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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Uso de análise multivariada para determinar a associação do desempenho reprodutivo de machos suinos com as caracteristicas seminais / Use of multivariate analyses to determine the association of boar fertility with semen traits

Kummer, Aline Beatriz Heinen Prates January 2012 (has links)
A aplicação de novos sistemas para medir as características de deslocamento espermático e sua associação com a fertilidade vem apresentando um crescimento recente. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) permite uma avaliação padronizada das características da motilidade espermática e é plausível que a combinação destes parâmetros com as características morfológicas seminais possam estimar a fertilidade do ejaculado. O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto - TP e número de leitões nascidos totais - NT) de 14 reprodutores suínos foi obtido a partir de um experimento conduzido em uma granja comercial com fêmeas multíparas utilizando inseminação homospérmica com deposição intra-cervical e dois bilhões de espermatozoides móveis por dose inseminante. Durante 10 semanas, as fêmeas (n=948) foram inseminadas e igualmente distribuídas entre os machos testados de acordo com a ordem de parto, média do histórico de leitões nascidos, escore de condição corporal, intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), duração da lactação e número de leitões desmamados. Características da motilidade espermática, avaliadas pelo sistema CASA in natura e durante armazenamento a 17°C por 240h, e os defeitos morfológicos avaliados no sêmen in natura, foram incluídas na análise para determinar quais parâmetros espermáticos foram importantes para discriminar o potencial reprodutivo dos ejaculados desses machos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada que incluiu procedimentos estatísticos tais como: análises de cluster, canônica e discriminante. Dentre os 14 machos avaliados, 4 clusters foram formados com base nos resultados reprodutivos. Um macho, com menor resultado de TP e NT (89,7% e 11,98) e dois machos, com os maiores valores de TP e NT (97,8% e 14,16) foram alocados em diferentes grupos. Os demais machos foram separados em outros dois grupos distintos (4 e 7 machos), incluindo machos com valores semelhantes de NT (12,64 e 13,22) mas divergentes na TP (95,9% vs. 91,8%). A análise canônica permitiu separar os grupos, sendo a melhor separação observada entre o grupo menos fértil e os demais. As características seminais que demonstraram melhor capacidade de discriminação dos grupos incluíram motilidade espermática total, motilidade progressiva, amplitude do deslocamento lateral da cabeça espermática, além das características morfológicas tal como a presença de gota citoplasmática. A análise multivariada discriminante permitiu classificar corretamente mais de 80% dos 140 ejaculados avaliados em seus respectivos grupos. A análise multivariada pode ser uma eficiente ferramenta estatística na discriminação do potencial reprodutivo de cachaços. / The application of new approaches that measure certain sperm motion characteristics and their association with boar fertility has shown a recent increase. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) offers standardized assessment of multiple sperm motion parameters and it is plausible that the combination of these parameters with morphological sperm defects may indicate the fertility potential of boars. The fertility outcome (farrowing rate - FR and number of total piglets born - TB) of 14 boars was obtained from a field trial conducted in a commercial farm using multiparous sows through single sire mating with two billion motile sperm cells per AI dose. Sows (n=948) bred were equally distributed among boars according to parity, mean lifetime number of piglets born, body condition score, weaning-to-estrus interval, lactation length and number of weaned piglets during 10 weeks of breeding period. Sperm motion parameters evaluated with CASA system in natura and in semen stored at 17°C for 240h in addition to morphological sperm defects, measured at the collection day, were included in the analysis to determine which semen traits were important to discriminate the fertility potential of ejaculates from these boars. The data underwent multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster, canonical and discriminant analyses. Among the 14 evaluated boars four clusters were formed based on fertility outcome. One boar, with the lowest FR and TB values (89.7% and 11.98), and two boars, with the highest FR and TB values (97.8% and 14.16), were placed in different clusters. The others boars were separated in two new distinct clusters (4 and 7 boars), including boars with intermediate TB (12.64 and 13.22) but divergent values of FR (95.9% vs. 91.8%). Canonical analysis was able to separate the individual ejaculates into the previously clustered boars and a better separation was shown between the lowest fertility group and the others. Semen traits which had higher discriminatory power included total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, analyzed during semen storage, and sperm morphological defects such as cytoplasmatic droplets. The multivariate discriminant analysis showed that more than 80% of the 140 ejaculates were correctly classified into their own group. The multivariate analysis can be an efficient statistical tool to improve the discrimination of potential fertility of boars.
62

