<p>The setting of pupils' final grades in the Swedish upper secondary school system is the responsibility of their teachers and once grades are set, they are not open to appeal. This can be compared with the British system where an external, central examination board sets the final grades based on the result of externally marked examinations (A-levels). These grades are then open to appeal if it is felt that an injustice has been made.</p><p>This research paper has been an investigation into how pupils in one Swedish upper secondary school attempt to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process and how these teachers are affected by these different methods. Five teachers in total were interviewed in a qualitative case study. The study has also taken up the controversial issue of how grades, which are set individually by thousands of teachers across the country, can be deemed to be fair and equivalent.</p><p>The study revealed that pupils employ many different methods when trying to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process e.g. bribery and negotiation, threats of physical violence, psychological pressure and blackmail as well as flattery. It was established though, that out of all the interviewed teachers, not one of them claimed to have been influenced by the pupils' behaviour. However, all the teachers admitted that their emotional wellbeing was affected negatively in one way or another by the psychological strain.</p><p>Finally, whilst the study showed that the interviewed teachers set grades fairly and equivalently in that they were not influenced by the pupils' behaviour, none of them believed that the system had a chance of functioning effectively on a nationwide basis due to grading discrepancies occurring between teachers and schools.</p>

The setting of pupils' final grades in the Swedish upper secondary school system is the responsibility of their teachers and once grades are set, they are not open to appeal. This can be compared with the British system where an external, central examination board sets the final grades based on the result of externally marked examinations (A-levels). These grades are then open to appeal if it is felt that an injustice has been made. This research paper has been an investigation into how pupils in one Swedish upper secondary school attempt to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process and how these teachers are affected by these different methods. Five teachers in total were interviewed in a qualitative case study. The study has also taken up the controversial issue of how grades, which are set individually by thousands of teachers across the country, can be deemed to be fair and equivalent. The study revealed that pupils employ many different methods when trying to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process e.g. bribery and negotiation, threats of physical violence, psychological pressure and blackmail as well as flattery. It was established though, that out of all the interviewed teachers, not one of them claimed to have been influenced by the pupils' behaviour. However, all the teachers admitted that their emotional wellbeing was affected negatively in one way or another by the psychological strain. Finally, whilst the study showed that the interviewed teachers set grades fairly and equivalently in that they were not influenced by the pupils' behaviour, none of them believed that the system had a chance of functioning effectively on a nationwide basis due to grading discrepancies occurring between teachers and schools.

Name: Issues in organized crime Aims of the thesis: 1. To define and classify organized crime 2. To describe historical development of organized crime 3. To analyze organized crime in the states where its presence has become evident i.e. Italy, USA, Russia and Japan 4. To characterize the main activities of organized crime 5. To define the means of fighting organized crime Methods: When analyzing organized crime, it is impossible to use research methods that would comprise direct contact with a criminal environment. Indirect evidence was used to compile the thesis. Methods of research: 1. The use of information from publications 2. Analysis of documents 3. Research into selected legal means of fighting organized crime 4. Content analysis of the press 5. Statistics Results: Various views on organized crime, its features and its typology have been defined. Its causes and the conditions under which organized crime arises, as well as its beginnings, were described. Findings about organized crime in selected countries were analyzed; attention was drawn to history, the present day and occurrences and activities of the main organized groups. The main activities of organized crime were described in four groups, focusing on their description, organization and the legal issues. Eventually, possible means of...