%, 91% e 76% para turbidez, cor aparente e cor verdadeira, respectivamente, utilizando 200 mg/L Mg2+. A redu??o de custos com ?cido, quando se usou A-M em compara??o com o Al2(SO4)3, foi de 62%. Para a degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica remanescente no clarificado, em torno de 900 mg/L, foi aplicado o processo de oxida??o avan?ada: foto-Fenton. Os resultados preliminares apresentaram redu??es de 57% de carbono org?nico dissolvido (COD). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a ?gua residu?ria das salinas pode ser aplicada, como coagulante, no tratamento f?sico-qu?mico do efluente de tinturaria de denim, sem ajustes pr?vios de pH, de forma eficiente e econ?mica