Posouzení škod zvěří na rodinné farmě ve Lhoticích / Assessment of damage by animals on the family farm in Lhotice

ZEVL, Jiří January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this work was to assess the damage caused by wild boar in terms of ecosystem-based pespective, take into account the influence of historical development, document the current status and predict the direction of development. I focused on the farm of Jiri Zevl in Lhotice. I analysed and evaluated the damages caused by wild boar. I already applied measures in terms of their actual effectiveness. In the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, I focused on all the fields on the farm, where damages were noticed. Farm in the period began to apply these two measures against damages caused by animals: chemical protection by Hukinol and also cultivation awned wheat varieties. I compared damage on fields before and after protection. I've always found out and filed damage just a few days before harvesting. For the actual detection and damage assessment, I chose the method of visual inspection. I measured and calculated surface damage I measured individual damaged areas with a tape measure and method of irregular shapes transformed into geometric shapes, Than I calculated their area. According to my research is chemical protection effective as well as the growing awned wheat varieties. In 2010, there were used no precautions, was the damage 31,539 CZK and there was damaged 18.3% of the area of all fields in research. In 2011, the financial loss decreased to 14 941 CZK and the area damaged by animals to 3.7 % of the total area. In 2012, the damaged area was 7.8 % and financial loss increased to 29 054 CZK. In conclusion I make recommendations for further action that should dechne damages in the coming years. On the issue of damage caused by wild boar on crops, I have two suggestions: 68 First: It is neccesary to handle this issue since its inception. Increase in the numbers of wild boars has caused intensive farming that disrupted the flow of energy in the country. The solution could be partial cancellation of obligations of users of hunting grounds cover damage caused by animals. It is necessary to rethink the system, which works now. Not only hunters should be responsible for damage, but also farmers, or owners. Second: It is necessary to solve the problem of farmers and users of hunting grounds together. It is necessary to choose such a user hunting who will cooperate and will take care to avoid damage. Recovery of damages from the users of hunting area doesn´t solve the problem in the long term sight, it is only a short-term basis and short-sighted.
63

Estudo etiológico e patológico de pneumonias em javalis criados de forma confinada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Etiological and pathological study of pneumonia in captive wild-boars in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Biondo, Natalha January 2012 (has links)
As doenças respiratórias são muito comuns na produção intensiva de suínos, já em javalis são escassas informações sobre prevalência, etiologia e apresentação clínico-patológica destas enfermidades. No entanto, a presença de patógenos respiratórios comuns entre javalis selvagens e confinados e suínos domésticos já foi relatada. Este trabalho descreve as principais lesões macroscópicas e histológicas de pneumonias de javalis e os agentes comumente envolvidos. Foram examinados pulmões de javalis, ao abate, provenientes de criatórios comerciais e a principal lesão macroscópica foi consolidação crânio-ventral dos lobos craniais e médios e lesões crônicas cursando com hiperplasia linfóide na histologia. O principal agente bacteriano detectado foi o Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (58,6%). Outros patógenos bacterianos detectados foram Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (48,8%), Haemophilus parasuis (49,6%), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (41,3%), Pasteurella multocida (9,1%) e Streptococcus suis (9,1%). Na segunda parte do trabalho, a pesquisa de patógenos virais foi direcionada para o Vírus da influenza suína (VIS) com objetivo de estudar o envolvimento em pneumonias de javalis de criatórios e a relação com agentes bacterianos encontrados. O vírus pandêmico A/H1N1/2009 foi detectado em 18,3% (11/60) e sua identidade foi confirmada por sequenciamento. A carga viral para H1N1 clássico variou de 4,58 a 6275 cópias/μL e para o H1N1 pandêmico, de 4,65 a 3863 cópias/μL. Nenhuma amostra apresentou título viral após a inoculação em ovos embrionados. As lesões histológicas principais foram broncopneumonia crônica difusa e pneumonia intersticial mononuclear leve, além de hiperplasia linfóide. As amostras positivas por RT-PCR para o VIS para o pH1N1 foram testadas por IHQ, sendo todas negativas para influenza A, mas todas eram positivas para M. hyopneumoniae. Quando testadas por bacteriologia, 18,2% das amostras foram positivas para P. multocida. O estudo mostrou que as pneumonias em javalis de criatório apresentaram lesões e patógenos associados similares aos encontrados em suínos domésticos ao abate. Este é o primeiro relato da infecção pelo vírus pH1N1 em javalis no Brasil. / Respiratory diseases are very common in swine intensive production, although in wild-boars the knowledge of the prevalence, etiology and clinic-pathological presentation of these diseases are very limited. However, the presence of common respiratory pathogens among wild-boar, captive wild-boar and domestic pigs has been reported. This paper describes the main macroscopic and histologic pneumonic lesions of captive wild-boars and pathogens commonly involved. Captive wild-boar lungs at slaughter were examined and the main macroscopic lesion observed was cranio-ventral consolidation of cranial and middle lobes and chronic lesions associated with lymphoid hyperplasia by histology. The main bacterial pathogen detected was Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (58.6%). Other bacterial pathogens detected were Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (48.8%), Haemophilus parasuis (49.6%), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (41.3%), Pasteurella multocida (9.1%) and Streptococcus suis (9.1%). In the second part of this work, the survey of viral pathogens was directed to swine influenza virus (SIV) in order to study the involvement in captive wild-boar pneumonias and the relation with bacterial pathogens. The A/H1N1/2009 pandemic virus was detected in 18.3% (11/60) and its identity was confirmed by sequencing. The classical H1N1 viral load ranged from 4.58 to 6275 copies/uL and the pandemic H1N1, from 4.65 to 3863 copies/uL. No samples had viral titers after inoculation in embryonated eggs. The main histological lesions were chronic diffuse bronchopneumonia and interstitial mononuclear pneumonia as well as mild lymphoid hyperplasia. Samples positive to pH1N1 were assayed by IHC for SIV, all with negative results, and to M. hyopneumoniae, all were positive. When assayed by bacteriology, 18.2% of samples were positive to P. multocida. This study showed that pneumonia in captive wild-boar had similar lesions and associated pathogens were similar to those found in domestic pigs at slaughter. This is the first report of pH1N1 virus infection in captive wild-boars in Brazil.
64

Uso de análise multivariada para determinar a associação do desempenho reprodutivo de machos suinos com as caracteristicas seminais / Use of multivariate analyses to determine the association of boar fertility with semen traits

Kummer, Aline Beatriz Heinen Prates January 2012 (has links)
A aplicação de novos sistemas para medir as características de deslocamento espermático e sua associação com a fertilidade vem apresentando um crescimento recente. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) permite uma avaliação padronizada das características da motilidade espermática e é plausível que a combinação destes parâmetros com as características morfológicas seminais possam estimar a fertilidade do ejaculado. O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto - TP e número de leitões nascidos totais - NT) de 14 reprodutores suínos foi obtido a partir de um experimento conduzido em uma granja comercial com fêmeas multíparas utilizando inseminação homospérmica com deposição intra-cervical e dois bilhões de espermatozoides móveis por dose inseminante. Durante 10 semanas, as fêmeas (n=948) foram inseminadas e igualmente distribuídas entre os machos testados de acordo com a ordem de parto, média do histórico de leitões nascidos, escore de condição corporal, intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), duração da lactação e número de leitões desmamados. Características da motilidade espermática, avaliadas pelo sistema CASA in natura e durante armazenamento a 17°C por 240h, e os defeitos morfológicos avaliados no sêmen in natura, foram incluídas na análise para determinar quais parâmetros espermáticos foram importantes para discriminar o potencial reprodutivo dos ejaculados desses machos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada que incluiu procedimentos estatísticos tais como: análises de cluster, canônica e discriminante. Dentre os 14 machos avaliados, 4 clusters foram formados com base nos resultados reprodutivos. Um macho, com menor resultado de TP e NT (89,7% e 11,98) e dois machos, com os maiores valores de TP e NT (97,8% e 14,16) foram alocados em diferentes grupos. Os demais machos foram separados em outros dois grupos distintos (4 e 7 machos), incluindo machos com valores semelhantes de NT (12,64 e 13,22) mas divergentes na TP (95,9% vs. 91,8%). A análise canônica permitiu separar os grupos, sendo a melhor separação observada entre o grupo menos fértil e os demais. As características seminais que demonstraram melhor capacidade de discriminação dos grupos incluíram motilidade espermática total, motilidade progressiva, amplitude do deslocamento lateral da cabeça espermática, além das características morfológicas tal como a presença de gota citoplasmática. A análise multivariada discriminante permitiu classificar corretamente mais de 80% dos 140 ejaculados avaliados em seus respectivos grupos. A análise multivariada pode ser uma eficiente ferramenta estatística na discriminação do potencial reprodutivo de cachaços. / The application of new approaches that measure certain sperm motion characteristics and their association with boar fertility has shown a recent increase. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) offers standardized assessment of multiple sperm motion parameters and it is plausible that the combination of these parameters with morphological sperm defects may indicate the fertility potential of boars. The fertility outcome (farrowing rate - FR and number of total piglets born - TB) of 14 boars was obtained from a field trial conducted in a commercial farm using multiparous sows through single sire mating with two billion motile sperm cells per AI dose. Sows (n=948) bred were equally distributed among boars according to parity, mean lifetime number of piglets born, body condition score, weaning-to-estrus interval, lactation length and number of weaned piglets during 10 weeks of breeding period. Sperm motion parameters evaluated with CASA system in natura and in semen stored at 17°C for 240h in addition to morphological sperm defects, measured at the collection day, were included in the analysis to determine which semen traits were important to discriminate the fertility potential of ejaculates from these boars. The data underwent multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster, canonical and discriminant analyses. Among the 14 evaluated boars four clusters were formed based on fertility outcome. One boar, with the lowest FR and TB values (89.7% and 11.98), and two boars, with the highest FR and TB values (97.8% and 14.16), were placed in different clusters. The others boars were separated in two new distinct clusters (4 and 7 boars), including boars with intermediate TB (12.64 and 13.22) but divergent values of FR (95.9% vs. 91.8%). Canonical analysis was able to separate the individual ejaculates into the previously clustered boars and a better separation was shown between the lowest fertility group and the others. Semen traits which had higher discriminatory power included total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, analyzed during semen storage, and sperm morphological defects such as cytoplasmatic droplets. The multivariate discriminant analysis showed that more than 80% of the 140 ejaculates were correctly classified into their own group. The multivariate analysis can be an efficient statistical tool to improve the discrimination of potential fertility of boars.
65

Comportamento e desempenho sexual de suínos reprodutores criados em ambientes enriquecidos / Behavior and sexual performance of breeding pigs raised in enriched environments

Ariane Cristina de Castro 10 March 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho buscou avaliar o comportamento e o desempenho sexual de suínos machos de linhas puras e cruzadas, criados com e sem a utilização de enriquecimento ambiental, na fase de crescimento. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas, que compreenderam a fase de crescimento dos animais e o treinamento para coleta de sêmen. Na fase de crescimento, 128 machos foram alojados em ambientes enriquecidos ou estéreis. Utilizou-se como enriquecimento ambiental correntes suspensas, galão de cinco litros suspenso e um galão de 50 litros solto no piso. Esses objetos foram oferecidos de forma alternada e cada um ficou disponível na baia por um período de 30 dias. Na primeira etapa foram registrados o comportamento dos animais, os escores de lesão e a massa corporal. Após a fase de crescimento, foram escolhidos aleatoriamente 32 animais aprovados na seleção genética para serem avaliados durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen. O treinamento ocorreu durante seis dias consecutivos e cada animal foi treinado por três vezes em dias alternados. Durante o treinamento para a coleta de sêmen, o comportamento animal, as relações humano-animal, o volume do ejaculado e os níveis de testosterona e cortisol foram registrados. Como respostas na fase de crescimento, verificou-se que, mesmo utilizando uma combinação de objetos, os suínos se habituaram rapidamente a eles e a frequência de manipulação diminuiu após o primeiro período para todos os objetos. Observamos que o ambiente enriquecido foi eficaz na redução dos comportamentos agonísticos e mordedura de cauda e orelha para os animais puros e cruzados, e isso consequentemente reduziu a quantidade e severidade de lesões de pele. Na fase de treinamento para coleta de sêmen, os resultados demonstraram que o comportamento sexual dos animais foi influenciado pelas linhas genéticas, sendo assim, observou-se que os machos de linha cruzada tiveram maior facilidade durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen e apresentaram maior média do escore de libido, diferindo das linhas puras (P<0,001). Verificou-se que não houve diferença na média do escore de libido entre os tratamentos com e sem enriquecimento ambiental (P=0,276), porém, os tratamentos com enriquecimento tiveram o menor número de animais treinados. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que o ambiente enriquecido com uma combinação de enriquecimentos pontuais (objetos) é uma estratégia eficaz para aumentar o comportamento exploratório e reduzir os comportamentos agonísticos e anormais na fase de crescimento. Mas, por outro lado, os animais criados em ambientes enriquecidos tiveram um pior desempenho sexual durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen. / This study aimed to evaluate behavior and sexual performance of male pigs from purebred and crossbred, raised with and without the use of environmental enrichment during the growth phase. The study was divided into two steps comprising the animals\' growth phase and training for semen collection. In the growth phase 128 males were housed in an enriched or in a sterile environment. As environmental enrichment, hanging chains, a hanging five-liter gallon and a fifty-liter gallon released on the floor were used. These objects were alternately offered and each one was available in the pen for a period of 30 days. In the first step, animal behavior, injury score and body weight were recorded. After the growth phase, 32 animals approved in genetic screening were randomized to be evaluated during training for semen collection. The training took place for six consecutive days and each animal was trained three times on alternate days. During the training for semen collection, animal behavior, human-animal relationship, ejaculated semen volume, testosterone and cortisol levels were registered. As a response during the growth phase, even using a combination of enrichments, pigs quickly got used to them and manipulation frequency decreased after the first period for all objects. We observed that the enriched environment was effective in reducing agonistic behavior and biting of tail and ear in animals of pure and mixed lines, and therefore the number and severity of skin lesions were reduced. During the training for semen collection, results showed that sexual behavior of animals was influenced by genetic lines, therefore we observed that males of mixed lines had greater ease during training for semen collection and had a higher libido score average, differing from the pure lines (P<0,001). There was no difference in the libido score average between treatments with and without environmental enrichment (P=0,276), however the treatment with environmental enrichment had fewer trained animals. Thus, results indicate that enriched environment with a combination of enrichment objects is an effective strategy to increase exploratory behavior and to reduce agonistic and abnormal behaviors during the growth phase. However, animals raised in enriched environments had a worse sexual performance during the training for semen collection.
66

Estudo etiológico e patológico de pneumonias em javalis criados de forma confinada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Etiological and pathological study of pneumonia in captive wild-boars in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Biondo, Natalha January 2012 (has links)
As doenças respiratórias são muito comuns na produção intensiva de suínos, já em javalis são escassas informações sobre prevalência, etiologia e apresentação clínico-patológica destas enfermidades. No entanto, a presença de patógenos respiratórios comuns entre javalis selvagens e confinados e suínos domésticos já foi relatada. Este trabalho descreve as principais lesões macroscópicas e histológicas de pneumonias de javalis e os agentes comumente envolvidos. Foram examinados pulmões de javalis, ao abate, provenientes de criatórios comerciais e a principal lesão macroscópica foi consolidação crânio-ventral dos lobos craniais e médios e lesões crônicas cursando com hiperplasia linfóide na histologia. O principal agente bacteriano detectado foi o Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (58,6%). Outros patógenos bacterianos detectados foram Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (48,8%), Haemophilus parasuis (49,6%), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (41,3%), Pasteurella multocida (9,1%) e Streptococcus suis (9,1%). Na segunda parte do trabalho, a pesquisa de patógenos virais foi direcionada para o Vírus da influenza suína (VIS) com objetivo de estudar o envolvimento em pneumonias de javalis de criatórios e a relação com agentes bacterianos encontrados. O vírus pandêmico A/H1N1/2009 foi detectado em 18,3% (11/60) e sua identidade foi confirmada por sequenciamento. A carga viral para H1N1 clássico variou de 4,58 a 6275 cópias/μL e para o H1N1 pandêmico, de 4,65 a 3863 cópias/μL. Nenhuma amostra apresentou título viral após a inoculação em ovos embrionados. As lesões histológicas principais foram broncopneumonia crônica difusa e pneumonia intersticial mononuclear leve, além de hiperplasia linfóide. As amostras positivas por RT-PCR para o VIS para o pH1N1 foram testadas por IHQ, sendo todas negativas para influenza A, mas todas eram positivas para M. hyopneumoniae. Quando testadas por bacteriologia, 18,2% das amostras foram positivas para P. multocida. O estudo mostrou que as pneumonias em javalis de criatório apresentaram lesões e patógenos associados similares aos encontrados em suínos domésticos ao abate. Este é o primeiro relato da infecção pelo vírus pH1N1 em javalis no Brasil. / Respiratory diseases are very common in swine intensive production, although in wild-boars the knowledge of the prevalence, etiology and clinic-pathological presentation of these diseases are very limited. However, the presence of common respiratory pathogens among wild-boar, captive wild-boar and domestic pigs has been reported. This paper describes the main macroscopic and histologic pneumonic lesions of captive wild-boars and pathogens commonly involved. Captive wild-boar lungs at slaughter were examined and the main macroscopic lesion observed was cranio-ventral consolidation of cranial and middle lobes and chronic lesions associated with lymphoid hyperplasia by histology. The main bacterial pathogen detected was Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (58.6%). Other bacterial pathogens detected were Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (48.8%), Haemophilus parasuis (49.6%), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (41.3%), Pasteurella multocida (9.1%) and Streptococcus suis (9.1%). In the second part of this work, the survey of viral pathogens was directed to swine influenza virus (SIV) in order to study the involvement in captive wild-boar pneumonias and the relation with bacterial pathogens. The A/H1N1/2009 pandemic virus was detected in 18.3% (11/60) and its identity was confirmed by sequencing. The classical H1N1 viral load ranged from 4.58 to 6275 copies/uL and the pandemic H1N1, from 4.65 to 3863 copies/uL. No samples had viral titers after inoculation in embryonated eggs. The main histological lesions were chronic diffuse bronchopneumonia and interstitial mononuclear pneumonia as well as mild lymphoid hyperplasia. Samples positive to pH1N1 were assayed by IHC for SIV, all with negative results, and to M. hyopneumoniae, all were positive. When assayed by bacteriology, 18.2% of samples were positive to P. multocida. This study showed that pneumonia in captive wild-boar had similar lesions and associated pathogens were similar to those found in domestic pigs at slaughter. This is the first report of pH1N1 virus infection in captive wild-boars in Brazil.
67

Uso de análise multivariada para determinar a associação do desempenho reprodutivo de machos suinos com as caracteristicas seminais / Use of multivariate analyses to determine the association of boar fertility with semen traits

Kummer, Aline Beatriz Heinen Prates January 2012 (has links)
A aplicação de novos sistemas para medir as características de deslocamento espermático e sua associação com a fertilidade vem apresentando um crescimento recente. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) permite uma avaliação padronizada das características da motilidade espermática e é plausível que a combinação destes parâmetros com as características morfológicas seminais possam estimar a fertilidade do ejaculado. O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto - TP e número de leitões nascidos totais - NT) de 14 reprodutores suínos foi obtido a partir de um experimento conduzido em uma granja comercial com fêmeas multíparas utilizando inseminação homospérmica com deposição intra-cervical e dois bilhões de espermatozoides móveis por dose inseminante. Durante 10 semanas, as fêmeas (n=948) foram inseminadas e igualmente distribuídas entre os machos testados de acordo com a ordem de parto, média do histórico de leitões nascidos, escore de condição corporal, intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), duração da lactação e número de leitões desmamados. Características da motilidade espermática, avaliadas pelo sistema CASA in natura e durante armazenamento a 17°C por 240h, e os defeitos morfológicos avaliados no sêmen in natura, foram incluídas na análise para determinar quais parâmetros espermáticos foram importantes para discriminar o potencial reprodutivo dos ejaculados desses machos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada que incluiu procedimentos estatísticos tais como: análises de cluster, canônica e discriminante. Dentre os 14 machos avaliados, 4 clusters foram formados com base nos resultados reprodutivos. Um macho, com menor resultado de TP e NT (89,7% e 11,98) e dois machos, com os maiores valores de TP e NT (97,8% e 14,16) foram alocados em diferentes grupos. Os demais machos foram separados em outros dois grupos distintos (4 e 7 machos), incluindo machos com valores semelhantes de NT (12,64 e 13,22) mas divergentes na TP (95,9% vs. 91,8%). A análise canônica permitiu separar os grupos, sendo a melhor separação observada entre o grupo menos fértil e os demais. As características seminais que demonstraram melhor capacidade de discriminação dos grupos incluíram motilidade espermática total, motilidade progressiva, amplitude do deslocamento lateral da cabeça espermática, além das características morfológicas tal como a presença de gota citoplasmática. A análise multivariada discriminante permitiu classificar corretamente mais de 80% dos 140 ejaculados avaliados em seus respectivos grupos. A análise multivariada pode ser uma eficiente ferramenta estatística na discriminação do potencial reprodutivo de cachaços. / The application of new approaches that measure certain sperm motion characteristics and their association with boar fertility has shown a recent increase. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) offers standardized assessment of multiple sperm motion parameters and it is plausible that the combination of these parameters with morphological sperm defects may indicate the fertility potential of boars. The fertility outcome (farrowing rate - FR and number of total piglets born - TB) of 14 boars was obtained from a field trial conducted in a commercial farm using multiparous sows through single sire mating with two billion motile sperm cells per AI dose. Sows (n=948) bred were equally distributed among boars according to parity, mean lifetime number of piglets born, body condition score, weaning-to-estrus interval, lactation length and number of weaned piglets during 10 weeks of breeding period. Sperm motion parameters evaluated with CASA system in natura and in semen stored at 17°C for 240h in addition to morphological sperm defects, measured at the collection day, were included in the analysis to determine which semen traits were important to discriminate the fertility potential of ejaculates from these boars. The data underwent multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster, canonical and discriminant analyses. Among the 14 evaluated boars four clusters were formed based on fertility outcome. One boar, with the lowest FR and TB values (89.7% and 11.98), and two boars, with the highest FR and TB values (97.8% and 14.16), were placed in different clusters. The others boars were separated in two new distinct clusters (4 and 7 boars), including boars with intermediate TB (12.64 and 13.22) but divergent values of FR (95.9% vs. 91.8%). Canonical analysis was able to separate the individual ejaculates into the previously clustered boars and a better separation was shown between the lowest fertility group and the others. Semen traits which had higher discriminatory power included total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, analyzed during semen storage, and sperm morphological defects such as cytoplasmatic droplets. The multivariate discriminant analysis showed that more than 80% of the 140 ejaculates were correctly classified into their own group. The multivariate analysis can be an efficient statistical tool to improve the discrimination of potential fertility of boars.
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Infecções helmínticas em Sus scrofa scrofa (javali) de criatório comercial no sul do Brasil / Helminth Infections in Sus scrofa scrofa (wild boar) for commercial breeding in the south of Brazil

Silva, Diego Silva da 02 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_diego_silva_da_silva.pdf: 847370 bytes, checksum: 90471f7041bf3867ac4fbfcf7ad3df29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / The meat of the wild boar has always been regarded noble, possessing a distinctive flavor, and has low fat and cholesterol. These characteristics give the meat a great potential gastronomic, so the commercial breeding boars may be considered a promising market. This study aimed to identify the species of helminths that inhabit the digestive and respiratory tract of Sus scrofa scrofa from commercial breeding. Were collected and individually the digestive and respiratory tracts of 40 wild boars from commercial breeding during the slaughter process in the slaughterhouse. Of the 40 animals analyzed, 87.5% were parasitized by helminths, they being, with their respective prevalence, Trichuris suis (67,5%), Ascaris suum (47,5%), Trichostrongylus colubriformes (45%), which has first recorded parasitizing wild boars, and Oesophagostomum dentatum (5.0%). With respect to the parasites of the respiratory tract, the genus Metastrongylus was recorded in the bronchi and bronchioles in 60% of animals tested, with the occurrence of three species with their respective prevalence, M. apri (52,5%), M. salmi (20%) and M. pudendotectus (7,5%), registering the highest prevalence of Metastrongylus in wild boars from commercial breeding of so far. With the exception of O. dentatum, the other parasites have their first record parasitizing wild boar in a subtropical region. / A carne do javali sempre foi considerada nobre, possuindo um sabor característico e apresentando baixos teores de gordura e colesterol. Tais características conferem a essa carne um grande potencial gastronômico, logo, a criação comercial de javalis pode ser considerada um mercado promissor. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar as espécies de helmintos que habitam o trato gastrointestinal e respiratório de Sus scrofa scrofa provenientes de criatório comercial. Foram coletados e individualizados os tratos gastrointestinais e respiratórios de 40 javalis oriundos de criatório comercial durante o processo de abate em frigorífico. Dos 40 animais analisados, 87,5% estavam parasitados por helmintos gastrointestinais, sendo eles com suas respectivas prevalências, Trichuris suis (67,5%), Ascaris suum (47,5%), Trichostrongylus colubriformes (45%), o qual é registrado pela primeira vez parasitando javalis e Oesophagostomum dentatum (5,0%). Com relação aos parasitos do trato respiratório, o gênero Metastrongylus foi registrado nos brônquios e bronquíolos de 60% dos animais analisados, com ocorrência de três espécies com suas respectivas prevalências, M. apri (52,5%), M. salmi (20%) e M. pudendotectus (7,5%), registrando-se a maior prevalência de Metastrongylus em javalis oriundos de criatório comercial até o momento. Com exceção de O. dentatum, os demais parasitos têm seu primeiro registro parasitando javalis em uma região de clima subtropical.
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Izolace a studium proteinů se zona pellucida vazebnou aktivitou / Isolation and study of proteins with zona pellucida binding activity

Zigo, Michal January 2014 (has links)
Binding of sperm to the oocyte is mediated by complementary molecules on the surface of both gametes and involves the interaction of sperm protein receptors with the zona pellucida (ZP) saccharide structures. It has been shown that many proteins receptors are involved in the sperm-ZP interaction, and potential primary sperm receptors for ZP glycoproteins have been investigated in various mammals. The majority of proteins with identified sperm-ZP binding activity belong to the plasma membrane proteins. However, the exact methods for isolation of sperm membrane proteins are still to be standardized. This study is focused on investigating how employment of various isolation protocols leads to acquisition of various protein mixtures. Further in the work, two possible approaches towards identification of potential ZP-binding partners are implemented, in order to disclose novel primary ZP-binding receptor candidates. Sperm proteins of ejaculated and in vitro capacitated boar sperms were isolated by: Triton X-100, Triton X-114, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), N-octyl-β-D- glucopyranoside (OBG), rehydration buffer (RHB), and finally by freezing-thawing extraction and they were characterized by 1-D, 2-D protein profiles, glycoprotein staining and substrate zymographic methods. The results have...
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Estimating Feral Swine Abundance and their Effects on Native Wildlife in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley

Ivey, Matthew Ryan 04 May 2018 (has links)
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). They cause millions in damage annually to agriculture, and likely negatively affect native wildlife species. Using camera traps, I monitored 36 forest patches within the MAV to assess the effects of swine invasions on native wildlife species richness. I also modified the double-observer point count technique into a new method for estimating swine abundance with camera traps. Feral swine suppressed native vertebrate richness by 26% when compared to uninvaded patches. I validated the new double-observer technique by determining if it could detect an abundance-area relationship in wildlife populations and estimate a known decrease in abundance following swine removal. This technique was sensitive enough to detect the increase and decrease in abundance and estimated the number of individuals removed from the population relatively accurately. This technique may be useful in the future to manage feral swine populations.

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